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LEWIS  G.  STEVENSON. 
Secretary  of  Slate  and  ex-officio  State  Librarian. 


(P29-5M) 


ERRATA. 


Page  16,  ft  2,  line  7,  read  “mechanical”  instead  of 
“chemical”. 

Page  25.  ft  5,  line  3,  read  “1  to  6  feet”  instead  of  “100  to 
600  feet”. 

Page  123,  Well  No.  41,  last  line  of  introductory  paragraph, 
read  “1450  feet”  instead  of  “450  feet”. 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

i 

FRANK  W.  DeWOLF,  Director 


Some  Deep  Borings  in  Illinois 

BY 

J.  A.  UDDEN 

•  • 

Work  done  in  cooperation 
with  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 


State  Geological  Survey 
University  of  Illinois 
Urbana 
1914 


a  557 


k  ur. 


Illinois  State  Journal  Co.,  State  Printers. 
Springfield,  III. 

19  14. 

By  transfer 

NOV  6  1915 


C  *)  « 

I  1 


•  »  I 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL  COMMISSION. 


Edward  F.  Dunne,  Chairman ,  Governor  of  Illinois. 

Thomas  C.  Chamberlin,  Vice-Chairman. 

Edmund  J.  James,  Secretary ,  President  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 


Frank  W.  DeWolf,  Director. 

Fred  H.  Kay,  Assistant  State  Geologist. 


* 

CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Part  1.— Purposes  and  methods  of  study .  11 

General  considerations .  11 

Purpose  of  report .  11 

Need  of  more  work  on  well  records .  11 

Relative  importance  of  well  work .  12 

Drillers’ logs .  12 

Samples .  13 

Descriptive  records  and  interpreted  records .  13 

Taking  of  samples .  13 

Significance  of  mixing  in  samples .  14 

Preparation  of  samples .  15 

Care  of  samples .  15 

Examination  of  samples .  16 

Care  of  fossils  and  other  rare  materials .  17 

Adequate  freedom  in  the  description  of  samples .  17 

Directions  for  the  examination  of  well  samples .  18 

Identification  of  formations . 22 

Criteria  for  identification . ; .  22 

Identification  by  fossils .  22 

Introductory  statement .  22 

Devonian  black  shale .  22 

General  description. . .  22 

Galesburg  city  well,  No.  3 .  23 

Old  Monmouth  city  well .  23 

Henry  city  well .  24 

Schuyler  Oil  and  Gas  Company’s  well . 24 

Peoria  Glen  Oak  Park  well . 25 

K.  and  E.  Young  well,  No.  29 . 25 

Lulu  Shover  well,  No.  1 . 25 

Chester  formation . 25 

Limestone  above  Coal  No.  6 .  25 

Other  fossil-bearing  horizons . 26 

Identification  by  physical  characters . 27 

Enumeration  of  physical  characters .  27 

Characteristic  colors .  27 

Characteristic  textures . 28 

Texture  in  sandstones . 28 

Texture  in  shales .  29 

Texture  in  limestones .  29 

Characteristic  components . 31 

Chert  and  flint . 31 

Glauconite .  31 

Pyrite .  31 

Identification  by  gross  stratigraphic  features . 31 

Part  II— Well  records . 35 

Introduction . 35 

1.  Well  of  Elgin  waterworks,  Elgin,  Kane  County . 35 

2.  Well  No.  3,  City  waterworks,  Blue  Island,  Cook  County . 37 

3.  Crowley  Avenue  well,  Joliet,  Will  County .  40 

4.  Well  of  C.  W.  Reed,  Putnam  County .  41 

5.  City  well,  Chatsworth,  Livingston  County .  42 

6.  Well  near  Plano,  Kendall  County .  45 

7.  Well  of  San  Bede  College,  Peru,  LaSalle  County .  46 

8.  Well  No.  2,  Mineral  Point  Zinc  Co.,  Depue,  Bureau  County .  47 


CONTENTS —  Concluded. 


PAGE. 

Part  II.— Well  records—  Concluded. 

9.  Well  of  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Kankakee  County .  50 

10.  City  well,  Henry,  Marshall  County .  55 

12*  }  Princeton  city  well,  Princeton,  Bureau  County . 57 

13.  First  Geneseo  city  well,  Geneseo,  Henry  County .  59 

14.  Well  of  Modern  Woodman  of  America,  Rock  Island,  Rock  Island  County . 61 

15.  Old  city  well,  Monmouth,  Warren  County . 62 

16.  City  well  No.  3,  Galesburg,  Knox  County .  64 

17.  Well  on  W.  B.  Manlove’s  farm,  Schuyler  County . 66 

18.  Well  on  the  McGinnis  farm  near  Jacksonville,  Morgan  County .  68 

19.  Chicago,  Wilmington  and  Vermilion  Coal  Company’s  test  hole,  Thayer,  Sangamon 

County .  69 

20.  City  well,  Shelby ville,  Shelby  County .  70 

21.  'Well  on  Fred  Jensen’s  farm  near  Tuscola,  Douglas  County . 71 

22.  Illinois  Powder  Company’s  well,  Grafton,  Jersey  County .  72 

23.  Well  No.  1  on  Lavina  Thierer’s  farm,  Clinton  County .  73 

24.  Well  No.  1  on  Guthrie’s  farm,  Marion  County .  77 

25.  Well  No.  8  on  Oppenlander’s  farm,  Washington  County . 81 

26.  Well  of  Illinois  Salt  and  Coal  Company,  St.  Johns,  Perry  County . 85 

27  Well  No.  1  on  the  L.  Gallagher  farm,  Perry  County .  87 

28.  Well  of  the  Duquoin  Land  and  Farming  Company,  near  Duquoin,  Perry  County  .  90 

29.  Well  No.  29  on  the  K.  and  E.  Young  farm,  Clark  County . 91 

30.  Well  No.  1  on  the  Lulu  Shover  farm,  Clark  County . 93 

31.  WTell  No.  4  on  the  C.  E.  Siler  farm,  Crawford  County . 96 

32.  Well  No.  23  on  the  Jas.  M.  Drake  farm,  Crawford  County . 100 

33.  Well  No.  21  on  the  J.  C.  Wilson  farm,  Crawford  County . 102 

34.  Well  No.  8  on  the  C.  F.  Curtis  farm,  Crawford  County . 104 

35.  Well  No.  7  on  the  Martin  Shiltz  farm,  Crawford  County . 107 

36.  Well  No.  15  on  the  O.  F.  Edwards  farm,  Crawford  County . 109 

37.  Craig  and  Lowrie’s  test  well,  Robinson,  Crawford  County . 113 

38.  Well  No.  21  on  the  L.  R.  Newlin  farm,  Crawford  County . 114 

39.  Well  No.  9  on  the  C.  T.  Cochran  farm,  Crawford  County . 116 

40.  Well  No.  4  on  the  S.  G.  McCleave  farm,  Lawrence  County . 118 

41.  Well  No.  2  on  the  W.  B.  Gray  farm,  Lawrence  County . 123 

42.  Well  No.  7  on  the  W.  H.  Snyder  farm,  Lawrence  County . 129 

43.  Well  No.  1  on  the  E.  J.  Ridgely  farm,  Lawrence  County . 135 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATE.  PAGE. 

I.  Location  and  reference  number  of  borings .  36 

II.  Records  of  wells  in  northern  Illinois . Pocket. 

III.  Records  of  wells  in  central  Illinois . Pocket. 

IV.  Records  of  wells  in  south-central  Illinois . Pockets 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


State  Geological  Survey, 
University  of  Illinois,  July  30,  1914. 


Governor  E.  F.  Dunne ,  Chairman ,  and  Members  of  the  Geological 

Commission. 

Gentlemen  :  I  submit  herewith  a  report  on  “Some  Deep  Borings 
in  Illinois,”  and  recommend  that  it  be  published  as  Bulletin  No.  24. 

The  author.  Dr.  J.  A.  Udden,  formerly  of  Augustana  College 
Illinois  was  for  several  years  a  geologist  in  the  Survey,  during  which 
time  he  was  in  charge  of  the  study  of  borings,  with  special  reference  to 
the  identification  of  formations  penetrated,  and  to  water  resources.  The 
patient  and  painstaking  examination  and  interpretation  of  well  samples 
and  records  by  Dr.  Udden  are  highly  successful  and  mark  him  as  a 
leader  in  such  scientific  work  in  the  United  States.  Our  knowledge  of 
the  underlying  stratigraphy  and  mineral  resources  of  Illinois  is  greatly 
extended  by  this  report. 


Very  respectfully, 

Frank  W.  DeWolf, 


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SOME  DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 

By  J.  A.  XJdden. 


PART  I.— PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 

General  Considerations. 

PURPOSE  OF  THE  REPORT. 

During  the  years  1908  to  1911,  while  the  writer  was  engaged  as 
geologist  on  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey,  and  as  special  agent  of 
the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  he  had  occasion  to  examine  a  number  of 
samples  of  cuttings  from  deep  wells  made  in  various  parts  of  the  State, 
for  the  purpose  of  more  closely  delimiting  the  underground  formations. 
The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  cooperated  actively  in  support  of  the  in¬ 
vestigations.  It  is  proposed  here  to  present  a  brief  report  of  this  work. 

NEED  OF  MORE,  WORK  ON  WELL  RECORDS. 

The  study  of  samples  taken  from  deep  explorations  has  long  been 
an  important  part  of  the  work  of  geologists  everywhere.  In  the  pub¬ 
lications  of  the  Worthen  Survey  of  Illinois  several  hundred  deep-well 
records  were  recorded.  In  the  reports  of  the  present  Geological  Survey 
of  Iowa  nearly  an  entire  volume  has  been  devoted  to  the  publication 
and  correlation  of  deep-well  records.  Professor  Norton  of  this  survey 
stands  foremost  among  geologists  in  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley  as  a 
student  of  well  samples  and  as  an  interpreter  and  correlator  of  deep- 
well  sections.  The  region  over  which  his  investigations  of  this  kind 
extend  covers  the  entire  State  of  Iowa  and  overlaps  on  all  the  adjacent 
territory.  Several  members  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey 
have  also  given  much  attention  to  studies  of  this  kind,  notably  D'arton, 
Leverett,  Mendenhall,  Fuller,  Harris,  Gould,  and  Vaughan.  Never¬ 
theless,  it  appears  to  the  present  writer  that  the  American  geologists 
of  late  years  have  fallen  far  behind  in  obtaining  and  preserving  under¬ 
ground  data  which  are  multiplying  rapidly. 

The  increase  in  this  kind  of  information  which  can  now  be  obtained 
is  due  to  several  causes.  The  perfection  in  the  art  of  drilling  is  con¬ 
tinually  reducing  the  cost  of  such  work  and  makes  drilling  for  any 
purpose  more  profitable  than  it  was  a  few  decades  ago.  The  constantly 
growing  population  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  has  caused  an  increase  in 


12 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


the  demand  for  potable  and  mineral  waters  and  a  constant  search  for 
new  deposits  of  oil,  gas,  and  salt.  Moreover,  the  general  sinking  of 
the  water  table,  which  has  come  with  the  deforestation  and  cultivation 
of  the  land,  has  made  it  necessary  to  find  deeper  and  more  lasting 
supplies  of  water  for  the  general  use  of  cities,  railroads,  manufacturers, 
and  farmers.  To  obtain  the  record  of  deep  borings  that  are  constantly 
being  made  in  every  state  would  give  employment  to  a  large  force 
of  men. 


RELATIVE  IMPORTANCE  OF  WELL  WORK. 

Considering  the  fact  that  so  much  of  the  information  which  is 
obtained  from  the  study  of  deep  explorations  cannot  be  obtained  else¬ 
where,  field  work  for  obtaining  such  data  cannot  be  regarded  as 
expensive,  since  the  records  of  a  single  well,  if  correctly  interpreted, 
may  frequently  offer  more  really  valuable  geological  information  than 
can  be  obtained  by  the  detailed  and  accurate  mapping  of  the  surface 
geology  of  an  entire  county.  This  statement  is  true  for  regions  where 
the  formations  lie  fiat  and  where  the  relief  is  small,  and  such  conditions 
are  general  over  most  of  the  great  area  between  the  Appalachians  and 
the  Rocky  Mountains. 

drillers'  logs. 

• 

There  is  perhaps  some  excuse  for  the  geologists5  neglect  of  the 
study  of  deep  borings,  in  that  many  records  kept  by  the  drillers  are 
somewhat  unreliable,  or  at  least  difficult  to  interpret  correctly.  It  is 
therefore  important  that  an  attempt  should  be  made  to  obtain  samples 
of  drillings  and  to  make  a  thorough  examination  of  all  such  material. 
Realizing  the  importance  of  such  work  in  this  State,  the  Director  of 
the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey  early  made  arrangements  with  the 
drillers  and  owners  of  wells  to  procure  sets  of  samples  of  the  material 
penetrated  by  their  explorations.  During  the  last  three  years  that  the 
present  writer  was  in  the  service  of  this  Survey,  most  of  this  material 
was  examined  by  him.  Excepting  the  Reed  well  in  Bureau  County,  all 
the  deep  explorations  reported  in  this  paper  have  been  examined  and 
described  from  samples  of  rock  material.  The  drillers5  logs  of  the 
explored  formations  are  sometimes  recorded  in  current  publications. 
More  frequently  they  are  preserved  in  old  files  of  various  business 
houses  or  of  private  parties.  The  necessity  of  prompt  preservation  of 
such  records  is  sometimes,  but  not  always,  particularly  urgent,  in  order 
that  the  information  that  they  contain  shall  be  preserved  for  all  time. 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


13 


SAMPLES. 

If  samples  are  not  taken  while  wells  are  being  drilled,  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  for  collecting  them  is  lost  forever.  In  the  earlier  days  samples 
were  more  often  taken  by  owners  of  the  wells  than  is  customary  today. 
Drilling  is  less  of  a  novelty  in  our  time.  A  few  old  well  samples  have 
been  kept  for  many  years,  and  it  proved  quite  profitable  to  re-examine 
some  of  them.  The  record  of  the  Monmouth  well,  which  was  published 
by  Dr.  Worthen  from  an  examination  of  the  samples  made  by  Professor 
J.  H.  Southwell,  is  one  of  these.  Devonian  shale  and  limestone  109 
feet  thick  and  Kinderhook  shale  124  feet  thick  were  reported  from  this 
well  without  any  descriptive  particulars.  On  re-examination  of  the 
shales  in  these  samples,  which  had  been  preserved  for  twenty-five  years, 
they  were  found  to  contain  Sporangites  huronense,  which  undoubtedly 
correlates  them  with  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale  in  Iowa.  The 
stratigraphic  position  of  this  shale  is  still  a  problem.  It  is  evidently 
much  more  desirable  to  know  the  biological  or  physical  characteristics 
of  a  shale  or  other  rock,  than  to  know  that  a  shale  or  limestone  exists 
at  a  given  depth. 

DESCRIPTIVE  RECORDS  AND  INTERPRETED  RECORDS. 

Among  the  earlier  geologists  it  was  the  common  practice  to  give 
determinations  of  different  strata  reported  from  a  well  to  the  neglect 
of  descriptions  of  their  characteristics.  For  men  with  extensive  train¬ 
ing  and  experience  this  practice  may  be  excusable,  but  with  the  progress 
of  science  it  will  certainly  always  be  more  desirable  to  find  the 
determinations  accompanied  by  full  descriptions.  For  men  of  limited 
experience  the  practice  of  giving  determinations  alone  is  very  objection¬ 
able,  as  such  reports  may  involve  errors  which  cannot  be  corrected. 
Determinations  of  this  kind  are  also  likely  to  be  misunderstood  by 
.drillers  and  by  the  general  public. 

In  the  collection  of  -  wTell  records  from  the  northern  part  of  the 
State  the  writer  has  found  several  logs  that  enumerated  two  or  three 
St.  Peter  sands,  one  following  the  other  several  hundred  feet  apart. 
The  driller  had  evidently  used  the  name  as  a  term  describing  a  certain 
quality  of  sand,  and  not  as  the  name  of  a  certain  well-defined  formation. 

TAKING  OF  SAMPLES. 

In  collecting  samples  for  examination  it  is  of  course  desirable  to 
take  them  at  as  close  intervals  as  possible.  Large  samples  are  not 
necessary.  An  ounce  of  cuttings  taken  from  each  bucket,  or  from  every 
five  feet  of  drilling,  will  be  ample  for  the  study  of  “Coal  Measures” 


14 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


strata  in  this  State.  Where  the  well  is  passing  through  the  thicker 
limestones  of  the  Silurian  or  Ordovician  an  ounce  of  cuttings  taken 
every  10  feet  is  quite  sufficient.  When  drilling  in  shale  the  operators 
are  quite  likely  to  neglect  taking  samples,  owing  to  the  desirability  of 
rapidly  penetrating  such  formations  to  avoid  trouble  from  caving.  In 
several  sets  which  have  been  examined  for  this  paper  full  samples  were 
taken  from  the  limestones,  but  only  two  or  three  samples  represent  a 
hundred  feet  of  shale.  In  making  records  from  samples  this  incon¬ 
sistency  must  be  considered.  It  is  always  well  to  procure  the  driller’s 
record  and  to  compare  this  with  the  result  obtained  from  the  samples. 
In  some  instances  at  least,  it  appears  that  the  driller’s  record  is  more 
accurate  in  reporting  measurements  than  the  labels  accompanying  the 
samples,  when  both  of  them  are  not  in  full  agreement. 

In  the  driller’s  records  published  in  this  paper,  scrupulous  care 
has  been  taken  to  give  the  record  in  the  words  of  the  form  in  which  it  was 
originally  prepared.  This  is  true  of  the  labels  accompanying  samples 
as  well.  When  labels  and  records  disagree  note  has  been  made  of  the 
fact.  Future  explorations  may  help  to  determine  which  of  the  two  is 
correct. 

SIGNIFICANCE  OF  MIXING  IN  SAMPLES. 

Many  samples  represent  more  than  one  kind  of  rock.  In  drilling 
through  heavy  limestone  or  other  rock  of  uniform  character  the  driller 
collects  the  most  representative  samples.  In  going  through  the  strata 
of  limited  thicknesses  samples  will  be  mixtures  of  more  than  one 
formation.  In  such  samples  the  lowest  rock  is  usually  preserved  in 
the  greatest  abundance  and  in  the  largest  fragments.  Rock  which  has 
been  penetrated  in  the  lower  five  or  ten  feet  will  make  up  the  large  part 
of  the  sample.  Under  such  conditions  the  sequence  of  the  strata  may 
usually  be  determined  by  observing  the  size  of  the  cuttings.  The  rock 
belonging  to  the  upper  formation,  provided  it  is  of  somewhat  nearly 
the  same  texture  and  toughness  as  that  in  the  lower  formation,  will 
be  more  abundantly  represented  among  the  smaller  fragments.  In  case, 
of  differences  in  hardness  of  the  strata  the  representation  among  the 
several  sizes  of  fragments  may  not  have  the  same  significance.  Frag¬ 
ments  of  hard  rock,  when  mixed  with  fragments  of  soft  shale,  will  not 
grind  fine  as  rapidly  as  when  mixed  with  fragments  of  some  other  hard 
rock.  Limestone,  when  overlying  shale,  will  endure  the  wear  of  the 
shale  under  the  drill  for  considerable  distance,  even  20  or  30  feet. 

For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  more  precise  information  on  the 
distance  below  its  true  position  at  which  a  rock  may  be  found  in  the 
drillings,  some  of  the  records  which  follow  have  been  closely  examined. 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


15 


Among  twenty  cases  where  coal  has  been  seen  in  samples  in  which  it 
evidently  did  not  belong,  it  appears  that  in  one  case  it  had  come  from  a 
seam  4  feet  above  the  point  at  which  the  sample  was  taken ;  in  six  cases, 
5  feet  above  it ;  in  two  cases,  6  feet ;  in  three^  cases,  7  feet ;  in  one  case, 
8  feet;  in  four  cases,  10  feet;  in  two  cases,  12  feet;  and  in  one  case, 
26  feet  above  its  position  in  the  sample. 

Limestone  appears  to  last  somewhat  longer.  Lmder  certain  condi¬ 
tions  fragments  of  this  rock  may  be  found  in  samples  taken  at  much 
greater  distances  below  the  stratum  where  they  belong.  This  is  par¬ 
ticularly  true  when  the  drill  passes  through  cavernous  formations.  In 
the  well  made  at  the  State  Asylum  at  Kankakee,  fragments  of  Niagara 
limestone  continued  to  appear  in  the  drillings  for  several  hundred  feet 
below  the  bottom  of  the  Niagara.  Almost  invariably  the  pieces  of 
rock  which  fall  into  the  bucket  from  above  appear  in  the  samples  as  a 
few  fragments  of  considerable  size,  which  have  evidently  been  torn  loose 
from  caverns  which  were  entered  by  the  drill.  Pebbles  from  the  drift 
have  often  been  observed  in  the  drillings  from  20  to  40  feet  below  the 
base  of  the  drift.  For  making  correct  deductions  with  regard  to  the 
true  position  of  material  it  is  necessary  to  note  to  what  depth  a  well 
has  been  cased,  and  at  what  stage  in  the  work  the  casing  has  been 
installed. 


PREPARATION  OF  SAMPLES. 

It  is  always  desirable  that  the  samples  be  taken  from  the  unwashed 
material  directly  from  the  bucket.  When  samples  are  washed  some 
ingredients  may  be  almost  entirely  removed.  Samples  may  have  the 
appearance  of  coming  from  a  limestone,  whereas  the  deposits  they 
represent  may  be  marls  or  clayey  sands.  In  some  samples  the  finest 
ingredient  may  contain  characteristic  materials  which  are  important 
to  note. 


CARE  OF  SAMPLES. 

For  keeping  and  shipping  samples  bags  of  light  cloth  are  very 
suitable.  The  United  States  Geological  Survey  uses  this  kind  of 
sample  bags,  a  four-  by  five-inch  size  being  very  serviceable.  For  samples 
which  were  obtained  for  this  report  from  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  sample 
bags  of  manilla  paper  were  used.  These  containers  were  furnished  by 
the  State  Geological  Survey  and  were  provided  with  a  metal  strip  at 
the  top  for  closing.  They  were  convenient  to  handle,  but  a  few  samples 
had  been  put  in  wet  and  the  bags  were  torn  and  contents  lost. 


16 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


EXAMINATION  OF  SAMPLES. 

.  A  mere  inspection  will  usually  show  whether  samples  consist  of 
shale,  limestone,  or  sandstone.  If  the  sample  is  shale,  the  acid  test 
may  be  applied  to  it  to  determine  whether  it  is  marly  or  calcareous, 
for  which  purpose  a  ten-per  cent  solution  of  hydrochloric  acid  will  be 
found  most  suitable.  Sometimes,  however,  the  acid  test  is  deceptive, 
for  the  sample  may  consist  of  fragments  of  clay  or  shale  perfectly  free 
from  calcium  carbonate,  but  mixed  with  calcareous  material  derived 
from  limestone.  Such  a  sample  must  be  crushed  in  a  mortar,  and 
washed  clean  in  order  to  free  the  shale  fragments  from  the  finest  ground 
materials.  It  should  then  be  examined  under  a  hand  lens  while  wet 
and  again  tested  with  acid  for  calcareous  material.  Samples  consisting 
of  limestone  fragments  should  be  treated  in  the  same  way.  The  texture 
of  the  rock  will  always  appear  best  on  a  wet  surface. 

In  limestones  as  well  as  in  shales  it  is  always  desirable  to  look 
for  fossils.  The  experience  of  the  writer  has  been  that  for  this  purpose 
it  is  necessary  to  dry  the  samples  after  washing  and  then  to  separate 
the  smaller  fragments  from  the  larger  ones  by  means  of  a  set  of  sieves. 
The  writer  has  used  a  set  of  the  same  kind  as  the  set  used  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  separating  gravels,  sands,  and 
silts  in  making  chemical  analysis  of  soils.  Fossils,  such  as  impressions 
of  leaves,  thin  shells  of  molluscs,  shells  of  foraminifera,  and  spores  of 
plants,  will  often  be  found  in  shales  upon  splitting  the  larger  fragments 
with  a  knife.  Larger  fossil  fragments  may  readily  be  found  among  the 
larger  fragments  of  the  samples  by  mere  inspection  witfy  the  naked 
eye.  In  making  close  search  for  any  particular  fossils  it  has  been 
found  advantageous  to  examine  the  separate  sizes  of  rock  fragments 
spread  on  a  black  surface,  such  as  black  oil-cloth,  on  which  sufficient 
water  is  poured  to  wet  them  entirely.  The  material  is  then  spread  out 
with  a  knife  blade  and  arranged  with  the  same  instrument  in  ridges 
running  in  parallel  directions.  In  this  way  the  eye  with  the  aid  of 
the  hand  lens  can  follow  each  row  of  fragments  and  see  each  separate 
particle  thus  displayed.  For  work  in  obscure  or  rare  fossils  it  has  been 
found  that  different  degrees  of  success  in  finding  them  is  determined 
by  differences  in  the  amount  of  daylight  available. 

When  examining  samples  it  is  desirable  to  take  note  of  every 
possible  characteristic  of  the  rock,  such  as  cleavage,  texture,  richness 
in  organic  fragments,  toughness  or  brittleness.  Notes  should  be  made 
also  of  the  occurrence  of  particles  which  are  foreign  in  limestone,  such 
as  quartz  grains  of  unusual  color,  grains  of  pyrite,  or  particles  of 
bituminous  materials.  Determinations  of  the  contents  of  shales  and 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


17 


limestones  can  be  made  by.  placing  a  part  of  the  sample  in  a  closed  tube 
and  noting  changes  of  color,  odor  of  fumes,  behavior  of  the  materials 
with  a  magnet  after  ignition,  and  other  characteristics.  Quartz  grains 
imbedded  in  limestone  can  frequently  be  detected  by  grinding  down  a 
fragment  of  the  rock  on  a  stone,  polishing  the  ground  surface  on  a  fine 
hone,  and  examining  it  for  clear  reflections  from  the  polished  surfaces 
of  the  sand  grains.  The  light  will  be  reflected  from  bright  spots  in 
the  dull  matrix  of  the  limestone.  Dolomitic  limestone  can  be  recognized 
by  the  crystallization,  which  results  in  a  granular  structure  that  is  easily 
seen  in  a  microscopic  section,  readily  prepared  from  a  small  fragment, 
and  by  the  slow  effervescence  in  cold,  dilute,  hydrochloric  acid.  The  fine 
material  which  is  removed  by  washing  a  shale  or  a  clay  should  be 
examined  microscopically. 

Sandstones  should  be  examined  with  regard  to  sizes  of  grains  in 

the  mixtures.  The  most  ready  and  most  useful  method  of  doing  this 

is  to  make  a  mechanical  analysis  by  the  aid  of  a  set  of  sieves,  weighing 

the  ingredients  retained  by  each  mesh,  and  expressing  the  result  in 

ratios  of  their  weight  to  that  of  the  whole  sample.  It  is  also  profitable 

to  note  the  shapes  of  the  grains  and  the  character  of  their  surfaces — 

whether  angular  or  round,  whether  smooth  or  etched,  and  whether  or 

not  they  have  secondary  crystalline  faces.  The  mineral  composition  of 

the  sand  or  gravel  can  usually  be  determined  with  greater  or  less 

accuracy  and  expressed  in  general  terms  or  by  percentages  obtained  by 

actual  count  of  the  grains  of  different  kinds.  Sandstones  show  various 

« 

cementing  materials  such  as  carbonate  of  lime,  silica,  oxide  of  iron,  and 
sulphide. 


CARE  OF  FOSSILS  AND  OTHER  RARE  MATERIALS. 

In  the  examination  of  any  well  samples  specimens  of  fossils  and 
rare  characteristic  minerals  or  rocks  are  occasionally  found.  These 
should  be  carefully  preserved.  It  is,  of  course,  desirable  to  retain  sub¬ 
samples  of  everything.  But  some  specimens  need  to  be  submitted  to 
specialists,  and  should  be  preserved  for  all  time.  Samples  of  this  kind 
may  be  donated  to  some  large  museum,  willing  to  care  for  them. 

ADEQUATE  FREEDOM  IN  THE  DESCRIPTION  OF  SAMPLES. 

In  the  descriptions  which  follow,  everything  has  been  sacrificed 
for  fullness  of  detail  and  accuracy,  and  repetitions  are  the  rule.  Only 
in  a  few  places  where  no  differences  in  successive  samples  could  be 
noted,  the  expression  “like  the  preceding”  has  been  used.  It  is  believed, 

however,  that  the  use  of  this  phrase  is  contributive  to  negligence  in 

—2  G 


18 


DEEP  BORINGS  IX  ILLINOIS. 


making  observations.  The  range  of  observation  is  at  best  extremely 
limited  in  all  work  of  this  kind,  and  every  possible  detail  of  difference 
which  can  be  made  out  may  be  helpful  in  the  correct  interpretation  of 
the  record,  if  not  now,  perhaps  in  the  future,  by  some  other  worker. 
In  obtaining  records  from  drillers  and  in  giving  instruction  for  the 
taking  of  such  records,  it  may  be  well  to  simplify  matters  by  requiring 
descriptions  to  be  made  according  to  some  set  order,  such  as  first 
naming  of  the  rock,  next  stating  its  color,  then  describing  the  qualities 
pertaining  to  its  hardness,  and  any  other  notable  characteristics.  But 
in  making  full  and  detailed  descriptions  of  the  material  present  in  any 
sample  this  method  imposes  restrictions  whch  are  objectionable.  In  the 
descriptions  which  follow  but  little  regard  has  been  given  to  the  order 
of  statement.  The  most  abundant  ingredient  in  any  mixed  sample 
has,  however,  always  been  described  first. 

Directions  for  Examination  of  Well  Samples. 

For  workers  who  are  interested  in  the  study  of  well  samples,  a 
brief  sketch  of  the  methods  used  in  obtaning  the  data  presented  in 
this  paper  is  given  in  the  form  of  directions  for  making  examinations 
of  such  materials  and  for  recording  such  examinations. 

The  sample  should  first  be  examined  by  direct  inspection  and  with 
a  hand  lens. 

I.  If  sample  consists  of  sand,  sandstone,  gravel,  or  conglom¬ 
erate,  note  adherence,  size,  form,  polish  or  etching  of 
surfaces,  and  mineral  characters  of  grains  or  pebbles. 

1 )  Adherence  is  slight  in  soft  sandstone,  greater  in 

hard.  It  may  be  due  to  the  presence  of  a  matrix 
or  cementing  material.  Note  nature  of  cementing 
material,  whether  abundant  or  scarce,  whether 
calcareous,  siliceous,  ferruginous,  etc.  For  this  pur¬ 
pose  it  may  be  convenient  to  place  a  small  fragment 
of  the  rock  in  a  drop  of  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  on 
a  glass  slide  and  examine  without  cover  glass. 

2 )  Size  of  grains  is  best  determined  by  making  a  mechan¬ 

ical  analysis,  using  the  method  of  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Soils  down  to  grains  one-eighth  of  a  milli¬ 
meter  in  diameter,  and  giving  numerical  expressions 
to  quantities  of  the  different  grades. 

3)  Form  of  grains  discloses  whether  the  sand  is  much  or 

little  worn,  and  whether  the  grains  have  grown  by 
secondar}r  crystallization.  The  finer  grains  are  in¬ 
variably  more  angular  than  the  coarser  grains  in  the 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


19 


same  sand,  owing  to  the  lesser  force  of  impact  of  the 
smaller  grains,  and  their  more  effective  cushioning 
by  water. 

4)  The  polish  or  etching  of  the  surfaces  of  most  sand 

grains  is  not  conspicuous,  and  may  be  neglected,  but 
it  is  sometimes  an  important  characteristic. 

5)  The  mineral  composition  of  sand  grains  is  important. 

Numerical  estimates  of  the  different  ingredients  are 
always  desirable.  Most  of  the  descriptions  of  the 
mineral  composition  of  sands  found  in  geological 
literature  are  inexact. 

II.  If  sample  is  not  as  above,  test  for  calcareous  material  by 
the  application  of  a  cold  ten-per  cent  solution  of  hydro- 
cloric  acid. 

1)  If  there  is  no  response  to  acid  the  sample  is  probably 
either  argillite  or  gypsum.  Determine  mineral  charac¬ 
ter  and  note  texture,  structure,  color,  mineral,  and  fossil 
contents.  If  necessary,  first  wash  and  then  dry  the 
sample.  It  must  be  remembered  however  that  coarse 
dolomite  will  not  respond  to  dilute  acid,  unless  heated, 
or  unless  the  material  to  be  tested  is  pulverized. 

a.  Mechanical  analyses  of  silts,  shales,  and  clays  are  de¬ 

sirable,  but  often  impracticable  to  make.  Instead  of 
such,  describe  in  general  terms,  such  as  coarse,  me¬ 
dium,  fine  or  finest  texture,  supplying  microscopic 
measurements  of  the  bulk  of  the  material  when 
possible. 

b.  Note  whether  the  fragments  show  stratification,  lamina¬ 

tion,  or  lack  of  such  structures.  Describe  any  varia¬ 
tions  of  these  structures  when  present. 

c.  Avoid  exaggerations  in  describing  colors. 

d.  For  determining  the  mineral  contents  of  shales,  exam¬ 

ine  sample  under  microscope  and  make  blowpipe 
tests.  Note  the  nature  of  escaping  fumes  before  and 
during  ignition,  and  changes  in  color.  Also  note  the 
behavior  of  the  material  with  magnet  after  ignition. 

e.  Fossils  should  be  sought  in  the  larger  fragments  with 

a  hand  lens.  Such  fragments  may  be  split  edgewise 
with  a  knife,  when  no  fossils  appear  on  the  surface. 
The  finer  fragments  should  be  sorted  by  sieves  and 
each  grade  examined  under  a  microscope  for  minute 
fossils,  such  as  foraminifera,  bryozoa,  denticles  of 


20 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


annelids,  spores,  spicules  of  sponges,  small  parts  of 
brachiopods  and  gasteropods  and  many  others.  Look 
also  for  microscopic  concretions. 

2)  If  there  is  effervescence  with  acid,  the  sample  may  be 
pure  argillite  mixed  in  the  well  with  calcareous  slime; 
clay  ironstone;  calcareous  argillite,  or  marl;  argillace¬ 
ous  limestone;  dolomite;  calcareous  limestone;  or  a 
mixture  of  these.  If  the  sample  is  not  clean,  it  should 
be  washed  and  again  dried,  then  separated  by  sieves 
into  many  different  sizes,  and  again  tested  for  calcareous 
material. 

a.  If  the  sample  is  a  mixture,  the  ingredients  will  usually 

appear  in  unequal  quantities  in  the  different  lots. 
Each  ingredient  should  be  separately  examined. 

b.  Clay  ironstone  effervesces  extremely  slowly  and  be¬ 

comes  magnetic  after  ignition. 

c.  Marl  treated  in  acid  leaves  a  considerable  insoluble 

residue. 

d.  Argillaceous  limestone  treated  in  acid  leaves  a  small 

insoluble  residue. 

e.  Dolomite  effervesces  slowly. 

/.  Calcareous  limestone  effervesces  rapidly.  In  distin¬ 
guishing  between  dolomite  limestone  and  calcareous 
limestone  care  should  be  taken  to  apply  the  acid  on 
a  surface  of  a  fresh  fracture  of  the  rock  fragment. 
Dolomite,  when  powdered,  effervesces  rapidly,  like 
calcite.  A  good  way  for  making  this  test  is  to  place 
a  drop  of  the  acid  on  a  glass  slide,  and  then  to  place 
a  small  fragment  of  the  rock  in  this  drop  and  examine 
under  a  hand  lens.  Marls  and  argillaceous  limestones 
should  be  examined  in  the  same  manner  as  argillites. 
Dolomites  seldom  have  fossils,  except  as  moulds  or 
casts  in  the  larger  fragments.  Coarseness  of  the 
crystals  should  be  noted  in  dolomites,  either  by  exam¬ 
ining  the  finer-grained  lots  under  the  microscope  or 
by  making  a  thin  section  from  some  large  fragment. 
Calcareous  limestones  should  be  examined  and  de¬ 
scribed  as  to  texture,  sedimentary  structure,  color, 
and  fossil  and  mineral  contents.  The  procedure  is 
the  same  as  with  argillites. 

f1.  Organic  limestones. — If  organic  fragments  are 
present,  the  limestone  may  be  called  organic.  If 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


21 


organic  fragments  are  invested  by  a  thin  sur¬ 
rounding  coating  of  calcareous  material,  the 
rock  may  be  described  as  an  organic  and  incipi- 
ently  oolitic  rock.  Organic  fragments  should  be 
described  as  to  size,  form,  abundance,  arrange¬ 
ment,  etc.  When  the  organic  fragments  consti¬ 
tute  the  greater  part  of  the  rock  and  consist 
mostly  of  one  class  of  organisms,  this  organism 
determines  the  name  of  the  rock,  as  encrinital 
limestone,  fusulina  limestone,  shell  breccia,  coral 
limestone,  etc. 

f2.  Characteristic  minerals  in  limestones. — Limestones 
containing  grains  of  green  glauconite  are  said 
to  be  glauconitic.  Limestones  or  dolomites  im¬ 
pregnated  with  bituminous  material  are  said  to 
be  bituminous.  Similar  descriptive  names  may 
be  used  for  any  other  mineral  ingredients,  as, 
for  example,  pyritiferous,  gypsiferous  limestones. 

/3.  Texture  and  structure  of  limestones. — A  limestone 
consisting  of  the  finest  calcareous  material  exhib¬ 
iting  no  texture  may  be  called  compact.  In 
some  calcareous  limestone  the  porous  space  has 
been  filled  with  crystalline  calcite.  A  limestone 
of  somewhat  open  texture  is  porous.  If  the  open 
spaces  are  large,  the  rock  is  cavernous.  If  the 
rock  consists  of  distinct  thin  lavers,  it  mav  be 
described  as  laminated. 

/4.  Color  in  limestones. — As  most  colors  in  limestone 
are  faint,  care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  exaggera¬ 
tions  in  color  descriptions.  Some  limestones 
exhibit  uneven  distribution  of  color  throughout 
the  mass,  resulting  in  blotches  or  stains  which 
merit  notice  and  separate  description. 

/3.  Fossils  in  calcareous  limestones  and  marls. — 
These  rocks  should  always  be  examined  for  fos¬ 
sils.  For  the  most  careful  work  it  will  always 
be  found  necessary  to  separate  the  cuttings  into 
lots  of  different  sizes  after  washing  and  drying. 
These  lots  are  then  separately  examined  by  the 
aid  of  a  good  hand  lens.  The  cuttings  should 
be  spread  on  a  black  surface,  barely  covered  with 
water,  and  separated  into  rows  narrow  enough  to 


22 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


be  seen  in  the  field  of  the  hand  lens.  Sufficiently 
strong  light  is  always  desirable  for  this  work. 

Identification  of  Formations. 

% 

CRITERIA  FOR  IDENTIFICATION. 

Interpretations  of  records  must  be  made  usually  from  the  lithologic 
characteristics  of  the  sediments  penetrated.  In  the  wells  discussed  in 
this  paper  only  a  few  formations  have  been  found  to  contain  characteris¬ 
tic  fossils  in  sufficient  abundance  to  enable  the  writer  to  identify  them. 
Where  one  or  two  such  horizons  can  be  identified  the  remaining  part  of 
the  section  may  frequently  be  made  out.  Correct  determinations  of  the 
formations  penetrated  can  be  made  in  many  cases  without  fossils,  espe¬ 
cially  in  localities  where  the  terranes  are  fairly  well  known  from  other 
borings.  For  the  greater  part  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  the  several  forma¬ 
tions  are  well  marked  lithologically,  as  the  structure  is  simple  and  the 
most  of  the  beds  lie  fiat.  With  very  few  exceptions  it  has  been  possible 
to  identify  the  various  formations  in  the  wells  here  discussed.  (See 
Plates  I  to  IV.) 


IDENTIFICATION  BY  FOSSILS. 

INTRODUCTORY  STATEMENT. 

The  principal  horizons  containing  a  sufficient  number  of  fossils  for 
the  purpose  of  identification  are  the  Upper  Devonian  black  shale  (Sweet- 
land  Creek  shale),  Chester  limestone,  and  the  limestone  overlying  coal 
No.  6. 


DEVONIAN  BLACK  SHALE. 

General  description. — In  1898  the  writer  had  occasion  to  examine 
and  describe  a  deposit  of  shale  which  lies  below  the  Pennsylvanian,  in 
Muscatine  County,  Iowa.  It  overlies  unconformably  the  Cedar  Valley 
limestone  in  this  locality  and  its  entire  thickness  is  only  about  40  feet. 
This  shale  is  quite  different  from  any  shale  in  the  “Coal  Measures,”  in 
that  it  is  more  evenly  developed  and  single  layers  of  it  only  a  few  inches 
thick  may  be  traced  for  several  miles. 

The  upper  part  of  the  shale  has  a  greyish-green  color.  Its  lower 
part  is  dark,  and  this  succeeded  by  some  strata  of  dolomitic  limestones 
at  the  base.  These  basal  layers  contain  teeth  of  Ptyctodus  calceolus, 
locally  in  abundance.  The  lower  half  of  the  formation  contains  also 
other  fossils,  such  as: 

Lingula,  sp.  undet. 

L.  cf.  melie  Hall. 

Lingula,  cf.  nuda  Hall. 

Lingula  subspatulata  M.  and  W.  (?) 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OE  STUDY. 


23 


Spathiocaris  emersoni  Clarke. 

Solenocaris  strigata  Meek. 

Ptyctodus  calceolus  M.  and  W. 

Rhynchodus,  cf.  excavatus  Newb. 

Synthetodus. 

Gasteropods.  ' 

There  is  also  present  in  considerable  abundance  the  fossil  known  as 
Sporangites  huronense.  This  fossil  is  supposed  to  be  a  spore  of  some 
paleozoic  plant,  and  consists  of  brown  circular  discs  almost  too  small 
to  be  seen  by  the  unaided  eye.  In  some  layers  it  is  present  in  such 
abundance  as  to  give  the  shale  a  brownish  color.  The  spores  consist  of 
a  bituminous  substance,  and  when  submitted  to  a  distilling  heat  the  shale 
gives  out  a  considerable  amount  of  oil  and  gas.  The  best  exposures  are 
in  the  banks  of  Sweetland  Creek. 

Under  the  Kinderhook  limestone  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  there  are 
some  300  feet  of  shale  overlying  the  Devonian  limestone.  This  shale 
has  usually  been  referred  to  the  Kinderhook  group.  Whether  it  is  differ¬ 
ent  from  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale,  one  overlying  the  other  unconform- 
ably,  or  whether  the  two  belong  to  the  same  formation  is  at  present  an 
undetermined  question.  The  lower  part  of  the  shale  at  Muscatine  was 
referred  to  the  Chemung  by  Prof.  Hall  long  ago,  and  its  fish  and  crus- 
tacean  fauna  support  this  view. 

During  the  progress  of  this  study,  the  writer  has  found  in  several 
wells  a  shale  resembling  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale.  Its  identification 
with  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale  is  believed  to  be  sufficiently  certain.  It 
is  based  upon  the  similarity  in  texture  and  general  appearance  of  both 
shales,  on  the  presence  in  both  of  Sporangites  huronense,  on  the  presence 
in  both  of  certain  fossil  fragments  resembling  denticles  of  annelids,  and 
on  the  presence  in  some  well  samples  of  a  Lingula.  The  formation 
varies  in  thickness  from  less  than  100  to  300  feet,  owing,  no  doubt,  to* 
the  presence  of  an  unconformity.  (See  Plates  I  and  II.)  The  observa¬ 
tions  made  on  this  shale  in  the  several  wells  are  as  follows : 

Galesburg  City  Well  No.  3. — In  the  Galesburg  city  well  No.  3, 
drilled  in  1906,  a  light  gray  shale  underlay  the  “Coal  Measures”  at  a 
depth  of  245  feet  below  the  surface.  With  this  shale  were  some  pieces  of 
white  chert  evidently  from  a  remnant  of  the  Burlington  limestone  above. 
More  shale  was  taken  from  330  feet  below  the  surface.  This  was  labeled 
“brown  shale.”  It  contained  well-preserved  Sporangites  in  abundance* 
When  crushed  by  the  drill  these  no  doubt  gave  a  brown  color  to  the  shale, 
that  otherwise  was  gray.  The  next  sample  below  this  was  from  380  feet 
below  the  surface  and  consisted  of  a  soft,  shaly  limestone,  probably 
Devonian.  The  shale  at  this  place  may  be  100  feet  thick. 

The  Old  Monmouth  City  Well. — In  the  well  drilled  in  1887  at  410 
North  Sixth  Street,  in  the  city  of  Monmouth,  a  greenish-gray  shale,  no 


24 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


doubt  equivalent  to  the  Kinderhook  shale  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  extends 
from  168  to  299  feet  below  the  surface.  Under  this  there  is  a  dark  gray 
shale  extending  down  to  427  feet  below  the  surface.  From  this  bed 
nineteen  samples  were  taken  about  five  feet  apart,  and  in  more  than  half 
Sporangites  huronense  is  present.  Some  annelid  denticles  were  also 
observed  in  one  sample  taken,  313  feet  below  the  surface.  The  total 
thickness  of  the  two  shales  is  261  feet. 

Henry  City  Well. — From  the  old  city  well  at  Henry,  Marshall 
County,  drilled  in  1886,  one  sample  of  drilling  was  taken  representing 
the  strata  from  325  to  402  feet  below  the  surface.  A  part  of  this  sample 
consists  of  shale  belonging  to  the  “Coal  Measures”  which  in  this  well 
extends  from  130  to  325  feet  below  the  surface.  This  is  mostly  white, 
finely  granular  limestone,  probably  Devonian. 

Schuyler  Oil  and  Gas  Company's  Well. — This  well  was  made  in 
1909  on  a  farm  belonging  to  Mr.  W.  B.  Manlove  in  Birmingham  Town¬ 
ship,  Schu}der  County,  about  four  miles  southeast  of  Plymouth.  The 
Mississippian  limestones  in  this  boring  continue  down  to  240  feet  below 
the  surface  and  are  underlain  by  450  feet  of  shale.  The  descriptions 
of  the  samples  from  246  to  683  feet  below  the  surface  are  as  follows: 

Partial  record  of  Schuyler  Oil  and  Gas  Co.'s  well,  near  Plymouth,  Illinois. 

Depth 


Description  of  rocks  penetrated.  in  feet. 

Light  shale,  with  fragments  of  limestone .  246 

Light  blue  shale,  with  much  pyrite  in  small  crystals.  Fragments  of  calcareous 

limestone  frequent  .  280 

Light  blue  shale,  with  pyrite  and  calcareous  fragments .  292 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale,  with  pyrite  .  295 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale,  with  only  infrequent  crystals  of  pyrite .  302 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale.  No  pyrite  noted .  302 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale .  310 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale .  320 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  poorly  preserved  specimens  of  Sporangites  occurring 

sparsely  .  330 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  Sporangites .  340 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  poorly  preserved  specimens  of  Sporangites .  345 

Gray  shale,  faintly  micaceous,  with  Sporangites .  355 

Gray  shale,  with  abundant  Sporangites  and  occasional  crystals  of  pyrite.  ...  365 

Gray  shale,  with  Sporangites  poorly  preserved .  400 

Light  gray  shale,  micaceous  with  comparatively  thick  specimens  of  Spor¬ 
angites,  and  shapeless  fragments  of  resinous  material  which  appear  to  be 
shreds  of  Sporangites . 415 


Shale,  almost  black,  showing  reflections  of  minute  scales  of  mica.  A  highly 
bituminous  rock  which  burns  for  a  few  minutes  after  it  has  been 
thoroughly  ignited.  On  the  split  surfaces  of  some  large  fragments  several 
small  specimens  of  Lingula  were  noted,  about  one  millimeter  in  diameter. 

The  distance  from  the  umbo  to  the  ventral  margin  of  the  valves  was 
slightly  greater  than  the  transverse  distance.  Faint  lines  radiated  from 
the  umbo  and  distinct  concentric  lines  of  growth  were  seen.  Irregular 
minute  tubercles  appear  on  the  outer  part  of  the  valves.  This  black  shale 
appears  as  a  yellow  translucent  mass  in  transmitted  light  under  the  lens.  .  511 

A  highly  bituminous  limestone,  most  of  which  effervesces  brickly  with  acid. 

Some  efferesces  hardly  at  all.  Some  of  the  sample  is  crystalline  calcite. 

Some  bituminous  fragments  burn,  when  ignited,  for  a  few  seconds.  The 
label  on  the  sample  was  blurred,  5?1,  but  its  highly  bituminous  character 
makes  it  probable  that  it  is  from  about  the  same  depth  as  the  previous 


sample.  Near  (?) .  511 

Green  clay  shale,  not  effervescing  in  acid .  600 

Greenish-gray  shale  of  very  fine  plastic  texture,  effervescing  slightly  with 

acid,  containing  a  valve  of  an  Estheria?  Label  indistinct;  680  or  683....  683 


Under  this  lay  270  feet  of  limestone,  probably  partly  of  Devonian 
and  partly  of  Trenton  age. 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


25 


The  Peoria  Glen  Oak  Park  Well. — This  well  record  shows  150  feet 
of  drift,  250  feet  of  “Coal-Measure,”  .125  feet  of  Mississippian  lime¬ 
stone,  and  under  this  195  feet  of  shale,  of  which  at  least  the  lower  70 
feet  are  to  be  correlated  with  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale.  This  rests  on 
calcareous  limestone  believed  to  be  of  Devonian  age.  The  samples  exam¬ 
ined  were  as  below: 

Partial  record  of  Glen  Oak  Park  well ,  Peoria,  III. 

Depth  below 
surface  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Greenish  gray  shale  with  fragments  of  sponge  spicules.  Some  frag¬ 
ment  of  a  bluish  translucent  rock  show  a  network  of  embedded 


spicules  (Kinderhook)  .  525  590 

Gray,  slightly  micaceous  shale  with  crystals  of  pyrite  and  indistinct 

specimens  of  Sporangites  liuronense  .  590  650 

Like  the  preceding,  with  frequent  specimens  of  Sporangites  huronense  650  720 


The  K.  and  E.  Young  well  No.  29,  Clark  County. — From  the  depth 
of  1205  feet  to  1210  feet  in  this  well  a  black  bituminous  shale  was  noted, 
which  the  writer  believes  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the  Sweetland  Creek 
shale.  It  was  represented  by  a  single  fragment  in  a  sample  which  other¬ 
wise  consisted  of  limestone,  and  had  without  doubt  come  from  a  stratum 
some  distance  higher  up  in  the  well. 

Lulu  Shover  well  No.  1,  Clark  County. — The  sample  representing 
the  part  of  this  well  from  1600  to  1690  feet  consists  of  a  highly  bitu¬ 
minous  shale  of  the  characteristic  appearance  of  the  Sweetland  Creek 
shale,  and  it  contains  readily  recognizable  spores  identified  as  Sporan¬ 
gites  huronense. 

CHESTER  FORMATION. 

In  some  of  the  Chester  formation  Pentremites  exists  in  such  num¬ 
bers  that  recognizable  fragments  of  this  fossil  may  come  up  with  the 
drillings.  Such  was  the  case  in  the  Illinois  Coal  and  Coke  Company’s 
well  at  St.  Johns  in  Perry  County,  where  this  fossil  was  found  at  1100 
and  again  at  1300  feet  below  the  surface  in  association  with  fragments 
of  Archimedes. 

LIMESTONE  ABOVE  COAL  NO.  6. 

The  limestone  above  coal  No.  6  is  a  remarkably  persistent  feature 
in  the  “Coal  Measures”  throughout  the  State.  This  limestone  measures 
from  less  than  100  to  600  feet  in  thickness.  It  varies  in  composition 
from  a  black,  marly  shale  to  a  'hard,  white  limestone.  In  the  wells  which 
penetrate  this  limestone  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  it  was  possible 
to  identify  the  rock  in  one-half  of  the  number  by  the  presence  of  frag¬ 
ments  of  Fusulina  cylindrica.  In  its  outcrops  in  the  northern  and 
western  part  of  the  State  this  limestone  invariably  contains  the  fossil 
in  such  abundance  that  it  usually  can  be  found  in  every  cubic  inch  of 


26 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


the  rock.  It  is  believed  that  this  fossil  has  a  vertical  distribution  of  less 
than  20  feet  in  the  entire  section  of  the  “Coal  Measures”  in  Illinois.  In 
no  well  has  the  fossil  been  observed  at  more  than  one  horizon.  It  can 
usually  be  found  most  readily  in  those  sizes  of  drillings  which  measure 
from  one-fourth  of  a  millimeter  to  two  millimeters  in  diameter.  The 
fragments  have  almost  invariably  a  dull,  brownish-yellow  colour  on  clean 
fractures,  and  they  are  readily  identified  by  the  internal  structure  pecu¬ 
liar  to  the  fossil.  Associated  with  this  Fusilina  are  almost  always  to 
be  found  fragments  of  Rliombopora  lepidodendroides,  some  peculiarly 
tuberculated  pinnules  of  a  crinoid,  and  sometimes  entire  shells  of 
Endothyra.  Most  of  the  crinoid  pinnules  are  less  than  a  millimeter  in 
length  and  have  the  general  shape  of  a  phalangeal  bone  of  the  human 
hand,  possessing  a  longitudinal  groove  on  one  side,  the  opposite  side 
being  ornamented  with  exceedingly  minute  tubercles  arranged  according 
to  a  characteristic  pattern.  Fusilina  seems  to  be  particularly  abundant 
in  this  limestone  in  the  well  in  Marion  County.  In  the  oil  fields  of 
Crawford  and  Lawrence  counties  it  is  less  common  and  does  not  always 
appear  in  drillings  taken  at  intervals  of  five  feet. 

OTHER  FOSSIL-BEARING  FORMATIONS. 

Besides  these  horizons  which  are  characterized  by  the  persistent 
recurrence  of  identifiable  fossils,  two  other  horizons  may  be  mentioned 
m  which  characteristic  fossils  are  more  or  less  fortuitous.  One  of  these 
is  the  St.  Louis  limestone,  in  which  in  a  few  wells  very  minute  spines  of 
echinoids  occasionally  may  be  found.  These  spines  are  usually  so  small 
that  they  can  hardly  be  seen  with  a  hand  lens.  Several  specimens  show¬ 
ing  the  sockets  and  lower  ends  of  the  spines  have  been  noted.  No  doubt 
such  spines  may  be  found  in  other  formations,  but  in  the  well  samples 
of  this  State,  none  have  thus  far  been  noted  except  in  the  St.  Louis 
formation. 

In  the  upper  “Coal  Measures,”  that  is,  in  that  part  lying  above 
coal  Xo.  6  some  of  the  dark  and  grey  shales  contain  shells  of  an  Ammo- 
discus  in  sufficient  numbers  to  be  observed.  This  shell  is  also  found  in 
similar  shales  above  coal  No.  5,  but  it  appears  to  be  more  abundant  and 
larger  in  the  upper  part  of  the  “Coal  Measures.”  It  may  be  added  that 
joints  of  crinoid  stems  are  profuse  in  much  of  the  limestone  of  the  Mis- 
sissippian  series  and  quite  abundant  in  the  limestones  of  the  “Coal 
Measures.”  They  are  also  frequently  found  in  some  samples  from  the 
earlier  Paleozoic,  as  far  down  as  the  base  of  the  Trenton.  Bryozoa  are 
abundant  in  the  Warsaw  of  the  Mississippian.  They  are  noted  in  places 
in  the  Devonian  and  seldom  absent  from  calcareous  horizons  in  the 
Cincinnatian. 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OE  STUDY. 


27 


IDENTIFICATION  BY  PHYSICAL  CHARACTERS. 

ENUMERATION  OF  PHYSICAL  CHARACTERS. 

The  physical  characters  which  may  serve  to  identify  the  various 
formations  and  horizons  in  the  wells  of  this  State  are  color,  texture,  and 
composition. 

CHARACTERISTIC  COLORS. 

Some  colors  are  characteristic  of  certain  formations.  Beginning 
with  the  lowest  part  of  the  geological  column  for  this  State,  we  find 
that  the  Potsdam  sandstone  with  its  associated  shales  is  composed  largely 
of  red  sandstone  and  some  red  shale.  The  red  Potsdam  sandstone  is  in 
some  places  a  pinkish-red.  The  color  seems  to  be  inherent  in  the  quartz 
itself  to  some  extent.  In  part  it  is  due  to  a  coating  of  ocher  on  the 
surface  of  the  grains.  Above  and  below  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  a  few 
feet  of  shale  are  commonly  present.  This  may  be  red,  white,  blue,  or 
grey.  The  limestone  of  the  Kinderhook  is  characterized,  at  least  in  the 
western  part  of  the  State,  by  a  pinkish-red  tint. 

In  the  Chester  formation  blue  shales  alternate  with  red  shales 
throughout  the  entire  formation.  Many  of  the  red  shales  have  a  purple 
tint  shading  into  green  or  blue.  The  sandy  fire  clay,  which  is  nearly 
always  present  hear  the  base  of  the  Pennsylvanian  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State,  is  red  in  spots  or  streaks.  Another  horizon  characterized 
by  red  shale  lies  between  coal  No.  6  and  coal  No.  7.  This  red  shale  is 
evidently  not  very  thick  and  is  locally  absent.  In  the  southwestern  part 
of  the  State  it  is  characterized  in  some  places  by  hard  shaly  fragments 
which  possess  very  thin  and  trenchantly  marked  laminations  of  red,  dark 
grey,  and  light  materials.  At  a  level  of  some  300  or  400  feet  above  this 
coal  red  shale  has  in  many  places  been  found. 

Dark,  almost  black,  colors  are  to  be  noted  in  most  shales  that  overlie 
coals  or  occupy  coal  horizons,  but  in  the  Pennsylvanian  series  of  strata 
the  variations  from  shale  to  fine  silt  and  fine  sandstone  are  so  common 
that  no  level  can  be  distinguished  as  being  especially  characterized  by 
the  presence  of  dark  shales.  A  part  of  the  Chester  shales  are  dark, 
and  the  shales  of  the  Upper  Devonian,  as  observed  in  the  central  and 
northern  part  of  the  State,  are  almost  black  shales.  A  dark  grey,  dirty, 
or  even  black  color  also  characterizes  the  lower  part  of  the  Cincinnatian 
shale  where  it  is  more  or  less  bituminous. 

Limestones  are  mostly  white  or  grey.  The  Trenton  is  usually  grey 
or  light  grey.  The  Galena  formation  is  generally  a  faint  straw-color,  or 
light  grey  with  a  tint  of  yellow.  The  Niagara  is  mostly  dull  grey  in  its 
lower  part,  but  in  its  upper  200  feet  it  may  be  yellow  or  pure  white. 
Most  of  the  Mississippian  limestones  are  white  or  grey,  in  a  few  places 
yellow.  In  the  St.  Louis  limestones  have  been  found  a  few  fragments 


28 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


which  have  a  peculiar  and  characteristic  salmon-red  color.  This  color 
is  so  different  from  any  shade  of  red  in  the  other  limestones  of  this 
State,  that  it  alone  would  almost  be  sufficient  to  identify  these  forma¬ 
tions.  Few  fragments  of  this  color  are  found  in  well  samples,  because 
they  occur  only  in  nests  in  the  otherwise  grey  limestones. 

The  pink  color  of  the  Kinderhook  limestone  has  already  been  noted. 
The  limestones  of  .  the  Pennsylvanian  are  quite  variable  in  their  shades, 
but  they  vary  mostly  between  white  and  black.  Black  and  color  in  these 
rocks  is  due  mostly  to  the  presence  of  bituminous  matter,  locally  to  the 
presence  of  pyrite.  In  the  Mississippian  limestones,  as  well  as  those  of 
Pennsylvanian  age,  fragments  of  an  intensely  green  mineral  are  seen  in 
places.  Such  grains  have  not  been  observed  in  the  Silurian  and  Ordovi¬ 
cian  limestones.  The  Lower  Ordovician  limestone  especially  the  lime¬ 
stone  lying  a  few  hundred  feet  below  the  St.  Peter  sandstone,  is  com¬ 
monly  greenish  from  the  presence  of  grains  of  glauconite. 

> 

CHARACTERISTIC  TEXTURES. 

Texture  in  sandstones. — In  Illinois  the  texture  of  the  Potsdam  sand¬ 
stone  as  shown  from  well  samples,  is  quite  variable,  but  coarse  texture 
is  less  common  in  this  group  than  is  fine  texture.  In  comparison  with 
the  St.  Peter  sandstone  the  grains  of  the  Potsdam  are  more  angular. 
Large  portions  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  approach  the  limit  of  demarca¬ 
tion  between  sandstone  and  silty  shales.  This  cannot  be  said  of  the  St. 
Peter  sandstone,  nor  of  the  upper  sandstones  lying  in  the  Lower  Mag¬ 
nesian  formation. 

The  Lower  Magnesian  limestone  consists  in  many  places  of  sand 
grains  in  a  calcareous  matrix.  The  sand  grains  are  well  rounded  and 
of  about  the  same  coarseness  as  those  in  the  St.  Peter  sandstone.  The 
proportions  of  sand  grains  and  matrix  vary  so  greatly  that  drillers  fre¬ 
quently  report  sandstone  beds  in  the  limestone. 

The  St.  Peter  sandstone  is  coarse  grained,  the  grains  ranging  from 
one  to  one-eighth  millimeter  in  diameter.  An  invariable  characteristic 
of  the  sandstone,  so  far  as  it  has  been  observed  in  the  well  samples,  is 
that  its  constituent  grains  are  greatly  worn,  rounded,  and  polished.  This 
feature  also  characterizes  the  sandstones  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Lower 
Magnesian  limestones.  Another  characteristic  of  the  St.  Peter  sandstone 
is  its  freedom  from  foreign  material.  It  will  be  recalled  that  this  feature 
renders  it  suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  glass. 

The  sandstones  of  the  Mississippian  series  are,  as  a  rule,  of  slightly 
finer  texture  than  the  Ordovician  sandstones.  Some  of  the  Mississippian 
sandstones  are  also  quite  pure.  In  this  series  are  also  many  limestones 
that  contain  embedded  grains  of  quartz  sand. 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


29 


The  Pennsylvanian  sandstones  in  this  State  can  usually  be  recog¬ 
nized  by  the  angularity  of  their  sand  grains.  The  finer  sandstones  may 
frequently  be  recognized  by  the  presence  of  a  small  ingredient  of  mica 
scales.  Examined  under  a  microscope  the  Pennsylvanian  sandstones 
are  seen  to  contain  a  few  reddish  and  greenish  grains  and  some  grains 
of  a  dull-white  color. 

Some  sandstones  contain  grains  that  have  been  enlarged  by  the 
crystallization  of  silica  on  their  original  surfaces. 

In  the  terranes  here  explored  enlarged  sand  grains  are  common  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  and  in  the  basal  sandstones 
of  the  Pennsylvanian.  Judging  from  a  great  number  of  observations  on 
well  samples  it  appears  to  the  writer  that  such  secondary  growth  is 
characteristic  of  basal  sands  overlying  an  unconformity.  It  is  frequently 
to  be  noted  in  the  basal  sands  of  the  Cretaceous  of  the  West,  as  well  as 
in  the  basal  sands  of  the  Pennsylvanian. 

Texture  in  shales. — In  texture,  the  shales  and  clays  can  hardly  be 
said  to  present  any  characteristics  peculiar  to  different  formations.  The 
Potsdam  shales  vary  from  the  finest  material  to  fine  sand,  and  may  or 
may  not  be  micaceous.  The  shales  lying  above  and  below  the  St.  Peter 
sandstone  are  also,  so  far  as  observed,  of  exceedingly  fine  texture,  being 
plastic  clays,  rather  than  shales.  The  shales  of  the  upper  Devonian  may 
be  characterized  as  having  an  exceptionally  uniform,  fine  texture,  and 
as  containing  but  little  micaceous  material.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
the  shales  of  the  Mississippian  series.  In  the  Pennsylvanian  series  the 
argillites  vary  between  all  extremes.  The  fire  clays  may  be  composed 
of  the  finest  material  or  may  be  almost  sand.  The  black  shales  over- 
lying  the  coals  do  not  show  much  mica.  The  sandy  shales  of  the  series 
are  almost  invariably  micaceous  and  much  of  the  material  is  so  near  the 
limit  between  fine  sand  and  shale  that  it  is  sometimes  reported  as  sand 
and  sometimes  as  shale  by  the  drillers.  * 

Texture  in  limestones. — The  most  common  distinction  noted  in  the 
limestones  in  the  northern  half  of  Illinois  is  that  between  calcareous 
and  dolomitic.  A  fairly  constant  stratigraphic  level  separates  the 
dolomitic  from  the  calcareous  formations  in  the  upper  Mississippi  valley. 
This  level  is  the  top  of  the  Niagaran.  With  the  exception  of  the  Tren¬ 
ton,  all  the  Silurian,  Ordovician,  and  Cambrian  limestones  are  magnesian, 
whereas  the  Devonian,  Mississippian,  and  Pennsylvanian  are  in  most 
places  calcareous.  Some  strata  in  the  Mississippian  are  dolomitic,  and 
very  rarely  a  few  feet  of  dolomitic  limestone  are  present  in  the  Penn¬ 
sylvanian  series. 


i 


30 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


In  the  southern  part  of  the  State  the  process  of  dolomitization  of 
the  pre-Carboniferous  limestones  probably  has  not  been  the  same  as 
that  farther  north. 

When  sections  are  examined  under  the  microscope  all  dolomites 
show  a  granular  structure  as  they  consist  of  minute  crystals  of  dolomite. 
The  size  of  these  crystals  is  quite  variable,  ranging  in  the  rocks  here 
studied  from  nearly  one-half  millimeter  in  diameter  to  near  the  limit 
of  visibility  by  a  one-fourth  inch  objective.  In  the  pre-Devonian  rocks 
of  Illinois  there  are  two  formations  in  which  coarse  dolomitic  limestones 
are  quite  common:  the  Niagaran,  especially  its  upper  half,  and  the 
Galena.  Usually  fine-grained  strata  alternate  with  coarser  strata,  the 
changes  being  from  ten  to  fifty  feet  apart.  The  dolomitic  limestones  in 
the  Mississippian  and  in  the  Devonian  series  are,  so  far  as  observed,  of 
fine  texture. 

Limestones  which  have  not  been  changed  to  dolomites  present  a 
great  variety  of  textures.  They  range  between  two  extremes :  those  com¬ 
posed  of  impalpable  calcareous  material  too  fine  to  show  any  texture,  and 
those  composed  almost  wholly  of  calcareous  particles,  either  of  organic 
or  of  mechanical  origin.  Most  calcareous  limestones  are  mixtures  of  the 
coarse  and  fine  ingredients.  By  far  the  larger  part  of  all  calcareous  lime¬ 
stones  in  the  formations  here  explored  consist  of  organic  material.  Such 
is  the  Trenton  limestone,  the  lower  part  of  which  is  composed  almost 
entirely  of  fragments  of  shells,  poorly  cemented  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  State.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  State  the  Trenton  contains  finer 
calcareous  material  and  is  decidedly  laminated,  so  that  under  the  impact 
of  the  drill  it  generally  breaks  into  thin,  and  more  or  less  flat,  pieces. 
The  Burlington  limestone  is  characterized  by  a  profusion  of  crinoidal 
fragments,  mostly  joints  of  stems,  that  are  composed  of  calcite  which 
appears  in  the  drillings  largely  as  cleavage  fragments. 

Calcareous  limestone  of  the  finest,  most  compact  texture,  and  con¬ 
taining  scarcely  any  noticeable  larger  fragments  is  common  in  the  St. 
Louis  and  in  some  parts  of  the  Devonian.  Rock  of  this  kind  is  also 
occasionally  to  be  noted  in  the  Pennsylvanian  and  in  the  Chester. 

Oolitic  limestone  characterizes  the  upper  and  lower  parts  of  the 
St.  Louis  limestone,  is  rarely  absent  from  the  Kinderhook,  and  is  also 
present  in  the  Chester.  The  dolomitic,  and  sometimes  chert-bearing, 
limestone  in  the  Lower  Magnesian  also  contains  oolitic  strata  in  some 
places  and  this  structure  appears  in  some  of  the  cherts.  The  Chester 
oolites  differ  from  most  others  in  containing  worn  organic  fragments, 
mingled  in  all  gradations  with  oolitic  spherules.  The  latter  may  have 
perfect  shape  or  may  be  rounded,  elongated,  and  flattened  oolitic  bodies 
containing  central  organic  fragments.  Many  of  the  organic  fragments 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


31 


are  well  rounded  and  are  covered  with  a  calcareous  coating  which,  no 
doubt,  is  of  the  same  origin  as  the  incrusting  concentric  layers  of  the 
oolitic  spherules. 


CHARACTERISTIC  COMPONENTS. 

Chert  and  flint. — Chert  and  flint  are  recognized  by  the  smooth  con- 
choidal  fracture  of  their  fragments  and  by  their  sharp  and  smooth  edges 
as  well  as  by  the  usually  greater  translucency  of  flint  when  compared 
with  limestone.  Pure  flint  is  not  affected  by  acid,  but  chert  commonly 
contains  calcareous  material  and  must  then  be  identified  by  its  hardness. 
Occasionally  samples  from  a  formation  will  consist  mainly  of  chert,  but 
this  happens  only  when  samples  are  taken  while  the  drill  is  working 
on  some  thin  chert  layer.  Usually  the  chert  and  flint  are  present  only  in 
small  quantity  in  limestone  cuttings. 

In  the  terranes  of  the  northern  part  of  the  State  flint  and  chert 
characterizes  two  horizons.  They  are  almost  invariably  present  in  the 
drillings  from  the  Burlington  limestone,  where  they  are  so  abundant  in 
some  places  as  to  make  up  the  larger  part  of  the  drillings.  In  the 
Niagara  also  some  chert  is  nearly  always  found.  Along  the  Mississippi 
it  is  evidently  most  abundant  in  the  lower  part  of  the  formation.  In 
some  other  limestones  chert  occurs  with  less  regularity.  It  has  been 
noted  in  the  limestones  of  the  Lower  Magnesian,  Galena,  Devonian, 
St.  Louis,  and  the  Chester.  Concretionary  quartz  is  found  at  places  in 
the  Devonian  limestone.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  State  this  material 
is  quite  unlike  flint  in  texture.  It  is  exceptionally  tough  and  is  more 
translucent  than  flint,  somewhat  resembling  agate  or  chalcedony  in  gen¬ 
eral  appearance.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  State  the  Devonian  con¬ 
tains  much  chert.  The  Pennsylvanian  limestones  have  not  been  found 
to  contain  chert  or  flint  in  any  samples  examined. 

Glauconite. — Glauconite,  consisting  of  dark  green  grains  which  are 
softer  than  limestone,  is  characteristic  of  the  lower  part  of  the  Lower 
Magnesian  limestones.  In  the  upper  200  or  300  feet  glauconite  has  not 
been  observed  in  any  of  the  samples  examined. 

Pyrite. — Pyrite,  which  is  present  in  small  quantities  in  all  forma¬ 
tions,  is  abundant  at  the  contact  of  the  Mississippian  and  the  “Coal 
Measures”  in  some  places,  and  also  near  the  base  of  the  Upper  Devonian 
black  shale. 

Identification  by  Gross  Stratigraphic  Features. 

(see  PLATES  I  TO  IY. ) 

The  Lower  Cambrian  system,  so  far  as  examined  in  this  State,  con¬ 
sists  of  sandstones  and  shales,  some  portions  being  red.  Most  of  the  red 


32 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


sands  are  fine  textured.  The  thickness  of  the  shale  beds  is  usually  less 
than  50  feet,  and  contain  in  their  upper  portion  some  beds  of  sand  or 
sandy  limestone. 

The  St.  Peter  is  a  sandstone  from  100  to  200  feet  thick  locally 
including  some  soft  shale  above  or  below  or  at  both  horizons. 

The  Trenton  in  the  northern  two-thirds  of  the  State  is  a  thin- 
bedded,  usually  calcareous,  limestone  about  100  feet  thick.  In  well 
drillings  it  is  usually  not  to  be  sharply  differentiated  from  the  overlying 
Galena  limestone. 

The  Galena  limestone  is  dolomitic,  but  otherwise  like  the  Trenton, 
with  which  it  makes  a  single  limestone  terrane  some  400  feet  thick.  It 
is  usually  water  bearing. 

The  Cincinnatian  is  a  shale  commonly  containing  considerable  cal¬ 
careous  material  and  some  limestone.  It  ranges  in  thickness  from  less 
than  100  feet  to  more  than  200  feet. 

The  Niagara  (Silurian)  is  a  limestone  which  may  be  entirely  absent 
or  have  a  thickness  of  400  or  500  feet.  It  is  separated  from  the  overlying 
Devonian  by  an  unconformity. . 

The  Devonian  consists  of  two  main  divisions:  (1)  At  the  bottom 
limestones,  which  may  be  absent  or  attain  a  thickness  of  150  feet  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  but  have  a  possible  thickness  of  1,500  feet  or 
more  in  the  southern  part;  (2)  shale  locally  absent  or  varying  from  200  to 
300  feet.  It  is  not  yet  known  whether  this  shale  is  separated  from  the 
overlying  Kinderhook  shale  by  an  unconformity.  The  two  appear  in 
some  well  records  as  one  continuous  shale  formation  more  than  400  feet 
thick. 

The  lower  portion  of  the  Kinderhook  consists  of  the  shale  just  men¬ 
tioned.  Its  upper  part  consists  of  limestone  and  some  shale  or  shaly 
limestone.  The  thickness  of  the  formation  cannot  be  definitely  deter¬ 
mined  from  deep  borings.  It  is  probably  less  than  50  feet  thick  in 
imny  places  and  never  much  more  than  100  feet  thick. 

The  Burlington  limestone  possesses  a  fairly  uniform  texture.  It  is 
probably  everywhere  less  than  100  feet  thick. 

The  St.  Louis  (including  the  Keokuk,  Warsaw,  Salem,  St.  Louis 
proper,  and  Ste.  Genevieve)  is  a  variable  succession  of  limestones  and 
shales  about  600  feet  thick.  Its  upper  part  usually  contains  a  continu¬ 
ous  bed  of  limestone  250  feet  thick. 

The  Chester  is  a  variable  succession  of  sandstone,  limestone,  and 
grey,  green,  and  red  shales,  comprising  a  total  thickness  of  about  600 
feet. 

The  Pottsville  consists  of  less  than  100  to  300  or  400  feet  of  sand¬ 
stones  and  shales.  The  shales  are  characterized  more  or  less  by  thin, 


PURPOSES  AND  METHODS  OF  STUDY. 


33 


grey,  and  almost  black,  laminations  many  of  which  are  less  than  one- 
fiftieth  of  an  inch  thick.  Some  thin  coal  seams  exist  in  the  formation. 

The  Pennsylvanian  may  be  absent  or  may  include  sandstone,  shale, 
limestone,  marl,  fire  clay,  and  coal  which  merge  into  one  another  at 
short  distances.  The  thickest  sandstones  lie  in  its  lower  200  feet,  and 
most  of  the  limestone  is  above  these  sandstones.  The  general  character 
of  the  Pennsylvanian  sediments  in  the  oil  fields  in  southeastern  Illinois 
has  been  determined  by  a  study  of  samples  from  the  following  nine  wells : 

Crawford  County — 

O.  P.  Edwards,  No.  15. 

J.  M.  Drake,  No.  23. 

J.  C.  Wilson,  No.  21. 

M.  Shiltz,  No.  7. 

C.  F.  Curtis,  No.  8. 

C.  T.  Cochran,  No.  9. 

C.  E.  Siler,  No.  4. 

L.  R.  Newlin,  No.  22. 

Lawrence  County — 

W.  B.  Gray,  No.  2. 

Note  was  taken  of  the  thickness  of  each  separate  bed  penetrated  in 
these  wells,  as  near  as  it  could  be  determined  from  the  drillings  exam¬ 
ined.  The  sediments  were  classified  as  sandstone,  shale,  limestone,  coal, 
fire  clay,  and  "clod.”  By  the  latter  term  were  designated  such  cal¬ 
careous  layers  or  clayey  limestones  as  lie  immediately  above  some  coal 
beds.  The  number  of  beds  falling  between  certain  indicated  limits  of 
thickness  was  ascertained  separately  for  that  part  of  the  Pennsylvanian 
(McLeansboro)  which  lies  above  coal  No.  6,  and  for  the  part  lying  below 
this  coal  (Carbondale  and  Pottsville).  It  will.be  seen  that  most  of  the 
distinguishable  beds  penetrated  are  less  than  10  feet  thick  in  both  parts 
of  the  section.  No  beds  of  coal,  fire  clay,  or  "clod”  measured  more  than 
five  feet.  Most  of  the  beds  measuring  50  feet  and  more  are  shale,  only 
six  sandstones  having  this  thickness.  Limestones  are  decidedly  fewer 
and  thinner  in  the  lower  part  of  the  section  than  in  its  upper  portion. 


The  number  and  thickness  of  Pennsylvanian  strata  above  coal  No.  6. 


34 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


The  number  and  thickness  of  Pennsylvanian  strata  below  coal  No.  6. 


Limits  of  thickness  in  feet. 


Kind  of  rock. 


Sandstone 

Shale . 

Limestone 

Coal . 

Fire  clay . . 
“Clod” . 


Total 


Taking  the  same  measurements  and  averaging  them  for  the  different 
rocks  in  the  two  divisions  we  find  the  average  thickness  of  the  different 
kinds  of  sediments  to  be  as  indicated  below.  The  measurements  of  the 
coals  are,  of  course  only  estimates. 

s 


Table  showing  the  average  thickness,  in  feet,  of  the  Pennsylvanian  strata 

above  and  below  coal  No.  6. 


Kind  of  rock. 

Above  coal 
No.  6. 

Below  Coal 
No.  6. 

Shale . 

22.5 

24.6 

Sandstone . 

21.1 

16.7 

Limestone . 

7.5 

4.3 

Fire  clay . 

4.6 

5.6 

“Clod” . . 

4.7 

5.2 

Coal . 

1.5 

1.2 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  limestones  and  shales  are  slightly  thicker  in 
the  upper  division,  and  the  sandstones  in  the  lower  division.  The  rela¬ 
tive  importance  of  the  different  rocks  in  each  of  the  two  divisions  of  the 
Pennsylvanian  may  also  be  determined  from  the  same  measurements  with 
a  fair  accuracy  by  simply  recording  in  percentages  the  number  of  feet  of 
each  kind  of  rock  penetrated  by  the  drill.  These  percentages  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 


The  percentages  of  various  Pennsylvanian  strata  above  and  below  coal  No.  6. 


Kind  of  rock. 

Above  coal 
No.  6. 

Below  coal 
No.  6. 

In  both 
divisions. 

Shale  . 

54.7 

71.0 

61.8 

Sandstone . 

33.2 

21.9 

28.5 

Limestone . 

8.5 

1.8 

5.7 

Coal . 

1.4 

2.1 

1.7 

Fire  clay . 

1.4 

1.6 

1.4 

“Clod” . 

.6 

.9 

.7 

This  table  shows  that  sandstone  and  limestone  are  relatively  more 
important  in  the  upper  division  and  shale  in  the  lower  division. 


0-5. 

6-10. 

11-15. 

16-20. 

1 

21-25. 

26-30. 

31-35. 

36-40. 

41-45. 

46-50. 

51-55. 

56-65. 

66-75. 

75-130.  | 

32 

18 

12 

11 

7 

1 

1 

1 

24 

34 

15 

12 

9 

5 

3 

2 

5 

3 

2 

2 

4 

11 

1 

1 

1 

56 

6 

8 

137 

63 

28 

23 

15 

10 

5 

4 

3 

5 

3 

2 

2 

4 

35 


PART  II.— WELL  RECORDS. 


INTRODUCTION. 

On  the  following  pages  are  recorded  observations  made  on  samples 
of  drillings  from  43  wells  in  different  parts  of  the  State  (Plate  I). 
They  have  been  prepared  for  the  nse  of  professional  workers  in  strati¬ 
graphic  problems,  and  for  reference  nse  by  parties  interested  in  data 
near  the  localities  represented.  It  is  hoped  that  these  descriptions  will 
furnish  a  fullness  of  stratigraphic  detail  that  may  prove  of  permanent 
value  to  future  workers  in  the  State.  They  represent  a  part  of  the 
stratigraphic  data  that  have  been  preserved  during  the  extensive  ex¬ 
ploration  of  the  oil-bearing  horizons  in  the  south  part  of  the  State  in 
the  last  decade.  They  can  therefore  never  be  duplicated.  However, 
many  similar  observations  may  be  added  by  future  workers.  They  are 
presented  for  preservation  by  publication  with  about  the  same  object  as 
detailed  observations  are  made,  tabulated,  recorded,  and  published,  by 
workers  in  other  sciences,  as  paleontology  and  astronomy.  Also  the 
publication  of  descriptive  accounts  of  underground  stratigraphic  obser¬ 
vations  is  desirable  because  it  is  often  of  economic  importance  to  local 
business  enterprises.  To  the  general  student  of  geological  literature 
these  pages  are  of  course  of  little  interest,  unless  it  be  in  giving  brief 
notes  expressing  the  observer’s  judgments  and  conclusions  on  the  strati¬ 
graphy  of  the  localities  represented.  Reference  should  be  made  to 
Plates  I  to  IY. 

1.  WELL  OF  ELGIN  WATERWORKS,  ELGIN,  KANE  COUNTY. 

In  1901  and  1903  the  City  of  Elgin  made  four  deep  wells  to  furnish 
the  main  public  water  supply.  These  wells  are  within  600  feet  of  each 
other.  They  are  located  at  the  waterworks  near  the  intersection  of 
Spring  and  Water  streets,  about  one  and  one-fourth  mile  north  of  the 
Elgin  Post  Office.  Three  of  the  wells  are  about  1,350  feet  deep,  and 
the  fourth  about  2,000  feet  deep.  The  principal  water  beds  are  at  depths 
ranging  from  560  to  702  feet  and  from  1,050  to  1,300  feet.  One  well 
has  a  diameter  of  twelve  inches  for  a  depth  of  702  feet  and  another  has 
the  same  diameter  down  to  1,200  feet.  Below  this  the  diameters  are 
eight  inches.  The  elevation  of  the  curbs  above  sea  level  is  742  feet,  and 


36 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


none  of  the  wells  flow,  but  the  original  level  to  which  the  water  rose 
was  not  far  from  the  surface.  The  maximum  yield  of  each  well  by 
pumping  is  500,000  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours. 

Mr.  E.  E.  Parkin,  superintendent  of  the  waterworks,  who  furnished 
the  above  data,  also  records  that  the  strata  penetrated  in  the  four  wells 
were  identical,  and  describes  them  for  two  of  the  wells,  as  below.  He 
has  also  kindly  furnished  the  writer  with  a  set  of  samples  of  the  drillings 
from  one  of  the  wells,  with  labels  indicating  the  part  of  the  section  from 
which  each  sample  w'as  taken.  The  samples  were  submitted  in  1909. 
The  other  data  were  furnished  in  July,  1906. 


Parkin’s  record  of  well  1,300  feet  deep. 


Drift  . 

Limestone  . 

Shale  . 

Niagara  limestone,  dark  . 

Niagara  limestone,  light . 

Niagara  limestone,  brown  .  .  . 

Mixed  shale  . 

Trenton  limestone  . 

Saint  Peter  sandstone  . 

Saint  Peter  sandstone  white 

Lime,  Lower  Magnesian  . 

Lime,  Lower  Magnesian,  hard 

Lime  and  shale,  hard  . 

Sand,  pink  . 

Pink  limestone  . 

Sandstone  . 


Depth 
in  feet. 
39 
65 
115 
185 
325 
409 
485 
560 
640 
702 
750 
850 
880 
950 
.  1,050 

.  1,300 


Parkin’s  record  of  well  2,000  feet  deep. 


Drift  . 

Limestone  . 

Shale  . 

Niagara  limestone,  dark  . 

Niagara  limestone,  light  . 

Niagara  limestone,  brown  . . . 

Mixed  shale  . 

Trenton  limestone  . 

Saint  Peter,  sand,  dark  . 

Saint  Peter,  sand,  white 

Lime,  Lower  Magnesian  . 

Lime,  Lower  Magnesian,  hard 

Lime,  hard,  like  shale  . 

Sand,  pink  stained  . 

Pink  limestone  . 

Sandstone,  dark  . 

Sandy  limestone  . 

Medina  sandstone  . 

Madison  sandstone  . 

Potsdam  sandstone,  dark 

Potsdam,  red  sandstone  . 

Mixed  lime  with  sand  . 


Depth 
in  feet. 
38 
65 
115 
185 
325 
400 
485 
560 
640 
702 
750 
850 
880 
950 
.  1,050 

,  1,350 

.  1,580 

.  1,625 

.  1,645 

.  1,800 
.  1,880 
.  2,000 


Description  of  the  samples  from  the  Elgin  well. 

(Note. — The  writer’s  interpretations  are  indicated  in  italics.) 


Silurian,  Niagaran ,  21  feet. 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  straw-color,  crystalline  and  porous . 

Ordovician,  Cincinnatian,  60  feet. 

Dolomitic  shale,  soft  and  bluish-gray  . . 

Ordovician,  Galena-Trenton,  520  feet. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  coarse  in  texture,  with  some  calcite,  ana 

pyrite,  color  dark,  slightly  bituminous  . 

Limestone,  white  dolomitic,  porous  . •  •  . . 

Limestone,  gray,  dolomitic,  with  fairly  coarse  texture  . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  fine  texture,  bluish  gray  . 


Depth  in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

39 

60 

60 

120 

120 

185 

185 

482 

482 

500 

500 

640 

ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  BULL.  No.  24.  PLATE  I 


Locations  of  deep  wells  studied. 


WELL  RECORDS. 


37 


Description  of  the  samples  from  the  Elgin  Well — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Ordovician,  St.  Peter,  62  feet. 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  .white  .  640  702 

Ordovician,  Oneota,  313  feet. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white  with  a  few  dark  greenish  specks.  Some 

doubtful  oolitic  grains  noted  .  702  750 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  with  chert  and  occasional  sand  grains.  750  880 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  sand  .  880  950 

Sandy  marl,  red,  with  some  green  grains  .  950  1,015 

Cambrian,  Potsdam,  990  feet. 

White  sand,  grains  rounded  and  fairly  coarse,  with  some  chips 
of  green  shale  and  some  bright  green  material  in  small  frag¬ 
ments  .  1,015  1,800 

Sandstone,  fine  grained,  reddish  gray,  grains  visible  under  a  good 

hand  lens  .  1,300  1,350 

White  quartz  sand,  with  some  rounded  grains  and  some  grains 
with  facets  due  to  secondary  growth.  Some  grains  were  held 
in  a  dolomitic  matrix,  which  was  seen  to  contain  green  grains 

of  glauconite  .  1,350  1,580 

Gray  shale,  marly  and  sandy  .  1,580  1,635 

Red  sandstone  .  1,635  1,700 

Coarse  yellow  sand  .  1,700  1,778 

Yellowish  sand,  some  grains  of  a  pink  color,  many  grains  with 

crystal  facets  due  to  secondary  growth  .  1,778  1,880 

Coarse  sandstone,  with  many  grains  of  pink  color,  and  many 
grains  showing  secondary  growth.  Some  glauconite  grains  were 
noted  in  the  cementing  matrix,  and  there  were  small  fragments 

of  a  fine,  red  sandstone  .  1,880  1,980 

Brown,  quite  coarse,  sand,  with  rare  fragments  of  glauconite....  1,980  2,005 


2.  WELL  NO.  3,  CITY  WATERWORKS,  BLUE  ISLAND,  COOK  COUNTY. 


The  city  of  Blue  Island  drilled  the  third  well  for  its  waterworks 

near  the  northeast  corner  of  its  lot,  the  work  beginning  on  June  1, 

1909,  and  being  finished  on  March  3,  1910.  John  W.  Alvord  and 

Charles  H.  Burdick,  hydraulic  engineers  in  Chicago,  took  samples  from 

the  drillings  the  entire  depth  of  the  well.  The  surface  elevation  of  the 

well  is  640.9  feet  above  mean  sea  level,  and  the  static  water  level  at 

the  time  the  well  was  finished  was  469  feet  above  sea  level,  or  172  feet 

below  the  surface.  The  size  of  the  bore  is  as  follows : 

Depth  in  feet.  Diameter 

From.  To.  in  inches. 

0-  69.4  .  20 

69.4-  251.6  .  16 

251.6-  506.1  .  10 

506.8-  985.8  .  8 

985.8- 1579.8  .  6 


The  engineers  in  charge  examined  the  samples  and  have  furnished 
the  following  descriptions  and  determinations  of  the  formations  which 
they  represent.  These,  according  to  the  judgment  of  the  writer,  are 
correct. 


Record  of  well  No.  3,  Blue  Island,  Illinois. 


Thickness 
in  feet. 

Pleistocene,  drift. 

Sand  .  59 

Clay  . 3 

Silurian,  Niagaran. 

Limestone  .  408 

Ordovician,  Hudson  River,  Cincinnatian. 

Shale  . ' . . .  105 

Ordovician,  Galena-Trenton. 

Limestone  .  334 


38 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Record  of  well  No.  3,  Blue  Island,  Illinois — Concluded. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


Ordovician,  St.  Peter. 

Sandstone  .  145 

Ordovician,  Oneota. 

Limestone  .  275 

Limestone,  limestone  and  sandstone,  sandstone  and  “pebbles”  at 

(1440),  and  sandstone  .  136 

Cambrian,  Potsdam. 

Sandstone  .  185 

•  -  ■  -  -  ■  ■ 


1,650 

On  March  9th  a  test  of  the  yield  of  water  was  made  by  the  engineers 
in  charge,  and  it  was  found  that  when  the  well  was  pumped  at  the  rate 
of  306  gallons  per  minute,  and  when  well  No.  1  was  at  the  same  time 
being  pumped  to  supply  the  city,  the  level  of  the  water  in  well  No.  3 
was  lowered  from  186  to  201  feet  in  four  hours. 

An  analysis  of  the  water  from  well  No.  3  was  made  by  the  Dearborn 
Drug  and  Chemical  Works  in  Chicago  and  is  given  as  below: 


Analysis  of  water  from  well  No.  3,  Blue  Island,  Illinois. 
(In  grains  per  U.  S.  gallon  of  231  cubic  inches.) 


Silica  (Si02)  385 

Oxides  of  iron  and  aluminum  (Fe203,  A1203)  . 151 

Carbonate  of  lime  (CaC03)  .  6.416 

Sulphate  of  lime  (CaS04)  .  27.729 

Carbonate  of  magnesium  (MgCOs)  .  7.335 

Sodium  and  potassium  sulphates  (Na2S04  and  K2S04)  . 16.101 

Sodium  and  potassium  chlorides  (NaCl  and  KC1)  . 11.560 

Loss,  etc . 169 


Total  solids  . .  89.846 


Total  incrusting  solids  . 42.016 

Total  non-incrusting  solids  .  27.830 


From  a  blue-print  section  of  the  well  prepared  by  Alvord  and  Bur¬ 
dick  it  appears  that  their  determinations  of  the  geological  formations 
were  made  from  no  less  than  132  samples,  taken  usually  at  intervals  five 
or  ten  feet.  A  set  of  fifty-seven  of  these  samples  was  furnished  the 
writer.  Descriptions  and  determinations  of  these  follow.  It  will  be 
noted  that  there  are  some  discrepancies  between  the  depths  at  which 
some  of  these  samples  are  reported  to  have  come  and  those  given  in  the 
section  bv  Alvord  and  Burdick.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  a  correction 
was  applied  by  the  engineers  to  the  figures  in  the  section,  whereas  the 
depths  marked  on  the  samples  have  been  left  as  first  recorded  by  the 
drillers. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  3,  Blue  Island,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Pleistocene.  Not  represented  in  samples. 

Silurian,  Niagaran. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  of  fine-grained  crystalline  texture,  a  few  fragments 

with  a  greenish  tinge  and  some  black  specks  that  lack  sharp  outlines  75 

Dolomitic  limestone,  like  the  preceding  .  15U 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white  and  grayish  white,  with  rare  fragments  of 

white  chert  . 175 

Dolomitic  limestone,  almost  white,  with  some  fragments  of  a  faint 
greenish  color  .  200 


WELL  RECORDS. 


39 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  3 — Continued. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Silurian,  Niagaran — Concluded. 


Dolomitic  limestone,  moderately  coarsely  crystalline,  quite  porous  ;  bulk 

grayish  white,  some  fragments  faint  purplish,  others  faint  greenish..  250 
Dolomitic  limestone,  white  and  grayish  white  ;  some  compact  and  some 

porous  .  350 

Dolomitic  limestone,  grayish  white,  compact,  with  frequent  fragments 

of  white  chert  .  375 

Dolomitic  limestone,  gray,  compact.  The  gray  aspect  is  due  to  the 

presence  of  microscopic  grains  of  pyrite .  400 

Dolomitic  limestone,  grayish  white,  fairly  compact .  425 

Dolomitic  limestone,  gray,  coarsely  crystalline.  Bright  yellow  pyrite 
noted  . 450 

Ordovician ,  Cincinnatian. 

Shale,  dark  gray,  darkening  and  emitting  faint  bituminous  and  then 
strong  sulphrous  odors  on  heating  in  open  tube.  It  contains  minute 
spherical  grains  of  pyrite  and  black  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material. 

Effervesces  with  acid  .  465 

Shale,  darkish  gray,  calcareous,  with  fragments  of  dark  dolomitic  lime¬ 
stone  that  turns  black  when  heated ;  with  many  crystals  of  selenite 

from  1  to  5  mm.  in  length,  and  much  pyrite  in  minute  crystals .  475 

Shale,  dolomitic,  darkish  gray,  with  fragments  of  dark,  dolomitic  lime¬ 
stone  turning  black  when  heated,  and  with  many  grains  of  pyrite. 

The  apical  whorls  of  a  small  gasteropod  were  noted  and  also  a  cir¬ 
cular  flat  disc  .2  mm.  in  diameter .  500 

Shale,  dark  gray,  dolomitic,  laminated,  with  brown,  stony  material  in 

thin  laminae  and  considerable  yellow  pyrite .  545 

Shale,  gray,  showing  minute  black  specks  on  cleavage  surface  ;  with  some 
fragments  of  dark  dolomitic  limestone  and  some  light  yellow  pyrite 
present  . 570 

Ordovocian.  Galena-Trenton. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  of  light  gray  color .  590 

Dolomitic  limestone,  light  gray .  595 

Like  the  preceding  .  630 

Like  the  preceding,  some  fragments  porous .  700 

Dolomitic  limestone,  light  gray .  750 

Like  the  preceding  .  780 

Like  the-  preceding,  with  some  dark  thin  fragments .  800 

Dolomitic  limestone  with  some  dark  fragments .  850 

Like  the  preceding  .  880 


Ordovician,  St.  Peter. 

Quartz  sand,  of  fairly  coarse,  rounded  grains.  A  considerable  part  of 


the  sample  consists  of  such  sand  firmly  cemented  by  a  compact  matrix 
of  marcasite.  Some  fragments  are  dolomitic  limestone  showing  some¬ 
what  brisk  effervescence  with  acid.  Other  fragments  consist  of  rounded 
sand  embedded  in  dolomitic  limestone  as  matrix.  Evidently  all  of 

these  variations  of  rock  are  contact  phenomena .  900 

Quartz  sand,  clear,  rounded,  average  diameter  of  grains  about  .25  mm.  910 

Like  the  preceding  .  970 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,050 

Quartz  sand,  clear  and  rounded  grains,  with  some  white  chert  and 
some  clay  which  is  calcareous .  1,075 


Ordovician ,  Oneota. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  compact,  faintly  straw-white  and  of  characteristic 
luster  ;  with  some  pinkish  dolomite,  and  some  olive-colored  and  shaly 
dolomitic  limestone.  There  are  also  some  large  fragments  of  green 
shale,  some  rounded  clear  sand,  and  some  fragments  of  calcareous 


limestone  .  1,085 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white  and  grayish  white,  some  fragments  of  dull 

olive  color,  and  occasionally  fragments  of  light  green  color .  1,105 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white ;  “mortar  rock,”  consisting  of  fine  sand 
embedded  in  a  matrix  of  white  dolomitic  material ;  some  white  chert. 
Occasional  grains  of  the  embedded  sand  are  green,  and  some  pinkish 

red.  Some  dolomitic  fragments  are  bright  green .  1,155 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white,  with  frequent  fragments  of  a  light,  bright 
green  material  which  does  not  effervesce  in  acid.  Some  of  this  is 
stony  and  dolomitic,  some  as  soft  as  talc.  A  few  fragments  of  grayish 

white  chert  were  noted .  1,175 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  dull  cream-color  and  coarse  crystalline  texture, 
crystals  measuring  one-eight  mm.  in  diameter ;  occasional  fragments 

of  pink  dolomite,  and  of  green  serpentine-like  shale .  1,225 

Dolomitic  cream-colored  limestone,  with  a  few  fragments  of  calcite. 

Some  fragments  of  small  clear  quartz  crystals  .5  mm.  to  1  mm.  in 
diameter,  some  green  shale  fragments,  measuring  about  .125  mm.  in 

diameter  .  1,300 

Dolomitic,  cream-colored  limestone  with  much  pyrite,  mostly  in  cubic 
crystals  .125  mm.  in  diameter,  also  occurring  in  small  spherical  clus¬ 
ters  ;  and  with  crystals  of  quartz,  terminating  in  pyramids  at  both 
ends,  and  measuring  about  one-third  mm.  in  length .  1,320 


40 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  icell  No.  3 — Concluded. 


Depth 
in  feet. 

Ordovician,  Oneota — Concluded. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  cream-colored,  constitutes  about  half  the  sample. 

The  other  half  is  fine  quartz  sar  d.  Less  pyrite  than  in  previous 
sample,  crystals  cubic,  octahedral,  and  dodecahedral.  The  dolomite 


shows  minute  black  specks,  also  some  similar  specks  of  dark  green 

color.  Pyrite  in  process  of  formation  from  glauconite  ( ?) .  1,330 

Dolomitic  limestone,  cream-colored,  and  containing  embedded  quartz 
sand,  small  crystals  of  pyrite,  and  minute  grains  of  a  dark  green 

mineral,  glauconite  (?) ,  measuring  about  .125  mm.  in  diameter .  1,340 

Like  the  preceding .  1,350 

Fine  quartz  sand  and  dolomitic  limestone.  The  latter  contains  small 
pyrite  crystals  of  various  forms,  and  grains  of  glauconite  of  the  same 
size.  Both  appear  together  in  the  same  fragments .  1,360 


Sandstone,  gray,  grains  averaging  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter. 

These  are  embedded  in  a  matrix  of  dolomitic  material  which  also 
contains  much  glauconite  and  some  pyrite  in  grains  of  equal  sizes....  1,400 
Fine  quartz  sand  in  a  matrix  of  dolomite.  The  two  are  of  about  equal 
quantities,  some  pyrite  is  in  coarser  crystals  than  in  the  preceding 
samples.  The  glauconite  grains  are  larger,  more  abundant  and  darker 


than  in  the  preceding  sample .  1,410 

Like  the  preceding  sample,  but  the  glauconite  is  darker,  and  the  pyrite 

is  less  in  quantity .  1,420 

Most  of  the  material  like  that  in  the  preceding  sample,  but  there  are 
also  fragments  of  a  dark  greenish  gray  dolomite,  of  a  light  colored 
dolomite,  except  for  a  few  green  specks,  and  some  lumps  of  a  dark 
gray  fissile  dolomitic  shale .  1,430 


Dolomitic,  dark  gray  limestone,  with  fine  quartz  sand,  containing  small 
grains  of  glauconite,  and  considerable  pyrite  in  larger  crystals  than  in 
the  preceding  sample.  A  part  of  the  sample  consists  of  a  compara¬ 
tively  coarsely  crystalline  and  porous  dolomite,  without  glauconite,  but 
with  comparatively  large  crystals  of  pyrite.  There  were  also  spha¬ 
lerite,  calcite,  chert,  and  quartz .  1,440 

Fine  sandy  and  coarsely  crystalline,  porous  dolomitic  limestone,  like 
the  two  types  of  rocks  in  the  preceding  sample.  The  porous  dolomite 
is  present  in  greatest  quantity  and  occurs  in  large  fragments  with  free 
crystalline  surfaces.  Evidently  from  cavernous  places  in  the  rock.  In  a 
single  fragment  of  rock,  midway  between  the  two  types  in  coarseness, 
two  glauconite  grains  were  noted.  It  may  be  inferred  that  the  two 
types  grade  into  one  another.  In  some  large  lumps  of  the  porous  rock 
were  noted  a  thin  vein  of  dolomite,  a  change  from  medium  to  very 
coarse  dolomitic  crystals  on  a  free  surface,  large  crystals  of  pyrite, 
of  sphalerite,  calcite,  quartz,  and  barite.  There  are  also  some  lumps 
of  cavern  clay.  The  drill  here  evidently  passed  through  a  mineralized 


place  in  the  formation  .  1,450 

Cambrian ,  Potsdam. 

Rounded  quartz  sand  with  some  grains,  rusty  on  the  surface.  Size  of 

grains  from  .25  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter .  1,470 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  like  the  preceding,  with  a  piece  of  gray  shale 

probably  from  the  cavernous  place  above .  1,480 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  like  the  preceding,  with  two  fragments  of  pyrites 

probably  from  1,450  feet . . .  1,490 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  as  coarse  as  the  preceding  with  most  grains  rusty 

on  the  surface  and  some  coated  black .  1,530 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  like  the  preceding .  1,550 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  slightly  rusty  on  the  surface  of  the  grains .  1,570 

Like  the  preceding  . . .  1,590 

Like  the  preceding,  but  slightly  more  rusty .  1,620 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,630‘ 

Mostly  sand,  like  the  preceding,  but  also  some  dolomitic  limestone .  1,640 

Chiefly  rounded  rusty  quartz  sand,  with  some  large  and  some  small 

lumps  of  a  fine-grained  gray  sandstone,  and  with  a  dolomitic  matrix.  .  1,650 


3.  CROWLEY  AVENUE  WELL,  JOLIET,  WILL  COUNTY. 

Near  the  crossing  of  Crowley  Avenue  and  Ottawa  Street  the  city  of 
Joliet  has  sunk  a  well  1621  feet  deep,  from  the  drillings  of  which  some 
sub-samples  were  obtained  in  1909.  The  original  samples  were  pre¬ 
served  in  bottles  kept  in  the  office  of  the  city  engineer. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Joliet,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Cray  fine-textured  dolomitic  limestone  .  50 

Gray,  faintly  yellowish  dolomitic  limestone  .  375 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  .  630 


WELL  RECORDS. 


41 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Joliet — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  crushed  fine  by  the  drill  .  710 

White  sand,  consisting  of  rounded  coarse  grains  .  800 

Like  the  preceding  .  850 

Sand,  dull  pinkish  in  color,  of  somewhat  fine  grains  .  900 

Like  the  preceding  .  950 

Yellowish  sand  .  1,000 

Yellowish  sand  .  1,050 

Dull  pinkish  sand  .  1,100 

Fine  sand  of  vermilion  color . . .  1,135 

Red  clay  with  small  embedded  lumps  of  soft  white  material.  Neither  the 

red  nor  the  white  effervesces  with  acid  .  1,150 

Clay,  of  vermilion  color ;  contains  lumps  of  more  stony  material ;  has 
brownish  gray  specks  and  streaks.  The  stony  fragments  exhibit  irregular 

slickensided  joints.  No  part  of  the  sample  effervesces  with  acid .  1,197 

Mostly  stony  shale  of  vermilion  red,  brown,  or  almost  black  color,  with  some 
white  or  dull  greenish  shale.  The  sample  also  contained  some  white  chert 

and  some  coarse,  rounded  grains  of  sand  . . .  1,218 

A  stony  mixture  of  fine  red  clay  and  sand,  with  greenish  streaks.  A  large 
unbroken  fragment,  five  inches  long,  showed  slickensides.  The  sandy 

streaks  are  greenish  gray  in  color  .  1,240 

Clay  and  sand  with  a  small  mixture  of  dolomitic  material.  A  part  of  the 

sample  is  rusty  red  and  some  is  greenish  gray .  1,310 

Sand,  rusty-orange-colored,  more  angular  than  typical  St.  Peter  sand .  1,400 

Dark  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  some  white  soft  sandstone,  and  some  frag¬ 
ments  of  green  shale  .  1,562 

Like  the  preceding.  The  label  has  the  note:  “Water  stands  143  feet  below 

the  surface”  .  1,565 

Gray  sand  of  somewhat  angular  grains  .  1,567 

Olive  green,  grayish,  clay  with  rusty  brownish  streaks.  Label  has  the  note  : 

“Bottom  of  the  well”  .  . .  1,621 


4.  WELL  OF  C.  W.  REED,  IN  SEC.  25,  T.  14  N.,  R.  9  E.,  PUTNAM 

COUNTY. 

A  record  of  the  strata  penetrated  in  this  well  was  furnished  the 
writer  in  1893.  Two  flows  at  low  pressure  were  obtained,  one  at  between 
1500  and  1600  feet  below  the  surface,  and  another  at  about  1900  feet. 
The  upper  water  is  soft  and  fresh,  the  lower  water  is  hard  and  a  little 
salty.  The  lower  water  had  a  head  of  10  feet  in  1903  and  was  lifted  by 
a  ram.  Its  head  had  lowered  somewhat  in  three  years.  The  well  had 
been  cased  to  a  depth  below  the  1,100-foot  shale.  The  elevation  of  the 
well  curb,  as  determined  by  the  aneroid,  is  730  feet  above  sea  level.  The 
record  of  the  strata  penetrated  was  as  below: 


Record  of  well  in  Sec.  25,  T.  lit  N.,  R.  9  E.,  Putnam  County,  Illinois. 


Thickness 
in  feet. 

Clay  .  16 

Sand  and  gravel  .  13 

Blue  and  gray  clay  .  85 

Sand  and  gravel  . 118 

“Soapstone”  .  8 

Shale  .  20 

“Slate”  .  22 

Black  “slate”  .  8 

Shale  . 34 

“Soapstone”  .  7 

Shale  .  12 

Coal  .  5 

Fire  clay  .  5 

Shale  .  13 

Sandy  shale  .  18 

Shale  . 24 

Not  reported  . '.  48 

Shelly  rock  .  48 

White  lime  rock  .  502 


42 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Record  of  well  in  Sec.  25,  T.  1^  N.,  R.  9  E—  Concluded. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


Blue  shale  .  Igy 

Gray  lime  rock  . 239 

Gray  lime  rock  .  121 

St.  Peter  sandstone  . .  135 

Blue  shale  . ’  ]  ‘  10 

Sand  rock  .  *  *  * 

shale  . 5 

Rock  and  shale .  32 

Sand  rock  and  shale  .  75 

Lime  rock  . . . *  60 

Sand  rock  . '. . 70 

Sandstone  . 43 


The  writer’s  interpretation  of  the  above  record  is  as  follows : 


Interpretation  of  record  of  well  in  Putnam  County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Drift  .  0  226 

Pennsylvanian  .  226  375 

Devonian  .  375  460 

Undetermined  .  460  500 

Niagaran  .  500  1,010 

Cincinnatian  .  1,010  1,190 

Galena-Trenton  .  1,190  1,550 

St.  Peters  sandstone  .  1,550  1,685 

Oneota  .  1,685  1,990 


5.  CITY  WELL,  CHATSWORTH,  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

In  1910  the  writer  received  from  Mr.  G-.  W.  McCabe  of  Chatsworth 
41  samples  of  drillings  taken  at  intervals  of  from  5  to  170  feet  from 
a  churn-drill  boring  made  in  that  city  in  1907.  The  well  is  located  on 
the  SE.  sec.  2>,  T.  26.  N.,  R.  8  Ev  50  feet  northwest  of  the  post  office 
in  Chatsworth.  The  samples  were  carefully  taken  and  distinctly  labeled. 
The  diameter  of  the  well  at  the  top  is  14  inches  and  at  the  bottom  6 
inches.  When  highest  the  water  from  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  stands 
40  feet  below  the  surface.  At  an  earlier  date  a  record  of  the  strata 
penetrated  in  the  well  was  obtained  by  the  Illinois  State  Geological 
Survey.  This  record  is  as  follows : 


Record  of  city  well  at  Chatsworth,  Illinois. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


Soil  and  clay  .  4 

Yellow  clay  .  4 

Blue  clay  .  44 

Sand  and  gravel  .  8 

Blue  clay  .  10 

Sand  .  5 

Hardpan  .  53 

Sand  .  7 

Hardpan  and  clay  .  52 

Soft  clay  and  gravel  .  13 

Soapstone  .  21 

Limestone  .  348 

Black  slate  .  40 

Gritstone  .  80 

Limestone  .  135 

Dark  shale  .  36 

Limestone  .  147 

Flint  .  109 


WELL  RECORDS. 


43 


Description  of  samples  from  the  city  well  at  Ghatsworth,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Dark  gray  shale  with  streaks  of  flint .  84 

Boulder  clay  (April  19,  1907)  .  80 

Boulder  clay,  silt,  sand  and  gravel  (April  23,  1907)  .  118 

Gravel  and  sand  (April  26,  1907)  .  138 

Boulder  clay,  (May  1,  1907)  150 

Boulder  clay,  (May  2,  1907)  165 

Boulder  clay,  (May  4,  1907)  180 

Boulder  clay,  (May  7,  1907)  200 

Boulder  clay,  (May  8,  1907)  220 

Silt  containing  drift  pebbles.  This  silt  resembles  the  deposit  known  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State  as  the  Silveria  formation,  a  preglacial  or  a 

glacial  silt,  (May  9,  1907)  .  240 

Chiefly  boulder  clay.  Some  sand  and  a  coal-measure  concretion  also  in  the 

sample,  (May  9,  1907)  .  260 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  with  crystals  less  than  .125  mm.  in  diameter, 
and  of  compact  texture.  The  rock  is  speckled  with  rounder  grains  of  a 
dark  green  mineral,  from  .125  mm.  to  .06  mm.  in  diameter.  These  grains 
lie  promiscuously  through  the  rock  and  close  enough  for  about  one  hundred 
to  appear  on  a  ground  surface  of  one  square  inch.  Some  fragments  of  a 

dark  gray  chert  were  noted,  (May  14,  1907)  .  280 

Dolomitic  limestone,  cream- white,  with  considerable  white  chert  which  shows 

traces  of  organic  structure,  (May  15,  1907)  .  287 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  cream-white  color,  some  fragments  porous.  A  part 
of  this  sample  is  a  large  lump  of  grayish  white  cavern  clay  ( ?)  of  the 
finest  texture.  This  gives  no  response  to  acid  ;  checks  off  into  conchoidal 
fragments  while  producing  a  sizzling  sound,  when  submerged  in  water, 

(May  16,  1907)  . . .  315 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  a  cream-white  color,  with  dark  streak,  and  with 
occasional  grains  of  a  green  mirieral,  some  of  which  are  a  millimeter  in 
diameter.  One  piece  of  a  crinoid  stem  was  noted  and  some  sand,  (May 

17,  1907)  .  325 

Dolomitic  limestone,  some  yellowish  gray,  some  dark  gray,  also  some  gray 

shale  with  grains  of  a  green  mineral  disposed  in  layers,  (May  21,  1907)..  400 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  (May  22,  1907)  . .  420 

Like  the  preceding,  May  22,  1907)  .  440 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  porous,  (May  23,  1907)  .  460 

Dolomitic  limestone,  nearly  white,  (May  24,  1907)  .  475 

Dolomitic  limestone,  light  gray,  fine  in  texture,  (May  24,  1907)  .  490 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  fine  grained,  (May  24,  1907)  .  505 

Like  the  preceding,  (May  25,  1907)  . • .  510 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  (May  28,  1908)  .  590 

Bluish  white  compact  dolomitic  limestone,  clearly  crystalline  under  lens, 
largest  crystals  .25  mm.  in  diameter.  More  than  half  of  the  sample  is 

pinkish  yellow  in  color  and  fine  in  texture,  (May  28,  1907)  .  615 

Dark  gray  shale  and  green  shale,  (May  30,  1907)  .  638 

Green  clay  shale,  somewhat  calcareous,  (May  30,  1907)  .  645 

Green  clay  shale,  somewhat  calcareous,  (June  1,  1907)  .  665 

Green  clay  shale,  not  calcareous,  with  marcasite  in  minute  crystals,  (June 

3,  1907)  .  690 

Green  clay  shale,  not  calcareous,  (June  4,  1907)  .  710 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  white  dolomitic  limestone,  and  some 

green  shale.  Much  pyrite,  ground  to  fragments,  (June  5,  1907) .  724 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  calcareous,  (June  7,  1907)  .  765 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  with  microscopic  dark  specks,  in  places  seen  to 
be  pyrite.  This  rock  splits  into  very  thin  fragments,  most  of  which  show 
fragmental  texture,  and  which  is  incipiently  silicified.  With  this  is  some 
almost  black  shale,  which  breaks  into  long  flat  splinters  and  effervesces 

with  acid,  (June  10,  1907)  .  820 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  fragmental,  with  embedded  siliceous  sand  grains. 

Also  considerable  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  fragments  were  examined 
under  the  microscope,  were  seen  to  have  parallel  filaments  of  a  black 

mineral,  (June  12,  1907)  .  840 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  showing  many  fragments  from  .25  mm.  to  .50  mm. 
in  diameter ;  containing  a  few  rounded  quartz  grains,  and  showing  micro¬ 
scopic  black  particles  of  pyrite,  (June  14,  1907)  .  865 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  of  fragmental  structure,  with  only  a  few  micro¬ 
scopic  particles  of  pyrite,  (June  27,  1907)  . . .  920 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  fragmental,  (June  2,  1907)  .  1,000 

Calcareous  limestone,  moderately  dark  gray,  fragmental  in  texture,  splitting 
into  very  thin  chips,  and  containing  some  pyrite.  The  sample  contained 
some  material  like  that  of  the  following  sample — a  black  shale,  (July 

10,  1907)  .  1,120 

“Probably  caved  in  from  about  800  feet.”  Two  large  unbroken  pieces,  about 
a  pound  in  weight,  of  an  almost  black  stony  shale,  or  shady  dolomitic 
limestone.  When  crushed  and  examined  under  the  microscope,  rock  is 
seen  to  consist  of  some  fragmental  and  some  amorphous  material,  with 
broken  pieces  of  dolomite  crystals.  In  the  amorphous  translucent  frag¬ 
ments  are  many  black  particles  less  than  .02  mm.  in  diameter,  probably 
pyrite.  There  were  also  noted  some  thin  brown  crustlike  fragments  of 


44 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  the  city  well  at  Chatsworth — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

probably  bituminous  material.  The  rock  effervesces  slowly  with  acid,  and 


when  heated  in  a  closed  tube  it  yields  bituminous  and  then  sulphurous 

fumes.  After  heating  it  contains  a  few  magnetic  grains  .  1,120 

Some  gray  calcareous  limestone  and  some  dolomitic  limestone  of  similar 
appearance.  Both  contain  embedded  rounded  grains  of  quartz  sand, 
from  .50  mm.  to  .125  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  pyrite  noted,  (July  19, 

1907)  .  1,210 

Rounded  quartz  sand  from  .50  mm.  to  .125  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  grains 
are  partly  stained  yellow,  giving  the  sand  a  yellowish  gray  color,  (July  ■ 

19,  1907)  .  1,224 

White  quartz  sand  of  about  the  same  coarseness  as  the  sand  in  the  previous 
sample.  Much  of  the  sand  has  evidently  been  crushed  by  the  drill  as  many 
of  the  grains  are  broken,  (July  24,  1907)  .  1,285 


It  will  be  seen  that  there  are  several  discrepancies  between  the 
record  first  quoted  and  a  section  based  on  these  samples.  According  to 
the  record  the  drift  is  only  200  feet  thick,  but  according  to  the  labeled 
samples  it  is  at  least  260  feet  and  may  be  as  much  as  280  feet  in  depth. 
The  record  mentions  soapstones  penetrated  from  200  to  221  feet  below 
the  surface,  whereas  the  sample  from  this  depth  is  boulder  clay,  and  the 
only  sample  containing  anything  that  may  belong  to  the  “Coal  Meas¬ 
ures”  is  labeled  260  feet.  Both  the  record  and  the  samples  show  a  lime¬ 
stone  under  the  drift  about  350  feet  thick.  This  the  writer  believes  is 
the  Niagaran  limestone. 

Below  this  limestone  the  samples  show  a  shale  formation  the  thick¬ 
ness  of  which  is  at  least  127  feet  and  may  be  205  feet.  In  this  shale 
ther  is  some  limestone  about  half  way  down.  This  tallies  with  known 
changes  in  the  Cincinnatian  strata.  In  the  written  record  the  Niagaran 
is  followed  by  40  feet  of  black  shale  overlying  80  feet  of  “gritstone,”  a 
rather  nondescript  term. 

Below  the  Cincinnatian  the  samples  are  limestone  from  820  to 
1210  feet  below  the  surface  with  a  hiatus  of  55  feet  above,  giving  room 
for  445  feet  of  limestone.  At  the  depth  of  1120  two  samples  were  taken, 
one  consisting  of  limestone  resembling  the  nearest  samples  above  and 
below,  and  another  consisting  of  a  black,  stony  shale.  This  sample  con¬ 
sists  of  one  large  lump  unbroken  by  the  drill;  and  the  collector  makes 
the  note :  “Probably  caved  in  from  about  800  feet,”  i.  e.,  from  the  lower, 
usually  dark,  horizon  of  the  Cincinnatian. 

In  the  written  record  the  “gritstone”  is  underlain  by  two  limestones, 
one  135  feet  the  other  147  feet  thick.  These  are  separated  by  36  feet  of 
dark  shale,  and  are  underlain  by  109  feet  of  “flint”  and  84  feet  of 
“dark-gray  shale  with  streaks  of  flint.”  The  descriptive  terms  used 
suggest  a  lack  of  familiarity  with  the  local  rocks.  It  is  believed  that 
the  lowest  shale  is  limestone  as  shown  by  the  sample,  and  that  part  of 
this  limestone  must  have  been  cherty,  though  this  is  not  shown  in  the 
samples.  The  109  feet  of  flint  is  also  thought  to  be  cherty  limestone. 
These  400  or  500  feet  of  limestone  are  believed  to  belong  in  the  Galena- 


WELL  RECORDS. 


45 


Trenton  formation.  The  greater  part  of  the  samples  show  a  rock  more 
clearly  like  the  Richmond  division  than  the  Galena.  The  rock  is  organic 
fragmental  and  it  is  only  incipiently  dolomitized,  and  some  is  also  appar¬ 
ently  incipiently  silicified.  On  etching  a  polished  surface  of  the  frag¬ 
ments  with  acid,  dolomite  crystals  are  seen  to  stand  out  in  relief,  the 
surface  showing  a  reticulate  texture.  Siliceous  grains,  apparently  an 
original  ingredient  in  the  rock,  were  present  in  the  lowest  sample. 

The  written  record  stops  at  1200  feet,  but  three  of  the  samples  come 
from  a  greater  depth,  the  two  lowermost  being  sand  believed  to  be  of 
the  St.  Peter  formation. 

The  following  table  represents  the  author’s  interpretation  of  all  the 
data  presented  bearing  on  the  formations  penetrated  in  this  well. 


Interpretation  of  record  of  city  well  at  Chatsworth,  Illinois. 


Drift,  boulder,  clay,  etc . 

“Coal  Measures,”  shale  . 

Niagaran,  limestone  . 

Cincinnatian,  shale  and  limestone 

Galena-Trenton,  limestone  . 

St.  Peter  sandstone  . 


Estimated  thickness 
in  feet. 

Minimum.  Maximum. 

200  270 

0  21 

348  378 

127  205 

390  500 

61  ? 


Total  depth  of  well 


1,285 


6.  WELL  NEAR  PLANO,  KENDALL  COUNTY. 

In  March,  1909,  Mr.  C.  A.  Darnell  of  Plano  submitted  for  exam¬ 
ination  some  drillings  taken  from  a  well  on  the  Fox  River  bottoms,  two- 
and-one-half  miles  south  and  a  little  east  of  Plano.  These  samples  were 
taken  at  depths  mostly  15  feet  apart,  excepting  for  that  part  of  the 
section  extending  from  385  to  590  feet  below  the  surface,  from  which 
no  samples  were  furnished.  The  labels  gave  the  depth  at  which  they 
were  taken. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Plano,  Illinois. 

(Note. — The  writer’s  interpretations  are  indicated  in  italics.) 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Ordovician,  Galena-Trenton ,  550  feet. 

Drift  sand  and  some  yellow  dolomitic  limestone .  40 

Like  the  preceding  .  55 

Straw-colored  dolomitic  limestone  .  70 

Straw-colored  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  chert .  85 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  .  105 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  with  some  calcite .  115 

Like  the  preceding  . .  130 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  .  145 

Like  the  preceding  .  160 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  coarse  in  texture  and  with  some  chert  175 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  coarse  texture .  190 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  .  205 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  calcite .  220 

Dolomitic  limestone,  mostly  straw-colored,  some  white .  235 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  with  few  fragments  of  white  chert.  .  250 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  with  some  white  chert  and  some 

spar  .  265 

Dolomitic  limestone,  relatively  fine  in  texture,  with  some  chert .  280 


46 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Plano — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Ordovician,  Galena-Trenton,  550  feet — Concluded. 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  relatively  fine  in  texture,  with  dark  streaks 

and  stains  .  295 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  fine  grained,  with  occasional  blotches  310 

Dolomitic  limestone,  light  gray,  porous .  325 

Dolomitic  limestone  and  rounded  white  quartz  sand .  385 

Ordovician,  St.  Peter,  135+  feet. 

Quartz  sand,  somewhat  fine  grained,  yellowish .  590 

Yellow  quartz  sand  .  605 

White  quartz  sand  .  620 

White  quartz  sand  .  635 

Yellow  quartz  sand  .  650 

White  quartz  sand  .  665 

White  quartz  sand  .  680 

Shale,  dull  purple,  brown  and  greenish,  with  a  fragment  of  oolitic  chert 

and  some  sand  .  684 

White  quartz  sand,  with  some  pale  green  and  soft  grains .  690 

White  quartz  sand,  with  some  pale  green  grains  and  some  pink  quartz 

grains  .  695 

White  quartz  sand,  with  some  green  and  some  white  grains  and  some 

limestone  fragments  .  710 

Ordovician,  Oneota,  S85  feet. 

Yellowish  light  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white  chert,  that 
occasionally  shows  green  stained  streaks,  and  with  some  fragments 

of  the  main  rock,  pale  green... .  725 

Quartz  sand,  with  some  yellow,  some  green,  and  some  oolitic  chert,  and 
with  some  green,  some  dark,  some  brownish  and  some  black  shaly 

material  .  740 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  with  much  oolitic  chert  and  some  other  chert 

of  chalcedonic  luster,  and  with  some  green  and  soft  material .  758 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  yellowish  gray  tinge,  with  much  chert  and  some 

pale  green  fragments  .  770 

Quartz  sand  with  some  fragments  of  pale  green  material .  785 

White  sand  with  some  opaque  white  grains .  800 

Mostly  white  chert,  some  dolomitic  limestone,  and  many  pale  green  frag¬ 
ments  . 815 

Dolomitic  limestone  with  chert  and  sand . 830 

Dolomitic  limestone,  with  chert  and  some  sand,  and  with  fragments  of 

a  green  material  like  serpentine  . . .  t .  845 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  with  few  fragments  of  serpentine-like 

material  .  860 

Like  the  preceding  .  890 

White  dolomitic  limestone  .  905 

Like  the  preceding  .  920 

Like  the  preceding  . 935 

Like  the  preceding  .  965 

Like  the  preceding  .  985 

Like  the  preceding  . 990 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  pyrite  in  small  grains .  1,005 

Dark  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  containing  grains  of  pyrite  and  a  light 

green  material  .  1,016 

Fine  quartz  sand,  with  some  dolomitic  limestone .  1,021 

Dolomitic  limestone,  dark  gray,  with  many  minute  dark  green  grains, 

probably  glauconite,  and  some  pyrite  in  small  grains .  1,030 

Fine  quartz  sand  and  some  dolomitic  limestone  with  glauconite  grains 

(?).  Sample  in  water.  (Supposed  to  be  oily) .  1,080 

Dolomitic  limestone,  dark  gray,  fine-grained,  with  some  pyrite.  No 

green  grains  noted  . 1,095 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  and  sand . 1,101 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  with  glauconite  grains,  and  with  pyrite  grains. 

Some  sand  in  the  sample  . '. .  1,103 

Like  the  preceding  .  . .  1,105 

Dolomitic  limestone  and  coarse  quartz  sand,  with  grains  of  glauconite 

and  pyrite  .  1.110 

7.  WELL  OF  SAN  BEDE  COLLEGE,  PERU,  LASALLE  COUNTY. 

In  1892  the  San  Bede  College  at  Pern  had  a  well  drilled  to  the 
depth  of  2,300  feet,  by  J.  P.  Miller  &  Co.  of  Chicago.  The  well  is 
located  on  the  uplands  west  of  Peru,  near  the  buildings  of  the  institu¬ 
tion,  and  its  curb  has  an  elevation  of  about  609  feet  above  sea  level, 
aneroid,  checked  to  the  Peru  railroad  station.  When  the  well  was  nearly 
completed  the  writer  obtained  from  the  workmen  a  memory  record  of 
the  strata  penetrated.  This  record  is  given  below. 


WELL  RECORDS. 


47 


Record  of  well  at  Peru,  LaSalle  County ,  Illinois. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 

(Estimated) 

Drift  and  “Coal-Measure”  shales,  sandstone,  etc.,  with  two  seams  of  coal,  one 

seams  of  coal,  one  at  450  and  another  at  500  feet  below  the  surface .  500 

“Niagara”  limestone  .  460 

“Slate  stone”  .  240 

“Trenton”  limestone  .  325 

Sandstone  (Saint  Peter)  .  125 

Some  shale  .  3 

Limestone  . 232 

Sandstone  .  80 

“Lime  rock  with  quartz” .  215 

Sand  rock  .  120 

A  few  weeks  later  the  writer  called  at  the  office  of  the  drillers  in 
Chicago  and  obtained  the  following  additional  notes,  which  were  read 
by  Mr.  Miller  from  his  note  book. 


Record  of  ivell  at  Peru,  LaSalle  County,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Drift  .  73 

Shale,  caving  bad  .  190 

Hard  limestone  .  275 

Shale,  with  streaks  of  lime .  315 

Fire  clay  .  340 

Sticky  shale  .  355 

Hard  lime  rock  .  838 

Sticky  shale  .  1,050 

Hard  lime,  990  to .  1,150 

Very  hard  rock  .  1,242 

Hard  lime  .  1,308 

Hard  white  lime  .  1,343 

Shale  . 1,650 

Vary  hard  rock  .  1,750 

Lime  .  2,000 

The  two  records  do  not  agree  and  two  items  in  the  notes  obtained 

from  Mr.  Miller  are  contradictory.  It  is  nevertheless  evident  that  the 

strata  penetrated  in  this  well  are  about  as  indicated  below. 


Interpretation  of  record  of  ivell  at  Peru,  Illinois. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 

Drift  .  73 

Pennsylvanian  .  427 

Devonian  (?)  and  Niagaran  limestone,  with  some  shale  above .  460 

Cincinnatian  shale  .  240 

Galena-Trenton  limestone  .  325 

Saint  Peter  sandstone  .  125 

Lower  Magnesian  limestone  and  sandstone .  650 

No  flowing  water  was  obtained  from  this  well. 


8.  WELL  NO.  2,  MINERAL  POINT  ZINC  COMPANY,  DEPUE,  BUREAU  COUNTY. 

Drilling  on  this  well  was  begun  April  27,  1909,  and  completed  to 
a  measured  depth  of  1,278%  feet  on  August  14,  in  the  same  year. 
Samples  were  taken  at  depths  from  5  to  55  feet  apart  and  submitted  to 
the  writer  for  examination.  A  very  full  account  of  the  progress  of  the 
work  and  a  description  of  the  strata  penetrated  were  made  by  Mr.  O.  E. 
Ruhoff,  under  whose  supervision  the  drilling  was  done.  His  record  of 
the  strata  penetrated  is  as  below. 


48 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Record  of  ivell  No.  2,  Mineral  Point  Zinc  Company ,  DePue,  Illinois. 


Clay,  yellow,  soft  . 

Gravel,  coarse  . 

Gravel,  coarser  . 

Fine  gravel  and  sand  . 

Clear  sand  . . . 

Gravel  and  sand  . 

Shale,  light,  soft  . 

Shale,  dark,  soft  . 

Shale,  light,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  dark,  medium  hard  . 

Coal,  very  lean  . 

Shale,  dark,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  dark,  harder  . 

Shale,  light,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  dark,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  dark,  harder  . 

Shale,  light,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  darker,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  light,  medium  hard  . 

Shale,  dark,  medium  hard  . 

Indications  of  coal  . 

Cave-in,  depth  uncertain  . . 

Shale,  light  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  soft  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  soft  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  soft  . 

Lime  rock,  brown,  medium  hard  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  medium  hard,  hard  at  605  . 

Lime  rock,  darker  and  soft  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  medium  hard,  hard  at  718,  and  from  738  to  850 

Shale,  light,  hard  . 

Shale  and  lime,  light  . 

Shale,  light,  hard  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  hard  . 

Lime  rock,  white,  medium  hard  . 

Mr.  KuhofFs  notes  on  the  water  in  the  several  strata  are  as  follows 


Depth 

in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

0 

13 

13 

35 

35 

37 

37 

53 

53 

64 

64 

78 

78 

90 

90 

100 

100 

132 

132 

182 

182 

184y2 

184y2 

205 

205 

216 

216 

227 

227 

272 

272 

275 

275 

292 

292 

300 

300 

345 

345 

352 

352 

356 

356 

360 

360 

371 

371 

402 

402 

498 

498 

535 

535 

580 

580 

632 

632 

703 

703 

850 

850 

928 

928 

950 

950 

1,020 

1,020 

1,065 

1,065 

1,278 

are  as 

follows : 

Water  from  the  depth  of  395  feet  rises  to  the  surface  part  of  the  time. 

Salt  water  from  the  depth  of  580  feet  flowed  out  at  top  of  pipes  at  the 
rate  of  5  gallons  per  minute. 

Salt  water  from  the  depth  of  680  feet  flowed  out  at  top  of  pipes  at  the 
rate  of  20  to  25  gallons  per  minute. 

Salt  water  from  the  depth  of  788  feet  flowed  out  at  the  top  of  the  pipe 
at  the  rate  of  20  to  25  gallons  per  minute. 

Salt  water  flowed  out  at  the  top  of  the  pipe  at  the  rate  of  from  20  to  25 
gallons  per  minute  while  drilling  from  850  feet  to  1,065  feet. 

After  casing  down  to  842  feet,  fresh  water  was  reached  between  1,126 
and  1,131  feet  below  the  surface,  and  water  flowed  out  at  the  rate  of  45  to  50 
gallons  per  minute. 

Water  from  the  depth  of  1,175  feet  flowed  out  at  the  top  of  the  pipe  at 
the  rate  of  about  175  gallons  per  minute. 

The  flow  from  the  depth  of  1,205  feet  was  250  gallons  per  minute. 

The  flow  of  water,  by  actual  measurement,  was  782  gallons  per  minute 
at  the  depth  of  1,245  feet,  and  the  current  was  strong  enough  to  force  lumps 
of  lime  rock  to  the  surface. 

4 

A  15-inch  casing  was  put  down  to  the  depth  of  85  feet,  a  10-inch 
casing  to  the  depth  of  392  feet,  and  an  8-inch  casing  to  the  depth  of  842 
feet. 


Description  of  samples  of  drillings  from  ivell  No. 

Company ,  DePue ,  Illinois. 


2,  Mineral  Point  Zinc 


Depth 
in  feet. 


Pleistocene,  73  feet. 

Sand  and  gravel  . 

Sand  and  gravel,  pebbles  mostly  of  dolomitic  limestone  .  . . 

Sand  and  gravel,  gravel  partly  cemented,  mostly  dolomitic  pebbles 

Sand  and  gravel,  clean  . 

Clean  sand  . 


25 

32 

39 

54 

60 


\ 


WELL  RECORDS. 


49 


Description  of  samples  of  drillings  from 


well  No.  2 — Continued. 


Depth 
in  feet. 


Pleistocene ,  7 3  feet — Concluded. 

Yellow  calcareous  silt  (glacial)  . *• . 

A  pebble  of  decayed  limestone,  fossiliferous  . 

Clean  sand  . 

Pennsylvanian,  298  feet. 

Gray  shale,  with  some  pebbles,  from  drift  . 

>>  Gray  shale,  with  some  pebbles,  from  drift  . 

Shale,  gray  . 

Shale,  gray  . 

Black  coaly  shale  . 

Shale,  light  gray,  slightly  gritty . 

Gray  shale,  marly . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale  . 

Black  shale  and  coal  . 

Gray  shale  . . . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  with  small  fragments  of  coal  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  small  white  streaks,  and  slightly  calcareous . 

Black  shale,  carbonaceous,  and  effervescing  slightly  with  acid . . 

Gray  and  dark  gray  fire  clay  in  fragments  showing  many  slickensides .  . 

Pennsylvanian-pr e-Pennsylvanian  contact. 

Gray  shale  with  pyrite  and  coal,  and  white  dolomitic  limestone . 

Niagaran,  231  feet. 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  granular  under  a  lens.  Much  pyrite  in 

minute  spherules,  probably  from  above  . . . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  somewhat  compact,  of  uniform  texture  and  light- 

gray  color  . 

White  dolomitic  limestone  with  small  grains  of  pyrite  . 

Grayish  white,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  a  little  white  chert . . 

White  dolomite,  porous,  friable  and  having  occasional  small  crevices 
lined  with  drusy,  and  chalcedonic  quartz.  Some  white  chert.  Some 
rounded  and  finely  polished  grains  of  opalescent  quartz  occur  in  the 

sample  and  may  or  may  not  belong  to  the  rock . 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  more  chert.  Some  minute  amber-colored 

spherules  were  noted  in  one  fragment . 

White  dolomite,  soft  and  fine  grained,  with  some  fragments  of  quite 
clear  quartz,  opalescent.  One  fragment  of  white  chert  showed  the 

structure  of  a  minute  favoritid  coral  or  a  bryozoan  . 

Rock  like  the  preceding  . 

Porous  dolomitic,  soft  and  friable.  Some  fragments  with  a  tinge  of 

green.  Some  cavern  clay  and  sand  . 

Rock  like  that  at  480  feet  . . 

Cream-white  dolomitic  limestone,  soft  and  friable,  with  a  little  more 

chert  than  that  at  480  feet  . 

Limestone,  like  the  preceding  . 

Limestone,  like  the  preceding  . . 

Niagaran,  21/8  feet. 

Porous,  coarsely  granular,  straw-colored  dolomitic  limestone . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  of  coarse  granular  texture,  with 

occasional  blotched  dark  fragments  containing  pyrite  . 

Straw-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  compact  with  occasionally  embedded 

white  rock,  and  exhibiting  traces  of  fossil  forms  . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  light  gray,  porous  and  coarse  in  texture . 

White  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture  . 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  light  straw-color,  and  with  stylolitic  joints, 

stained  dark  . 

White  dolomitic  limestone  of  compact  texture,  effervescing  with  acid 

somewhat  briskly  for  a- dolomite  . 

Dull,  straw-gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  porous  and  coarse  . 

Dolomitic  limestone  with  some  green  and  some  gray  shale  . 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  . 

White,  compact,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

White,  compact,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  a  little  chert  . 

White  dolomitic  limestone  . . . 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white  chert  . 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone.  The  dark  shade  is  due  to  exceedingly  minute 

particles  of  pyrite  . 

Cincinnatian,  170  feet. 

Clayey  shale,  greenish  gray,  effervescing  slightly  with  acid  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Marly,  gray  shale  . 

Marly,  gray  shale  with  much  gray  limestone  in  which  bryozoa  and 

joints  of  crinoid  stems  were  noted  . 

Marly,  greenish  gray  shale  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 


68 

69 

75 

132 

145 

172 

182 

182 

210 

225 

250 

270 

282 

292 

300 

312 

325 

345 

350 

370 

388 


398 

415 

422 

435 


450 

470 


480 

520 

540 

555 

571 

578 

602 

608 

615 

632 

650 

673 

700 

720 

737 

765 

787 

800 

815 

820 

842 

850 


870 

905 

925 

940 

957 

970 

1,000 

1,020 


—4  G 


50 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  of  drillings  from  well  No.  2 — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Galena-Trenton,  258  feet. 

Dirty,  yellowish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  .  1,041) 

Dirty,  yellowish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture  .  1,055 

Dirty,  yellowish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture,  with  some 

large  and  thin  fragments  of  a  greenish  stony  shale  .  1,080 

Dolomitic  limestone  with  shale,  as  above .  1,100 

Yellowish  gray  limestone  and  greenish  stony  shale  as  above,  with  an 

increased  amount  of  the  shale .  1,120 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  .  1,175 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored,  very  coarse  in  texture  and  in  part 

very  porous  . 1,245 


Note. — The  limestone  extending  for  some  200  feet  below  the  Pennsylvania 
series  cannot  be  said  to  resemble  very  closely  the  Niagaran  limestone  as 
known  from  other  borings  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  It  has  a  more 
uniform  texture  than  is  usual  and  contains  some  quartz  which  is  not  all 
like  the  Niagarian  chert,  being  clearer  and  more  like  some  chalcedonic 
quartz  common  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Devonian  on  the  Mississippi.  On  the 
basis  of  its  dolomitic  condition  it  should  be  referred  to  the  Silurian,  in  the 
absence  of  any  decisive  evidence  to  the  contrary.  In  texture  the  rock 
resembles  the  Devonian  limestone  lying  under  the  Davenport  quarry  lime¬ 
stone  on  the  Mississippi  River. 


9.  WELL  OF  THE  STATE  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE  AT  KANKAKEE, 

KANKAKEE  COUNTY,  ILLINOIS. 

At  the  time  this  well  was  bored  in  1908,  Dr.  H.  F.  Bain,  then 
Director  of  The  Illinois  Geological  Survey,  made  arrangements  to  obtain 
samples  of  the  cuttings  for  the  entire  depth  of  the  well.  These  were 
submitted  in  two  lots :  those  from  the  upper  500  feet  in  1908,  and  those 
from  below  this  a  year  later.  From  the  depth  of  300  feet  to  380  feet 
below  the  surface  there  were  no  samples.  The  rock  in  this  interval  was 
probably  mostly  shale.  In  taking  samples,  drillers  frequently  neglect 
soft  shales,  through  which  the  work  must  proceed  rapidly  to  prevent 
caving. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Kankakee,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Limestone,  yellow,  dolomitic,  disintegrated .  25 

Limestone,  soft,  yellow  .  30 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  disintegrated  . .  •  • .  40 

Limestone,  soft,  yellow,  disintegrated  .  45 

Like  the  preceding  . : .  50 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  grayish  yellow  .  65 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray,  fine  grained .  70 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  compact,  gray,  crystalline  structure  comparatively 

coarse  .  75 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray,  comparatively  fine  grained .  85 

Like  the  preceding  .  95 

Like  the  preceding  .  100 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  bluish  white  and  fine  in  texture .  105 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  fine  in  texture,  soft,  gray .  110 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray  . . . . .  115 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray,  of  fine  texture .  120 

Like  the  preceding  .  125 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  bluish  gray,  fine  in  texture .  130 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  soft .  135 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  soft,  porous,  fine  grained .  140 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  light  gray  . .* .  145 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  light  gray  .  145 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  fine  grained .  150 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  fine  grained .  160 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray  .  165 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  light  gray,  fine  grained .  170 


WELL  RECORDS. 


51 


Descriptions  of  samples  from  well  at  Kankakee — Continued. 


Depth 
in  feet. 


Limestone,  dolomitic,  white  . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous . . . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  almost  white,  of  fine  texture . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  porous,  of  coarse  texture . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous,  soft,  fine  in  texture . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  fine  grained . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous,  coarse  in  texture . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous,  coarse  in  texture . 

Like  the  preceding  . . . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  soft,  fine  grained . 

Like  the  preceding  .  .  . . . 

Like  the  preceding  .  . .  . . . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  white,  porous,  fine  grained . 

Shale,  marly,  gray  . . 

Shale,  bluish  gray . 

Shale,  light  gray,  marly  . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  bluish  white . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  coarsely  crystalline,  grayish  white,  porous . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  coarsely  crystalline,  straw-color,  porous . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  dull  straw-color,  coarse  in  texture,  porous . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  dull  straw-color  . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray,  coarsely  crystalline . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  dull  straw-color,  and  coarsely  crystalline  in  texture 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  dull  straw-color . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  of  straw-color,  porous,  and  coarsely  crystalline . 

Limestone,  dolomitic,  gray,  coarse  texture . 

Finely  ground  dolomitic  limestone . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone . 

White,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture.  A  small  fragment  of  a  shell 

was  noted  in  one  chip  of  the  rock . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  porous  and  coarse  in  texture . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture.  Occasionally  dark  streaks 

were  noted  in  some  fragments . 

Light  yellow  gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  coarse  in  texture . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  of  coarse  texture . 

Dolomitic,  gray  limestone,  with  somewhat  brisk  effervescence  for  dolomite. 

A  few  black  (bituminous)  fragments  were  noted . 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Porous,  rather  light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  A  few  green  chips  were  noted . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  dark  blotches  on  the  largest  fragments 
Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture.  Some  dark  streaks  were 

noted  following  the  bedding  planes . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  fragments  were  noted  with  faint 

dark  streaks  following  the  bedding  planes . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  coarsely  crystalline  fragments  from 

cavernous  openings  showed  free  surfaces  of  black  dolomitic  crystals . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  A  few  dark  'fragments  were  noted . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture,  with  occasional  dark  blotches.  . 

Coarse  grained,  light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  moderately  coarse  texture,  and  with 

dark  streaky  blotches . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  somewhat  fine  texture.  One  fragment 

with  a  dark  thin  seam  following  the  bedding  plane . 

Light,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  large  chips  of  a  dark  straight-splitting 

shale,  which  did  not  effervesce  with  acid,  were  noted . 

Uniformly  gray,  fine  grained,  dolomitic  limestone . 

Fine  grained,  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  with  two  large  lumps  of  a  yellow 
crinoidal  calcareous  rock.  Several  crinoid  fragments  were  noted,  such  as 
joints  of  stems,  basals  of  a  small  calyx,  etc.  These  were  of  a  yellow  color. 

They  had  evidently  dropped  down  from  the  Niagara  rock  above . 

Light  gray,  coarse,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  of  the  largest  fragments 
were  of  a  cream-color,  and  consisted  of  crinoid  stem  joints,  arm  pieces  and 
one  small  base  of  a  calyx.  A  few  green,  and  one  dark  shaly  pebble  were 

noted  . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  One  joint  of  a  crinoid  stem  was  noted  and  one 

large  piece  of  rock  showed  a  fossil  like  a  Polypora . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture . 

Gray,  porous,  dolomitic  limestone . . . 

Yellowish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  somewhat  coarse  texture . . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  texture . . 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  A  few  fragments  were  of  a  straw-color  and  of 
coarse  texture  . . . 


175 

180 

185 

190 

195 

235 

240 

245 

255 

260 

265 

270 

290 

300 

380 

390 

400 

405 

415 

425 

440 

445 

455 

460 

465 

480 

500 

495 

505 

510 

515 

520 

525 

530 

535 

540 

545 

550 

555 

560 

565 

570 

575 

580 

585 

590 

595 

600 

605 

610 

615 

620 

625 

630 


635 


640 

645 

650 

655 

660 

665 

670 

675 

680 


52 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Descriptions  of  samples  from  well  at  Kankakee — Continued. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  few  fragments  were  white  in  color  and 


calcareous,  effervescing  briskly.  This  sample  also  contained  one  drift 
pebble  of  diabase  and  one  drift  pebble  of  dolomitic  limestone.  There  were 
also  one  joint  of  a  crinoid  stem,  one  fragment  of  gray  chert  and  several 
lumps  of  a  bluff,  dolomitic,  porous,  limestone,  resembling  Le  Claire  rock, 

evidently  from  the  Niagara  .  685 

Dolomitic,  gray  limestone,  with  embedded  dark  grains.  Several  fragments 

of  yellowish  white  porous  crinoidal  limestone  effervescing  briskly .  690 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  .  695 

Darkish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  .  700 

Some  dark,  some  almost  white,  dolomitic  limestone.  The  darker  fragments 

shower  black  streaks  following  the  bedding  planes... .  705 

Some  dark,  some  light  gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  Some  fragments  with  thin 

dark  seams  following  the  bedding  planes .  710 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  One  large  broken  and  etched  (?)  fragment 
showed  septae  of  a  silicified  cyathopyllid  coral.  This  sample  also  con¬ 
tained  one  rounded  pebble  of  hard  yellow  quartzite,  no  doubt  a  drift 

pebble  .  715 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture .  720 

Fine  grained,  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture .  725 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture.  Some  light  and  yellowish  frag¬ 
ments  were  present . 735 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture  .  740 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture.  Several  yellow  and  .  porous  frag¬ 
ments  were  noted.  Some  had  drusy  surfaces  and  these  effervesced  some¬ 
what  briskly.  Two  chert  fragments  and  one  of  a  brown  dolomitic  rock 

were  noted  .  745 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  splitting  in  flakes.  Some  fragments  were  of  a 

white,  obscurely  coarse  granular  and  more  calcareous  rock .  750 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  straw-colored  fragments  splitting  in 

flakes  .  755 

Darkish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  Many  fragments  with  black  material 

which  appeared  to  follow  joints  in  rock .  760 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  This  sample  contains,  besides,  one  worn  pebble 
of  greenstone  and  one  drift  pebble  of  dolomite,  and  also  a  large  fragment 

of  a  white,  calcareous  rock .  765 

Dark,  dolomitic  limestone  splitting  into  thin  flakes.  In  this  sample  was  also 
some  porous,  brown,  dolomitic  rock,  and  one  fragment  of  dark,  dolomitic, 

limestone  with  embedded  quartz  grains .  770 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  splitting  into  thin  flakes.  A  few  chips  were  some¬ 
what  shaly  and  greenish  in  color .  775 

Bluish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture .  780 

Dark,  fine  grained,  dolomitic  limestone .  785 

Fine  grained,  dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone .  790 


Mostly  finely  ground,  yellow,  and  rusty  flour  of  uniformly  sized  dolomitic 
crystals.  It  contained  one  large  fragment  of  sandy  dolomitic  shale. 

There  were  also  some  chips  of  gray  dolomitic  limestone.  (Sample  small) 
Mostly  a  yellow,  rusty  flour  of  dolomitic  limestone.  In  this  there  was  also 
one  piece  of  flint,  several  fragments  of  gabbro  from  the  drift,  one  pebble 
of  quartzite,  and  several  pieces  of  a  yellow  porous  dolomitic  rock  of  the 
Niagara.  Some  pieces  of  dolomitic  limestone  were  lines  with  drusy 


quartz  .  800 

Sample  small,  and  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  ground  rock,  drift  clay,  drift 
pebbles  of  diabase,  and  chert  and  rounded  dolomite  pebbles.  There  were 

also  pulp  and  larger  fragments  of  wood  worn  from  the  drill  poles .  805 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  One  fragment  with  an  incrustation  of  pyrite. 

One  fragment  of  yellow  ocher .  810 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture .  830 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  somewhat  porous .  840 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture,  splitting  into  thin  flakes.  One 
small  pebble  of  quartz  and  a  large  fragment  of  indurated  and  lami¬ 
nated  shaly  sandstone  were  noted .  845 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture.  Some  yellow  white,  porous,  frag¬ 
ments  were  present,  effervescing  briskly,  and  some  lumps  of  a  greenish 

shale  .  850 

Somewhat  dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture .  855 

Dark,  dolomitic  limestone  of  very  fine  texture,  with  small  black  blotches. 

There  were  also  a  few  green  flakes  of  shale .  860 

Dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone .  865 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  One  large  fragment  was  dark  and  impregnated 

with  pyrite  .  870 

Dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture  with  darker  blotches .  875 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  with  small  dark  blotches .  880 

Dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture  with  dark  blqtchy  streaks....  885 
Dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  embedded  rounded  coarse  grains  of 
quartz.  Some  few  fragments  of  dark  and  dolomitic  shale.  Some  dolo¬ 
mitic  limestone  without  sand.  One  large  fragment  of  white  and  porous 

dolomitic  rock  .  890 

Sandstone  with  a  dolomitic  intersticial  matrix.  Pyrite  present,  of  a  bright 
yellow  color.  Bulk  of  sand  consists  of  grains  measuring  from  .25  mm. 
to  1  mm.  in  diameter  .  895 


WELL  RECORDS. 


53 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Kankakee — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


One-fourth  of  the  sample  consists  of  gray,  dolomitic  limestone.  With  this 
there  were  some  pyrite,  some  crystals  of  calcite,  and  one  joint  of  a  crinoid 
stem,  and  some  pieces  of  a  pyritiferous  green  shale.  Three-fourths  of  the 
sample  consisted  of  quartz  sand,  showing  many  secondary  crystal  faces, 

the  grains  mostly  from  .25  mm.  to  1  mm.  in  diameter  .  900 

Sand  of  rounded  quartz  grains,  showing  secondary  crystal  faces,  and  the 

bulk  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter  .  925 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  most  grains  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in 
diameter.  Some  greenish  pyrites  were  noted,  and  also  some  grains  of  chert 

and  some  fragments  of  a  dark  green  shale  .  930 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  mostly  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter. 

There  were  also  some  fragments  of  concretions  of  pyrite  with  embedded 

grains  of  sand  . .  935 

Well  rounded,  white  sand  grains  measuring  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .75  mm. 

in  diameter  .  940 

Quartz  sand  with  grains  measuring  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  m.  in 
diameter,  and  showing  some  secondary  costal  faces.  There  were  several 
pieces  of  concretionary  pyrite  filling  the  interstices  between  the  sand 

grains,  and  a  few  fragments  of  dolomitic  limestone  .  945 

Quartz  sand  of  rounded  grains  varying  in  sizes  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm. 

in  diameter  .  960 

Quartz  sand,  bulk  of  grain  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter..  975 
White  quartz  sand  consisting  of  well  rounded  grains  measuring  mostly  from 
.125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  One  fragment  of  fine  sandstone  was 
slightly  micaceous.  There  were  some  fragments  of  shale,  and  some  of 

sandstone  with  a  pyritic  cement  between  the  grains  .  990 

Quartz  sand,  bulk  of  grains  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in 

diameter.  Some  pyrite  noted  .  1,005 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  with  some  secondary  crystalline  faces.  Some  pyrite 

noted  ....'. . 1,010 


Rounded  quartz  sand,  bulk  of  grains  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm. 
in  diameter.  Most  of  the  grains  have  secondary  crystalline  faces.  One 


piece  of  dark  shale  was  noted  and  there  was  one  joint  of  a  crinoid  stem.  .  1,025 

Quartz  sand  ranging  in  size  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter.  .  .  1,030 

Rounded  quartz  sand  with  the  bulk  of  the  grains  measuring  from  .125  mm. 

to  .5  mm.  in  diameter  .  1,045 

Rounded  quartz  sand  with  the  bulk  of  the  grains  measuring  from  .125  mm. 

to  .25  mm.  in  diameter  .  1,060 


Quartz  sand  with  many  grains  showing  secondary  crystal  faces,  and  bulk 
of  grains  varying  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  pieces  of 
concretions  were  noted,  consisting  of  sand  with  intersticial  pyrite  .  1,090 

Summary  interpretation  of  the  above  section. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


(Niagara  limestone).  Dolomitic  limestone,  yellow,  white,  and  gray .  300 

Cincinnatian  shale  . 1 .  105 

Galena-Trenton  (upper  part).  Dolomitic  limestone  of  mostly  coarse  texture 

and  light  color  .  *  355 

Galena-Trenton  (lower  part).  Dolomitic  limestone  of  prevailing  darker 

shale  and  finer  texture  .  120 

Dolomitic  limestone,  partly  pure  and  partly  containing  embedded  sand,  with 

some  green  shale  probably  in  separate  seams.  Beds  of  transition .  15 

(St.  Peter  sandstone).  White,  well  worn  quartz  sand  .  190 


The  descriptions  of  the  samples  show  some  varying  features,  which 
may  prove  of  value  in  correlating  other  records.  Of  these  the  following 
are  of  the  most  important. 

The  color  of  the  limestone  varies  from  almost  white  through  light 
gray,  yellowish  gray,  medium  gray  (designated  as  “gray”)  and  dark 
gray  to  almost  black.  In  the  upper  250  feet  of  the  Trenton-Galena 
series  the  prevailing  shades  are  light  gray  and  gray,  whereas  in  the  lower 
120  feet  of  this  formation,  rock  of  a  dark  gray  color  is  most  common. 

The  crystalline  grains  in  the  dolomites  vary  considerably  in  size. 
In  the  coarse-grained  samples  the  largest  grains  can  readily  be  made 
out  through  a  hand  lens,  since  they  average  from  two-tenths  to  three- 
tenths  of  a  millimeter  in  diameter.  For  the  samples  in  which  the  in¬ 
dividual  grains  are  barely  visible  under  a  hand  lens  no  description  has 


54 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


been  given,  and  for  samples  the  texture  of  which  is  still  more  compact 
it  is  described  as  “fine”  or  “very  fine.”  The  examination  of  the  samples 
shows  that  the  upper  two-thirds  of  the  Galena-Trenton  formation,  which 
has  a  light  color  ,is  coarser  in  texture  than  the  lower  and  darker  part. 
Eocks  of  fine  texture  are  represented  in  the  samples  taken  at  the  depths 
of  630  to  635,  650  to  655,  720  to  745,  770  to  805,  845  to  865,  875  to 
885  feet. 

Some  of  the  dolomitic  limestone  shows  small  dark  blotches.  These 
are  limited  chiefly  to  two  horizons:  from  570  to  615  and  from  860  to 
885  feet  below  the  surface.  Blotched  limestone  was  also  noted  in  the 
samples  from  depths  of  515,  545,  and  690  feet.  These  are  probably  due 
to  some  slight  impregnation  of  iron  sulphide. 

As  a  rule  the  limestones  are  not  porous,  excepting  certain  light  cal¬ 
careous  fragments  directly  to  be  mentioned.  The  only  samples  of  the 
main  rock  showing  distinct  minute  porosites  were  from  the  depths  of 
525,  585,  655,  and  840  feet.  The  sample  from  840  feet  was  highly 
porous. 

In  the  samples  coming  from  depths  greater  than  500  feet  were 
noted  lumps  of  a  white  or  light  yellow  rock  with  a  subcrystalline  structure 
which  usually  effervesces  briskly  with  acid.  The  lumps  were  mingled 
with  smaller  fragments  which  represent  the  bulk  of  the  Trenton  rock. 
They  are  somewhat  porous  and  in  places  exhibit  drusy,  free  surfaces. 
Occasionally  they  contain  crinoid  fragments.  It  is  well  known  that  in¬ 
crustations  of  calcite  are  common  on  the  walls  of  cavities  in  dolomitic 
rock  and  evidently  some  of  the  lumps  represent  such  incrustations  in  the 
Niagara  rock  which  have  fallen  down  from  the  upper  part  of  the  well. 
Some  have  the  characteristic  appearance  of  the  Le  Claire  limestone  and 
are  dolomitic.  This  identification  is  corroborated  by  Dr.  Stuart  Weller, 
who  has  identified  two  of  the  crinoid  fragments  as  Pisocrinus,  which  is 
characteristic  of  the  Niagaran. 

Some  black  thin  incrustations,  composed  of  manganese  oxide,  fol¬ 
lowing  joints  in  the  rock  were  noted  in  the  samples  taken  from  depths 
of  530,  575,  620,  705,  710,  and  760  feet.  Pyrite  was  noted  in  the 
limestone  from  the  depth  of  879  feet  and  in  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  in 
the  samples  taken  from  depths  of  935,  945,  990,  1005,  1010,  1045,  and 
1090  feet.  The  pyrite  occurring  in  the  samples  from  895  feet  is  yellow, 
almost  like  copper  pyrite.  The  iron  sulphide  from  the  lower  part  of  the 
St.  Peter  sandstone  is  marcasite  and  exists  partly  as  minute  crystalline 
spherules  and  partly  as  a  cement  between  grains  of  sand. 

Pebbles  of  gabbro,  diabase,  quartzite,  chert,  and  dolomite  were  noted 
in  several  samples  from  685  to  845  feet  below  the  surface.  These  have, 
of  course,  fallen  down  from  above. 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


55 


The  samples  from  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  were  submitted  to  a  rough 
mechanical  analysis  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  permanent  record  of 
the  size  of  the  grains  for  this  locality.  It  was  found  that  the  coarsest 
sand  is  in  the  upper  part  of  the  formation  where  the  maximum  ingredient 
is  from  one-fourth  millimeter  to  one  millimeter  in  diameter,  whereas  in 
the  samples  from  a  depth  of  990  feet  and  more,  the  bulk  of  the  sand 
grains  measure  from  one-eighth  to  one-fourth  of  a  millimeter. 


Approximate  mechanical  analyses  of  the  samples  of  St.  Peter  sandstone  from 

Kankakee  well.  (In  percentages  by  weight.) 


Diameters  of 


Depth  of  samples,  in  feet. 


gra-ius  hi 

millimeters. 

895. 

900. 

925. 

930. 

935. 

940. 

945. 

960. 

975. 

990. 

1,005. 

1,025. 

1,030. 

1,045. 

1,060. 

1,090. 

2-1 . 

tr. 

1-i . 

10 

70 

1 

3 

5 

10 

tr. 

tr. 

tr. 

tr. 

tr. 

2 

3 

tr . 

1 

w . 

80 

15 

35 

62 

60 

40 

40 

40 

32 

26 

10 

30 

15 

20 

30 

36 

1  1 

4  8 . 

8 

10 

45 

34 

30 

40 

50 

57 

48 

60 

70 

50 

65 

75 

60 

50 

g  and  less . 

2 

5 

19 

1 

5 

10 

10 

3 

20 

14 

20 

18 

17 

5 

9 

14 

The  sizes  of  the  sand  grains  in  some  of  these  samples  must  be  some¬ 
what  in  excess  of  the  sizes  represented  in  the  original  sediments.  Orig¬ 
inally  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  consisted  of  thoroughly  worn  and  rounded 
grains,  but  in  five  of  the  samples,  those  from  the  depths  of  900,  925,  945, 
and  1,090  feet  below  the  curb,  a  varying  proportion  of  the  grains  show 
crystal  faces,  which  are  due  to  secondary  growth.  It  appears  that  this 
growth  has  taken  place  in  certain  parts  of  the  formation  and  not  in  other 
parts,  owing  probably  to  differences  in  the  positions  of  the  strata  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  mineralizing  solutions. 


10.  CITY  WELL,  HENEY,  MAESHALL  COUNTY. 

The  Henry  city  well  was  finished  in  September,  1886.  A  set  of 
samples  kept  in  the  office  of  E.  T.  Disosway,  at  Henry,  were  examined 
by  the  writer  in  1893,  and  another  set  kept  by  Joseph  H.  Krenz  was 
examined  in  1910.  The  two  sets  were  practically  identical. 

Mr.  Krenz  also  furnished  some  data,  which  he  extracted  from  the 
minutes  of  the  work,  made  in  1886.  These  notes  are  as  follows: 

“First  105  feet  of  hole  has  8-inch  pipe;  next  150  feet  has  6-inch 
pipe.  Below  402  feet  a  3.5-inch  pipe  was  used.  From  135  to  402  feet 
the  well  was  in  shale.  The  contract  for  the  making  of  the  well  was 
given  by  the  city  to  Wm.  H.  Gray,  of  Chicago.  The  first  flow  of  water, 
15  gallons  per  minute,  was  obtained  at  a  depth  of  548  feet.  At  675  feet 
there  was  a  flow  of  60  gallons  per  minute;  at  800  feet,  a  flow  of  66  gal¬ 
lons;  at  1,118  feet,  a  flow  of  unknown  amount;  at  1,200  feet  a  flow  of 


56 


DEEP  BORIXGS  IX  ILLIXOIS. 


113  gallons;  at  1/250  feet,  one  of  115  gallons,  and  at  1,355  feet,  an  addi¬ 
tional  flow  of  325  gallons.”  The  water  still  flows.  It  is  now  used  for 
public  fountains,  for  baths,  and  for  sprinkling. 

Description  of  samples  from  Henry  city  well,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Sand  and  gravelly  soil .  ..  4 

Gravel,  1  to  10  mm.  in  diameter .  4  13 

Gravel,  2  to  5  mm.  in  diameter .  13  28 

Clean  sand  . .* .  28  31 

Gravel  and  sand  .  31  53 

Gravel,  with  calcareous  silt .  53  56 

Gravel,  sand  and  calcareous  silt .  56  70 

Gravel,  3  to  8  mm.  in  diameter .  70  75 

Clean  sand  .  75  82 

Gravel  and  sand  . .  82  85 

Clean  coarse  sand  .  85  102 

Blue  clayey  silt,  as  coarse  as  loess,  not  calcareous .  102  135 

Dark  shale,  partly  black,  with  some  calcareous  material .  135  150 

Fire  clay,  bluish  gray .  150  180 

Gray  shale,  with  some  calcareous  material,  and  some  pyrite .  180  220 

Somewhat  dark  gray,  clayey  shale,  with  calcareous  concretionary 

material  that  contains  zinc  blende,  with  some  pyrite .  220  245 

Mottled  dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture,  not  calcareous .  245  325 

A  sample  consisting  of  three  kinds  of  material :  1.  A  green  unctuous 
clay,  shale  or  fire  clay.  2.  A  black  shale,  almost  coaly.  3.  A  faintly 
brownish  gray  shale,  indistinctly  micaceous,  and  containing  Spor- 
angites  huronense  in  abundance.  The  sample  contains  more  shale 
of  the  last  kind,  than  of  either  of  the  other  two.  The  last  men¬ 
tioned  shale  is  Devonian,  the  other  two  Pennsylvanian .  325  402 

Mostly  white,  finely  granular  limestone,  effervescing  somewhat  slowly 
for  a  calcareous  rock,  also  black  calcareous  limestone,  some  black 
shale,  some  green  shale,  some  crystalline  calcite,  and  much  pyrite. 

One  fragment  noted  consisted  of  brown  colitic  spherules  1  mm.  in 
diameter.  Sporangites  huronense  noted,  also  a  fragment  of  a  fossil 
resembling  the  attenuated  apex  of  a  pteropod  shell.  This  sample  is 

believed  to  be  Devonian  limestone  and  shale .  402  426 

One  large  fragment  of  mottled  green  gray,  calcareous  and  soft  lime¬ 
stone,  studded  profusely  with  small  grains  of  pyrite.  Most  of  sample 
consists  of  white  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture,  evidently 

Devonian,  and  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  no  doubt  Niagara .  426  485 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture  and  light  cream-color .  485  490 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  light  cream-color  and  fine  texture .  490  500 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  light  dirty  yellowish  color,  with  white  chert 

and  green  cavern  clay.  Also  some  dark  gray  dolomite .  500  535 

Dolomitic  limestone,  cream-colored,  with  some  greenish  fragments....  535  540 

Dolomitic  limestone,  yellowish  gray  and  finely  porous .  540  550 

Dolomitic,  cream-colored  limestone,  with  some  shale  having  alternate 
thin  layers  of  green  and  dark,  purplish  material.  This  shale  does 

not  effervesce  with  acid .  550  630 

Dolomitic  limestone,  yellowish  white,  of  compact  even  texture .  630  750 

Like  the  preceding . 750  800 

Dolomitic  limestone,  slightly  yellowish  white,  of  fine  texture,  with  a 

few  fragments  of  slightly  porous  texture .  800  850 

Dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture,  in  part  pure  white .  850  880 

Light  gray  dolomitic  limestone  of  moderately  fine  but  porous  texture  880  890 

White  and  gray  dolomitic  limestone  of  slightly  open  texture .  890  905 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  .  905  935 

Mostly  a  very  fiine-grained,  bluish  gray,  siliceous  sandstone  with  a 
dolomitic  matrix,  sand  grains  measuring  about  .04  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  rock  is  studded  with  black  specks  or  grains  of  pyrite,  apparently 

slightly  smaller  than  the  quartz  grains .  935  965 

Bluish  light  gray  calcareous  shale,  with  fragments  of  rock  like  that 

in  the  preceding  sample.  Also  some  fossil-bearing  shaly  limestone.  .  965  1,0-40 

Dolomitic  gray  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale .  1,040  1,100 

Dark  gray  shale  and  cream  gray  dolomitic  limestone .  1,100  1,200 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  green  shale  in  large 

fragments  .  1,200  1,345 

Some  dark  gray  and  some  brownish  black  and  shaly  dolomitic  lime¬ 
stone  .  1,345  1,355 

From  the  surface  to  135  feet  is  drift.  From  135  feet  below  the 
surface  to  some  point  between  325  and  402  feet  is  Pennsylvanian.  From 
some  point  above  402  to  or  a  little  below  this  figure  is  Sweetland  Creek 
shale  of  the  Devonian.  Below  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale  there  is  some 


WELL  RECORDS. 


57 


Devonian  limestone,  probably  some  50  feet.  The  top  of  the  Niagara 
limestone  lies  higher  than  485  feet  below  the  surface,  and  extends  down 
to  935  feet.  From  935  to  1,100  feet  is  mostly  and  probably  all,  Cin¬ 
cinnatian.  The  remainder  is  probably  all  Galena. 


11  AND  12.  PRINCETON  CITY  WELLS,  PRINCETON,  BUREAU  COUNTY. 

In  1889  the  city  of  Princeton  completed  a  deep  well  for  the  purpose 
of  securing  a  supply  of  water,  and  in  the  summer  of  1892  the  writer 
made  a  visit  to  the  city  to  obtain  data  upon  it.  The  well  is  located 
southwest  of  the  intersection  of  North  and  Main  streets.  The  engineer 
at  the  city  water  works  states  that  the  well  was  cased  to  a  depth  of  400 
feet,  and  that  the  water  at  first  rose  to  within  50  feet  of  the  curb  of  the 
well,  but  that  it  was  pumped  from  a  depth  of  130  feet  in  1892.  By 
aneroid  measurement,  checked  to  the  level  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  Railroad  depot,  the  elevation  of  the  curb  was  made  out  to 
be  700  feet  above  sea  level.  A  hasty  examination  was  made  of  some 
samples  of  the  drillings,  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Jacob  Miller,  President 
of  the  Princeton  Academy  of  Science,  who  furnished  a  record  of.  the 
strata  penetrated  in  the  well.  The  driller’s  record  was  as  below: 


Record  of  the  city  well  drilled  at  Princeton,  Illinois. 


Clay  . 

Quicksand  . . 

Clay  . 

Quicksand  . '.  . . 

Shale  . 

Limestone  . 

Shale  . 

Limestone  mixed  with  shale 

Limestone  . 

Shale  . 

Limestone  . 

Limestone  mixed  with  shale 

Limestone  . 

Limestone  mixed  with  sand. 

Quicksand  . 

“Limestone,  Trenton”  . 

“St.  Peter  sandstone”  . 

“Calciferous”  . 


Thickness 
in  feet. 

182 

8 

30 

320 

190 

385 

15 

20 

15 

25 

120 

20 

70 

60 

20 

220 

160 

785 


A  few  years  later  a  second  well  was  drilled  a  short  distance  east  of 
the  first  well.  The  driller’s  record  of  this  well  is  as  below: 


Record  of  second  city  well  drilled  at  Princeton,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Clay  . 0  47 

Sand  and  gravel  .  47  57 

Hardpan  .  57  145 

Sand  and  gravel  .  145  150 

Hardpan  .  150  175 

Sand  and  gravel  with  hard  streaks .  175  372 

Slate  .  372  447 

Limestone  .  447  655 

Slate  .  655  660 

Limestone  .  660  1,037 


58 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Record  of  second  city  well  drilled  at  Princeton — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 

Slate  .  1,037  1,050 

Limestone  mixed  with  slate .  1,050  1,095 

Limestone  .  1,095  1,105 

Limestone  mixed  with  slate .  1,105  1,180 

Limestone  .  1,180  1,295 

Slate  .  1,295  1,305 

Limestone  .  1,305  1,521 

St.  Peter  .  1,521  1,670 

Slate  . 1,670  1,680 

Limestone  and  sand  .  If 680  1,850 

St.  Peter  sand  rock  .  1,850  1,975 

Limestone  . .  .  .  .  .  1,975  2,095 


Some  samples  of  the  cuttings  from  this  well  had  been  preserved  for 
several  years  in  a  glass  tube.  These  were  kindly  submitted  for  exam¬ 
ination.  The  cuttings  were  in  quantities  proportionate  to  the  thickness 
of  the  strata  intended  to  be  represented,  and  may  be  described  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 


Description  of  samples  of  drillings  from  second  city  ivell,  Princeton,  Illinois. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Boulder  clay  . 

Gravel  . . 

Boulder  clay  . 

Gravel  . 

Boulder  clay  . 

Sand  and  gravel  with  hard  streaks . 

Light  gray  shale  with  some  fragments . 

Grayish  white  dolomitic  limestone,  some  fragments  being  porous, 

others  compact  . 

Light  gray  cavern  clay  . 

Light  grayish  white  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  and  porous  structure 

Greenish,  light-gray  shale  . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  coarsely  crystalline  and  in  some  places  highly 
porous,  with  some  green  shale.  Calcite  and  zinc  blende  were  noted. 
Calcite  was  seen  lining  a  free  cavernous  surface  on  one  fragment.  . 
Cream-colored,  unctuous  (cavern?)  clay,  a  fragment  of  which  was 

dotted  with  exceedingly  minute  black  specks . 

Cream-colored  dolomitic  limestone  of  somewhat  coarse  texture . 

Clear  sand  consisting  of  grains  averaging  .125  mm.  in  diameter.  The 

larger  grains  were  rounded  the  smaller  ones  mostly  angular . 

Dark  olive-colored,  almost  greenish-black  shale,  stony,  with  some  sand 
having  crystalline  faces  due  to  secondary  growth.  These  sand 
grains  were  seen  to  have  been  embedded  in  a  white  dolomitic 
matrix.  The  shale  has  a  translucent  lustre  and  a  serpentine-like 

appearance.  It  softens  on  the  application  of  acid . 

Several  materials  are  mixed  in  this  sample.  Most  of  it  is  rounded 
quartz  sand.  Many  of  the  larger  fragments  are  shale,  like  that  in 
layer  above.  There  is  some  straw-colored  dolomitic  limestone  and 
some  white  chert.  Some  fragments  not  effervescing  on  the  applica¬ 
tion  of  acid  are  brick-red  and  have  a  hackly  fracture  and  a  hardness 

of  about  5  or  6 . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  cream-colored,  with  some  sand . 


0 

47 

47 

57 

57 

145 

145 

150 

150 

175 

175 

372 

372 

447 

447 

655 

655 

660 

660 

1,037 

1,037 

1,050 

1,050 

1,295 

1,295 

1,305 

1,305 

1,521 

1,521 

1,670 

1,670  1,680 


1,680  1,850 
1,850  1,975 


The  lowest  part  of  the  tube,  representing  the  strata  from  1,975  to 
2,092  feet  below  the  surface,  was  empty. 


The  two  wells  are  close  together  and  it  is  not  at  all  likely  that  the 
strata  penetrated  are  as  represented.  The  correct  interpretation  of  the 
record  seems  doubtful.  According  to  Mr.  Miller’s  samples,  which  were 
examined  by  the  writer  in  1892,  the  drift  extended  down  to  440  feet 
below  the  surface.  This  was  also  the  thickness  of  the  drift  given  in  the 
driller’s  record.  According  to  the  record  and  the  samples  from  the  sec¬ 
ond  well  the  drift  extended  only  to  a  depth  of  370  feet,  and  was  fol¬ 
lowed  by  light-grav  shale  of  the  “Coal  Measures.” 


WELL  RECORDS. 


59 


Then  follow  600  feet  of  limestone  in  the  first  well,  and  585  feet  of 
limestone  in  the  second  well.  The  upper  200  feet  of  this  limestone  is 
almost  white,  very  fine  in  texture,  and  dolomitic,  thus  resembling  a 
limestone  found  in  a  similar  situation  in  the  Depue  well  belonging  to 
the  Mineral  Point  Zinc  Company.  This  limestone  may  be  Devonian, 
resembling  the  lowest  Devonian  on  the  Mississippi  in  Color,  texture,  and 
in  its  quartz  contents.  In  the  driller’s  log  of  the  first  well  this  part  of 
the  section  appears  to  have  been  reported  as  shale,  but  Miller’s  samples 
from  this  depth  consist  of  limestone.  It  would  seem  that  the  driller 
noted,  at  any  rate,  a  difference  between  this  limestone  and  the  un¬ 
doubted  Niagaran  limestone  which  underlies  it.  All  the  records,  as 
well  as  the  samples,  show  shale  at  a  depth  of  about  1,030  feet,  but  the 
base  of  the  shale,  which  is  the  Cincinnatian,  lies  considerably  lower  in 
the  first  well  (1,190  feet)  than  in  the  second  well  (about  1,095  feet). 
Some  sand  appears  in  the  Galena  in  the  first  well,  but  not  in  the  second 
well.  In  the  first  well  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  is  reported  as  lying  from 
1,600  to  1,640  feet  below  the  surface,  but  in  the  second  well,  both  the 
samples  and  the  records  show  this  bed  at  a  depth  of  from  1,520  to  1,670 
feet.  This  latter  record  appears  more  probable.  Measuring  by  poles 
may  account  for  the  variant  record  in  the  first  well.  The  underlying 
limestone,  extending  down  to  2,525  feet  below  the  surface,  is  no  doubt 
the  Oneota. 

13.  FIRST  GENESEO  CITY  WELL,  GENESEO,  HENRY  COUNTY. 

The  city  of  Geneseo  bored  a  well  2,252  feet  deep  in  1887,  a  short 
distance  east  of  the  Chicago,  Pock  Island  and  Pacific  Eailroad  station. 
A  memory  record  of  the  strata  genetrated  in  its  first  126  feet  was  given 
to  the  writer  by  the  engineer,  Mr.  A.  Eoback,  in  1892,  and  is  as  follows : 

Record  of  well  at  Geneseo,  Illinois. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


Black  soil  .  3 

Loam,  changing  into  sand  mixed  with  gravel  .  10 

Clay  with  boulders  .  40 

Black  shale  .  4 

Coal  . 1 

Shale  .  •  38 

Coal  .  3 

Fireclay  .  27 

Limestone  .  120 


The  altitude  of  the  curb  of  the  well  is  645  feet  by  aneroid,  checked 
to  railroad  elevation  at  the  station.  In  1892  the  water  stood  21  feet 
above  the  curb,  and  was  therefore  flowing.  The  first  flow  of  water, 
amounting  to  only  18  gallons  a  minute,  according  to  Mr.  Eoback,  was 
obtained  at  a  depth  of  980  feet.  This  water  had  a  sulphurous  odor. 
The  second  flow,  amounting  to  40  gallons  a  minute,  was  obtained  at  1,300 


60 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


feet;  the  third  flow,  amounting  to  75  gallons  a  minute,  came  at  a  depth 
of  1,400  feet,  and  the  fourth  flow  was  from  a  depth  of  1,640  feet.  This 
increased  the  total  flow  of  the  well  to  200  gallons  a  minute.  The  salinity 
of  the  water  increased  below  this  depth  and  for  this  reason  the  drilling 
ceased  at  2,252  feet.  Mr.  D.  M.  Stamm,  of  Geneseo,  made  an  analysis 
of  the  water  befoi'e  1892,  and  this  gave  the  following  results  in  grains 
per  U.  S.  gallon: 


Analysis  of  water  from  well  at  Geneseo,  Illinois. 

[In  grains  per  U.  S.  gallon  of  231  cubic  inches.] 


Sodium  chloride  (NaCl)  .  90.403 

Sodium  sulphate  (Na2S04)  .  11.340 

Calcium  sulphate  (CaS04)  .  24.105 

Calcium  carbonate  (CaC03)  4.583 

Magnesium  carbonate  (MgC03)  .  10.231 

Ferrous  carbonate  (FeC03)  . 200 

Alumina  (A1q03)  .  1.806 

Silica  (Si02)  .  8.550 

Carbon  dioxide  (C02)  .  6.497 


The  temperature  of  the  water  flowing  in  1892  was  65°  F. 

The  same  year  a  set  of  drillings,  kept  by  the  city  engineer,  was 
examined  by  the  writer  and  the  following  notes  were  made : 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Geneseo,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Black  shale  . : .  100 

White  limestone  (Devonian)  .  122 

Limestone  (recognized  as  Niagaran)  .  220 

Limestone  (recognized  as  Niagaran)  .  320 

Limestone  (recognized  as  Niagaran)  .  420 

Shale  .  600 

Shale,  with  some  fragments  of  limestone  .  650 

Marly  material  and  pulverized  limestone  .  700 

Limestone,  with  some  fragments  of  shale  .  900 

Limestone  .  05u 

Limestone  .  1,000 

White  sand,  fine  in  texture  . 1,075 

Dark,  greenish-blue  shale  .  1,115 

Sandstone,  recognized  as  St.  Peter  .  1,125 

Greenish  shale  .  1,185 

White  sand,  with  some  rusty  grains  .  1,205 

White  sand  mixed  with  white  limestone  .  1,240 

Sand,  with  some  brown  grains  . - .  2,090 

Rose-colored  sand,  with  some  brown  grains  and  some  green  grains . 2,225 


A  record  of  the  strata  of  this  well  was  published  in  The  Geneseo 
News  for  August  18,  1887,  and  a  copy  of  this  record  was  obtained  in 
1910  and  is,  with  the  writer’s  interpretation  of  the  record  and  the  sam¬ 
ples,  as  below: 


Interpretation  of  record  of  well  at  Geneseo,  Illinois. 


Thickness 
in  feet. 


Pleistocene ,  drift,  J/2  feet. 

Blue  clay  .  35 

Sand  and  gravel  .  35 

Pennsylvanian,  “Coal  Measures  ,”  82  feet. 

Blue  shale  .  38 

Blue  limestone  .  4 

Black  shale  . 40 


Silurian,  Niagaran  (perhaps  with  some  Devonian),  1/26  feet. 
Gray  limestone  . 


Depth 
in  feet. 

35 

35 

80 

84 

124 

550 


WELL  EE  CO  EDS. 


61 


Interpretation  of  record  of  well  at  Geneseo — Concluded. 


Thickness  Depth 
in  feet,  in  feet. 


Ordovician ,  Cincinnatian,  95  feet. 

Blue  shale  . .  95  645 

Ordovician,  Galena-Trenton,  1/30  feet. 

White  limestone  .  430  1,075 

Ordovician,  St.  Peter,  115  feet. 

Note. — Water  began  to  flow  here,  35  gallons  per  minute. 

Sandstone  .  35  1,110 

Blue  shale  .  5  1,115 

Sandstone  .  67  1,182 

Blue  shale  .  8  1,190 

Ordovician,  Oneota,  8J/5  feet. 

Sandstone  mixed  with  limestone  .  410  1,600 

Note. — Big  flow  struck  here,  200  gallons  in  1  minute  and 
10  second. 

Limestone  .  435  2,035 

Cambrian,  Potsdam,  215  feet. 

Sandstone  . 125  2,160 

Limestone  . ?..  25  2,185 

Red  shale  .  30  2,215 

Red  sand  .  10  2,225 

Limestone  . 25  2,250 


14.  WELL  OF  MODEEN  WOODMEN  OF  AMEEICA,  EOCK  ISLAND,  EOCK  ISLAND 

COUNTY. 

The  Modern  Woodmen  of  America  drilled  an  artesian  well  near  the 
main  office  in  Rock  Island,  Ill.  in  June  and  July,  1909.  A  description 
of  samples  taken  by  the  drillers  is  as  below : 


Record  of  well  at  RocTc  Island,  Illinois. 

Depth  below 
curb 
in  feet. 


Dolomitic  cream-colored  limestone  .  165 

Dolomitic  limestone,  porous  .  180 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white,  cavernous- . ■ . . .  195 

Dolomitic  limestone,  coarsely  granular,  white,  with  some  dark,  compact  and 

pyritiferous  dolomite,  and  two  large  fragments  of  sandstone  .  225 

Dolomitic  limestone,  coarsely  crystalline,  white,  with  some  lumps  of  green 

clay  .  245 

Like  the  above  .  260 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white,  coarse  .  275 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white,  porous,  coarse  .  290 

Like  the  above  .  305 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white,  coarsely  crystalline,  porous,  with  cavities  from 

dissolved  joints  of  crinoid  stems  .  320 

Dolomitic  limestone,  porous  and  coarse  .  330 

Like  the  preceding  .  345 

Dolomitic  limestone,  white  .  360 

Like  the  preceding  .  380 

Dolomitic  limestone,  gray,  with  a  few  fragments  of  white  chert .  405 

Shale,  light  gray,  effervesces  with  acid  .  420 

Like  the  preceding  .  440 

Shale,  light  gray,  with  fragments  of  a  dolomitic  limestone  having  streaks 
of  a  black  pyritiferous  material,  spherical  clusters  of  cubic  crystals  of 

pyrite  and  a  minute  bryozoan  .  465 

Like  the  preceding,  except  that  the  black  material  in  the  limestone  is  in 

minute  specks.  Bryozoa  noted  .  480 

Shale,  slightly  silty,  with  fragments  of  limestone  streaked  with  black  ;  occa¬ 
sional  grains  of  quartz  and  pyrite  present,  but  less  than  in  preceding  sample  500 

Like  the  preceding,  with  small  spherules  of  pyrite .  515 

Like  the  preceding,  with  a  small  bryozoan  or  a  favositid  with  small  polyps 

and  a  flat  corallum . -. .  525 

Shaly  limestone,  gray,  dolomitic,  with  some  flaky  shale  .  550 

Greenish  gray  clay,  effervescence  with  acid  hardly  perceptible .  567 

Dolomitic  limestone,  dark  gray,  fine  grained  .  582 

Shale,  dark  gray,  bituminous  in  appearance  .  600 

Dark  shale,  almost  black  when  wet  .  620 

Dolomitic  limestone,  rusty  gray  .  635 

Like  the  preceding  . . .  655 

Dolomitic  limestone,  rusty  yellowish  gray,  coarse  in  texture .  670 

Dolomitic  limestone,  faintly  yellowish  gray  .  685 

Like  the  preceding  .  705 


62 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Record  of  well  at  Rock  Island — Concluded. 

Depth  below 
curb 


Like  the  preceding  .  720 

Dolomitic  limestone,  lighter  .  735 

Like  the  preceding  . *. .  750 

Dolomitic  limestone,  yellowish  gray,  with  a  few  small  white  fragments 

of  chert  .  765 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  white  fragments  of  dolomite .  780 

Dolomite  limestone,  yellowish  with  some  small  fragments  of  white  chert.  . .  .  810 

Dolomite  limestone,  straw-colored  .  835 

Like  the  preceding  .  850 

Dolomitic  limestone,  of  a  rusty  color  .  865 

Limestone,  gray,  not  dolomitic  .  880 

Like  the  preceding  .  895 

Limestone,  calcareous,  gray  with  one  lump  of  sandstone  .  905 

Limestone,  gray,  calcareous  .  920 

Like  the  preceding  .  935 

Limestone,  gray,  effervesces  briskly ;  with  minute  black  specks,  and  small 

crystals  of  pyrite .  950 

Sand,  of  rounded,  clear  quartz  grains,  rather  small .  965 

Greenish  gray  shale  .  980 

Sand,  coarse  rounded  grains ;  with  some  thin  fragments  of  a  stiff  green 

shale  .  1,005 

Clean  quartz  sand  .  1,020 

Like  the  preceding,  but  coarser  .  1,035 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,055 

Quartz  sand,  cream-colored,  of  somewhat  fine  texture  .  1,070 

Quartz  sand,  yellowish,  fine  in  texture  .  1,080 

Like  the  preceding,  slightly  finer  in  texture  .  1,110 

Green  shale  .  1,123 


No  samples  were  seen  from  the  uppermost  160  feet  of  this  well,  but 
from  other  wells  drilled  in  the  city  and  from  outcrops  of  rock  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  it  is  known  that  its  uppermost  sixty  feet  are  in 
Devonian  limestone.  This  is  underlain  by  360  feet  of  Niagaran  lime¬ 
stone.  The  shale  and  included  limestone  below  this  to  a  depth  of  620 
feet  is  the  Cincinnati  formation.  The  Galena  limestone,  which  is 
dolomitic,  extends  from  620  to  880  feet,  and  under  this  there  are  85  feet 
of  Trenton  limestone,  which  is  calcareous.  The  lowermost  160  feet  con¬ 
sist  of  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  and  its  associated  shales. 


15.  OLD  CITY  WELL,  MONMOUTH,  WARREN  COUNTY. 

This  well  is  located  at  No.  410  N.  Sixth  Street.  It  is  the  first  deep 
well  made  in  Monmouth,  and  was  begun  in  1887.  Drillings  were  taken 
at  intervals  of  from  five  to  twenty  feet,  and  a  report  of  the  strata,  based 
on  an  examination  of  these  samples,  was  made  by  Prof.  J.  H.  Southwell, 
and  published  on  p.  66,  Vol.  VIII  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Illinois. 
This  report  is  as  follows: 


Geologic  section  of  well  at  Monmouth. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 


Drift,  clay  .  67 

“Coal  Measure”  shale  .  5 

Burlington  limestone  . 96 

Kinderhook  shale  .  124 

Devonian  shale  and  limestone  . .  109 

Niagara  limestone  .  68 

Cincinnati  shale  . 83 

Trenton  limestone  .  526 

St.  Peter  sandstone  .  154 


Depth 
in  feet. 

67 

72 

166 

292 

401 

469 

552 

1,078 

1,232 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


63 


In  1910  the  writer  procured  sub-samples  from  the  set  of  samples 
which  were  taken  when  the  well  was  made  and  were  still  preserved. 
Below  is  a  detailed  description  of  these  samples,  with  the  writer’s  deter¬ 
minations  of  the  formations  represented. 


Descriptions  of  samples  from  old  city  well  at  Monmouth,  Illinois. 


Thickness 
in  feet. 


Drift ,  53  feet. 

Loess  soil  . 

Boulder  clay  . 

Yellow  sand  . 

Yellow  silt . 

Boulder  clay  . 

Yellow  sand  and  gravel  . 

“ Coal  Measures, ”  19  feet. 

Soft  shale  . 

Gray  shale  . . 

Burlington  limestone ,  96  feet. 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  with  chert  and  occasional  crinoid 

stems,  seen  in  nine  successive  samples . 

Dolomitic,  porous  limestone  . 

Dolomitic  limestone,  with  chert  . 

Kinderhook  shale,  122  feet. 

Greenish  gray  shale  with  crinoid  stems  and  pyrite  (2  sam¬ 
ples)  . 

Greenish  gray  shale,  (2  samples) . 

Greenish  shale,  with  pyrite  . 

Greenish  gray  shale  (3  samples) . 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  calcareous  fragments  (2  samples) 

Greenish  gray  shale  (6  samples) . 

Greenish  gray  shale  with  crinoid  fragments . 

Greenish  gray  shale  (3  samples) . 

Devonian  (Sweetland  Creek)  shale,  15k  feet. 

Dark  gray  shale  . 

Black,  or  dark  gray,  shale  containing  Sporangites  huronense 

and  denticles  of  annelids  (?) . 

Gray  shale,  containing  Sporangites  huronense  (12  samples).. 
Dark  gray  shale,  with  Sporangites  huronense  and  spherical 

concretions  of  pyrite  %-in.  in  diameter . 

Gray  shale  with  Sporangites  huronense  (4  samples) . 

Dolomitic,  finely  granular  rock,  resembling  the  lower  stony 
layers  of  the  Sweetland  Creek  beds  (2  samples).  There 
were  also  noted  some  shale,  some  octahedral  crystals  of 
pyrite,  several  joints  of  crinoid  stems  and  one  crinoid  plate 
Devonian  (Cedar  Valley)  limestone,  78  feet. 

Calcareous  limestone  with  pyrite  and  crinoid  stems,  mixed 
with  some  material  like  that  in  the  previous  sample  (2 

samples)  . 

Mainly  calcareous  limestone,  mixed  with  shaly  material. 
Pyrite  present.  Chetetes  (?)  noted.  A  few  grains  of  in¬ 
tensely  green  color.  Some  limestone  fragments  show  minute 
grains  of  a  black  substance  which  does  not  effervesce  with 
acid  (bituminous?).  Some  green  shale  of  very  fine  tex¬ 
ture,  and  some  calcite  crystals . 

Calcareous  limestone  . 

Gray  shale,  stony  and  with  fragments  of  fossils . 

Gray,  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  shale,  and  some  frag- 
•  ments  of  limestone  with  black  grains,  and  with  occasional 

fragments  of  shells  and  of  bryozoa  (7  samples) . 

White,  brittle,  compact,  calcareous  limestone,  like  the  rock  in 

in  the  lowest  Devonian  at  Rock  Island . . . 

Silurian  (Niagaran)  limestone,  58  feet. 

Gray,  blotched  and  compact,  dolomitic  limestone  (3  samples) 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  (2  samples) . 

Light  gray  dolomitic  limestone  (6  samples) . 

Ordovician  (Cincinnatian)  shale,  81  feet. 

Bluish  gray  shale,  with  pyrite  in  uppermost  sample  (6  sam¬ 
ples)  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  sperical  concretions  of  pyrite  and  a 
few  fragments  of  black,  bituminous,  calcareous  limestone 
Gray  shale,  one  sample  giving  slow  effervescence  with  acid 

(6  samples)  . 

Dark  gray,  granular  shale  . 

Ordovician  ( Galena-Trenton)  limestone,  kl3  feet. 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  (5  samples) . 

Dark  shaly  dolomitic  rock,  falling  into  fragments  in  acid 
(2  samples)  . 


2 

12 

4 

16 

3 

16 

14 

5 


83 

5 

8 


15 

11 

6 

15 

10 

37 

5 

23 


14 

79 

5 

32 


15 


10 


18 

6 

5 

(?)  4 
30 


16 

10 

32 


31 


38 


27 

10 


Depth 
in  feet. 

2 

14 

15 
87 
40 
53 

67 

72 


155 

160 

168 


183 

194 

200 

215 

225 

262 

267 

290 

299 

313 

392 

397 

429 


444 


454 


472 

478 

483 

(?)  487 
517 

522 

538 

548 

580 


611 

676 

654 

661 

688 

698 


64 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Descriptions  of  samples  from  old  city  well  at  Monmouth — Concluded. 

Thickness  Depth 
in  feet.  in  feet. 


Ordovician  (Galena-Trenton)  limestone ,  J/13  feet — Concluded. 

Dark  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  (7  samples) .  39  737 

Greenish  gray,  shaly,  dolomitic  limestone .  9  746 

Dolomitic  limestone,  dark  gray  (3  samples) .  19  765 

Dolomitic  limestone,  some  gray,  some  straw-color,  and  some 

greenish;  with  some  pyrite  (2  samples).. .  15  780 

Dull  straw-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  (13  samples) .  75  855 

Dull  straw-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  green 

shale  (2  samples)  .  9  864 

Straw-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  (3  samples) .  12  876 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white  chert 

(2  samples)  .  14  890 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  (2  samples) .  5  895 

Green  shale  . 5  900 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  .  4  904 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  shale  and  some 
chert.  The  shale  is  associated  with  limestone,  alternating 

writh  it  in  thin  layers  .  31  935 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  ;  in  middle  sample  porous 

(3  samples)  .  37  972 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  pyrite  and  shale...  20  992 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  shale .  12  1,004 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  fragments  of  a  black 
rock  containing  a  high  percent  of  bitumen,  possibly  50 

per  cent  .  11  1,015 

Cream-colored,  dolomitic  limestone  with  a  little  chert .  7  1,022 

Dull  brown,  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  chert  and  some 

green  shale  .  13  1,035 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone  with  chert  of  the  same  color .  15  1,050 

Dull  straw-colored,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white 

calcareous  limestone  .  3  1,053 

Dull  straw-colored,  calcareous  limestone  .  7  1,060 

Gray  limestone,  somewhat  dolomitic  .  9  1,069 

Gray,  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  green  shale  marked  by 

foliated  black  blotches  .  5  1,074 

Ordovician  (St.  Peter)  sandstone,  156  feet. 

Coarse  rounded  quartz  sand  with  about  half  of  the  grains 

having  secondary  crystalline  growth .  9  1,083 

Rounded  quartz  sand  (10  samples) .  59  1,142 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  finer  in  texture  (5  samples) .  35  1,177 

Somewhat  coarse,  rounded  quartz  sand .  7  1,184 

Medium  fine  rounded  quartz  sand  (4  samples) .  29  1,213 

Moderately  coarse  quartz  sand  and  green  shale .  5  1,218 

Coarse  rounded  quartz  sand  .  3  1,221 

Fine  quartz  sand  .  4  1,225 

Coarse  sand  and  green  shale  .  5  1,230 

Ordovician  (Lower  Magnesian)  limestone,  2  feet. 

White  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  sand .  2  1,232 


The  above  record  of  the  formations  made  out  from  the  drillings  must 
be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  records  from  any  boring  of 
equal  depth  in  the  State.  It  shows  that  the  Xiagaran  limestone  has  a 
much  smaller  thickness  than  it  has  farther  north  or  farther  east.  This 
is  due  probably  to  pre-Devonian  erosion.  The  shale  between  the  Burling¬ 
ton  and  the  Cedar  Valley  limestones  exhibits  two  divisions:  a  lower 
darker  part  which  contains  Sporangites  huronense  throughout  its  entire 
thickness,  and  which,  without  a  doubt,  is  the  equivalent  of  the  Sweetland 
Creek  shale  in  Iowa,  and  a  lighter,  upper  part  which  is  destitute,  so  far 
as  observed,  of  Sporangites ,  and  which  probably  is  the  equivalent  of  the 
Ivinderhook  shales  at  Burlington  in  Iowa.  These  two  shales  may  be 
unconformable. 

16.  CITY  WELL,  NO.  3,  GALESBURG,  KNOX  COUNTY. 

Veil  Xo.  3  of  the  city  waterworks  of  Galesburg  .is  located  about  420 
feet  southeast  of  the  crossing  of  Main  and  Henderson  streets.  Samples 


WELL  RECORDS. 


65 


were  taken  from  this  well  to  represent  each  separate  formation  pene¬ 
trated,  and  sub-samples  from  these  were  submitted  to  the  writer  in  the 
spring  of  1910,  by  Mr.  F.  N.  Conolly,  the  city  engineer,  three  years  after 
the  well  was  made.  W.  H.  Gray  &  Bros.,  of  Chicago,  were  the  con¬ 
tractors.  Work  was  begun  on  July  27,  1906,  and  the  well  was  completed 
the  following  year.  The  elevation  of  the  curb  of  the  well  is  about  750 
feet  above  sea  level.  Its  diameter  is  sixteen  inches  at  the  top  of  the 
well  and  eight  inches  at  its  bottom.  A  16-inch  casing  extends  down  81 
feet;  a  12-inch  extends  257  feet  farther;  a  10-inch  extends  42  feet;  and 
an  8-inch  extends  410  feet.  The  water  does  not  flow,  and  when  highest 
it  stands  160  feet  from  the  surface.  Air-lift  is  used  for  pumping  and  the 
maximum  yield  is  160  gallons  per  minute.  The  principal  water  bed  is  at 
1,080  feet  below  the  surface.  The  descriptions  of  the  samples  sub¬ 
mitted  are  as  follows : 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  3„  Galesburg,  Illinois. 


Black  loam  . 

Loess,  showing  tubular  penetrations  from  roots  of  vegetation.... 

Clayey  sand  . . . 

Sand  . 

Clean  sand  and  gravel . 

Shale,  dark  . 

Black  coaly  shale,  with  shaly  coal . 

Light  gray  fire  clay,  with  some  small  fragments  of  coal . 

Gray,  sandy  limestone  . 

Grayish  white  shale  . 

Gray  shale  of  the  “Coal  Measures”  . 

Dark  gray  shale  of  the  “Coal  Measures”  . 

Light,  bluish-gray,  unctucous  shale,  into  which  have  been  worked 
small  splinters  of  a  white  chert  such  as  is  found  in  the  Bur¬ 
lington  limestone  . 

Gray  shale  containing  Sporangites  huronense  in  abundance.  The 

specimen  is  labeled  “brown  shale” . 

Dolomitic,  shaly  limestone  of  gray  color  (Devonian) . 

White,  dolomitic  limestone  of  coarse  crystalline  texture  (Niagaran) 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray,  fine-grained,  dolomitic  limestone . 

Gray  shale.  The  original  label  reads:  “Brown  shale” . 

Yellowish  gray,  dolomitic  limestone  . 

Sandstone  (St.  Peter)  . 

Coarse,  clean,  quartz  sand . 

Coarse,  clean,  quartz  sand . 

Fine,  clean,  quartz  sand . 


Depth 

Thick¬ 

ness 

in  feet. 

in  feet. 

4 

4 

12 

8 

30 

18 

50 

20 

75 

25 

83 

8 

85 

2 

100 

15 

140 

40 

175 

30 

200 

25 

230 

30 

245 

15 

330 

85 

380 

50 

550 

170 

650 

100 

680 

30 

750 

70 

*370 

*750 

1,100 

30 

1,150 

50 

1,170 

20 

1,215 

45 

The  chert  fragments  in  the  sample  of  shale  at  the  depth  of  245  feet 
indicates  the  presence  of  a  remnant  of  the  chert  of  the  Burlington  lime¬ 
stone  at  the  unconformity  below  the  base  of  the  “Coal  Measures.”  The 
record  of  Galesburg  city  well,  No.  1  shows,  at  about  the  same  level,  fifteen 
feet  of  “limestone  and  flint,”  which  presumably  is  a  thicker  remnant  of 
the  same  formation,  and  which  corroborates  the  inference  stated  as  to 
the  source  of  this  chert  in  the  clay  in  well  No.  3.  The  writer’s  inter- 

*Evidently  wrong. 


—5  G 


66 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


pretation  of  the  formations  represented  by  the  samples  submitted  is  as 
follows : 


Formations  represented  by  the  samples  of  drillings  from  the  Galesburg 

well  No.  3. 


Thickness 
in  feet. 


Pleistocene  .  75 

Pennsylvanian  .  165 

Remnant  of  Mississippian  cherts . Small 

Sweetland  Creek,  Devonian  shale  .  90 

Devonian  limestone  .  50 

Niagaran  limestone  .  160 

Cincinnatian  shale  .  200 

Galena  and  Trenton  limestone .  350 


17.  WELL  ON  W.  B.  MANLOVE's  FARM,  BIRMINGHAM  TOWNSHIP, 

SCHUYLER  COUNTY. 

The  Schuyler  Oil  and  Gas  Company  made  a  well  in  1909  on  the 
farm  belonging  to  W.  B.  Manlove,  located  in  Birmingham  Township, 
Schuyler  County,  about  four  miles  southeast  of  the  town  of  Plymouth. 
Samples  of  the  drillings  from  this  well  were  submitted  to  the  writer  by 
Mr.  J.  E.  Wilson,  the  contractor. 

In  a  letter  dated  May  26,  1909,  at  Plymouth,  Ill.,  Mr.  Wilson  wrote 
as  follows :  “On  account  of  caving  we  have  had  to  abandon  this  well  at 
1,125  feet,  but  will  drill  again  at  once.  After  passing  through  about 
420  feet  of  blue  shale,  we  struck  limestone,  drilled  through  that  about 
230  feet.  Then  we  struck  sandstone  and  have  drilled  in  that  about  230 
feet.  When  we  struck  this  sandstone  we  got  a  flood  of  water.  It  came 
to  the  top  and  ran  out,  and  has  increased  in  volume  till  it  now  runs  45 
gallons  per  minute.  We  have  piped  it  twenty  feet  above  the  top  and  the 
force  does  not  seem  to  be  diminished. 

Some  of  the  samples  may  not  be  marked  just  right,  as  I  had  to  rely 
on  my  men  during  my  absence  from  the  work/5  (Signed)  J.  E. 
Wilson. 

The  samples  referred  to  were  examined  by  the  writer.  They  are 
described  below : 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Manlove  well  Schuyler  County ,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Crinoidal  calcareous  limestone,  with  much  chert,  which  is  filled  with  frag¬ 
ments  of  fossils,  mainly  bryozoa  and  brachiopoda.  The  chert  is  opalescent 

white  .  50 

Like  the  preceding.  One  fragment  contained  light  green  particles .  60 

Mostly  nonfossiliferous  white  chert,  with  which  there  is  some  dolomitic  lime¬ 
stone.  There  were  two  fragments  of  chalcedonic  geodes,  with  drusy  interior 
surfaces,  and  measuring  about  one-third  inch  and  two-third  inch  in 

diameter  .  70 

Chert  and  dolomitic  limestone  of  a  dirty  straw-color .  80 

White  calcareous  limestone,  with  chert  having  the  structure  of  an  organic 

breecia  .  90 

White  calcareous  limestone  with  about  one-tenth  of  its  mass  chert,  which 

shows  organic  structure  .  200 

White  calcareous  limestone,  with  somewhat  more  chert  of  the  same  kind.  .  .  220 


WELL  RECORDS. 


67 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Manlove  well — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Pure  white,  mainly  crinoidal  limestone,  and  almost  without  chert .  235 

Light  shale,  with  fragment  of  limestone .  246 

Light  blue  shale,  with  much  pyrite  in  small  crystals.  Fragments  of  cal¬ 
careous  limestone  frequent  . 280 

Light  blue  shale,  with  pyrite  and  calcareous  fragments .  292 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale  with  pyrite  .  295 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale,  with  only  infrequent  crystals  of  pyrite .  302 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale.  No  pyrite  noted .  302 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale  .  310 

Light,  greenish  blue  shale  .  320 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  poorly  preserved  specimens  of  Sporangites  occurring 

sparsely  .  330 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  Sporangites  .  340 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  poorly  preserved  specimens  of  Sporangites .  345 

Gray  shale,  faintly  micaceous,  with  Sporangites .  355 

Gray  shale,  with  abundant  Sporangites,  and  occasional  crystals  of  pyrite....  365 

Gray  shale,  with  Sporangites  poorly  preserved  .  400 

Light  gray  shale,  micaceous,  with  comparatively  thick  specimens  of  Spor¬ 
angites,  and  shapeless  fragments  of  resinous  material  which  appear  to 
be  shreds  of  Sporangites  .  415 


Shale,  almost  black,  showing  reflections  of  minute  scales  of  mica.  A  highly 
bituminous  rock  which  burns  for  a  few  moments  after  it  has  been 
thoroughly  ignited.  On  the  split  surfaces  of  some  large  fragments  several 
small  specimens  of  Lingula  were  noted,  about  1  mm.  in  diameter.  The 
distance  from  the  umbo  to  the  ventral  margin  of  the  valves  was  slightly 
greater  than  the  transverse  measure.  Faint  lines  radiate  from  the  umbo, 
and  distinct  concentric  lines  of  growth  are  present.  Irregular  minute 
tubercles  appear  on  the  outer  part  of  the  valves.  This  black  shale 

as  a  yellow  translucent  mass  in  transmitted  light  under  the  lens .  511 

A  highly  bituminous  limestone,  most  of  which  effervesces  briskly  with  acid. 

Some  effervesces  hardly  at  all.  Some  of  the  sample  is  crystalline  calcite, 
and  some  bituminous  fragments  when  ignited  burn  for  a  few  seconds.  The 
label  on  the  sample  was  blurred,  5?1,  but  its  highly  bituminous  character 
makes  it  probable  that  it  is  from  about  the  same  depth  as  the  previous 


sample  . ±511 

Green  clay  shale,  not  effervescing  in  acid..'. .  600 

Greenish  gray  shale,  of  very  fine  plastic  texture,  effervescing  slightly  with 

acid.  Contains  a  valve  of  an  Estheria?  Label  indistinct:  680  or  683....  683 

White  calcareous  .limestone  with  embedded  minute  fragments  of  fossils, 

making  an  organic  fragmental  rock .  685 

White  calcareous  soft  limestone.  A  loosely  cemented  breccia  of  minute 

organic  fragments.  Presence  of  Foraminifera  problematic .  710 

Like  the  preceding  .  730 

White,  soft,  calcareous  limestone,  with  thin  sinuous  films  of  black  bitum¬ 
inous  material.  Emitting  bituminous  odor  before  the  blowpipe .  750 

Calcareous  limestone,  slightly  bituminous,  composed  of  calcite  crystals. 

Some  fragments  consist  of  a  rock  like  that  seen  in  the  two  previous 

samples.  They  probably  fell  down  from  upper  levels .  800 

White  limestone  with  some  white  chert,  which  is  full  of  fossil  fragments, 
like  the  chert  from  the  Mississippian  limestone.  It  is  possible  that  the 

label  on  this  sample  is  wrong .  850 

Dark  limestone,  black  when  wet,  with  minute  specks  of  bituminous  matter. 

Resembles  the  shaly  limestone  of  the  Cedar  Valley  in  Iowa .  930 

Yellowish  gray,  calcareous  limestone,  possibly  an  equivalent  to  the  Daven¬ 
port  quarry  beds  of  the  Devonian  in  Iowa .  950 

Gray  quartz  sand,  mixed  with  some  fragments  of  calcareous  limestone  and 
rare  fragments  of  dolomitic  limestone.  The  sample  has  the  dirty  appear¬ 
ance  of  “oil-sand.”  No  bituminous  odor  was  detected  on  heating  in  an 

open  tube.  Label  wrong? .  955 

White  quartz  sand,  with  a  few  small  flakes  of  a  thinly  laminated  rock. 

Like  St.  Peter  sandstone  in  general  appearance .  958 

Light  gray  quartz  sand,  grains  rounded  and  moderately  coarse .  1,125 


A  sandstone  with  water  was  reported  as  occurring  in  the  well  at  a 
depth  of  from  140  to  160  feet. 

With  the  uncertainty  of  the  labels  mentioned  by  the  contractor  in 
his  letter  of  May  26,  1909,  and  with  a  slight  disagreement  of  some  of  the 
labels  on  the  samples  with  the  depths  of  the  formations  furnished  in 
the  same  letter,  no  very  accurate  section  of  the  strata  penetrated  by  this 
well  can  be  made.  Nevertheless  the  record  settles  several  points  with 
regard  to  the  stratigraphy  in  this  region.  The  limestone  extending 
down  to  240  feet  below  the  surface  is  clearly  of  Mississippian  age.  The 


68 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


shale  underlying  this  limestone  to  the  depth  of  some  680  feet  is  the 
equivalent  of  the  Kinderhook  shale  at  Burlington  and  of  the  Sweetland 
Creek  shale  of  the  Devonian  farther  north  on  the  Mississippi.  The  com¬ 
bined  thickness  of  the  two  shales  in  this  well  is  near  450  feet,  which  is 
only  about  100  feet  more  than  the  thickness  known  from  other  explora¬ 
tions.  The  limestone  shown  in  samples  from  depths  between  685  and  950 
feet,  is  certainly  neither  Silurian  nor  Ordovician.  If  the  samples  of 
cuttings  have  been  taken  from  the  depths  stated,  this  limestone  must  be 
in  the  main  of  Devonian  age,  which,  to  judge  from  the  last  two  samples 
taken,  here  rests  on  the  St.  Peter  sandstone.  If  this  is  correct,  it  indi¬ 
cates  the  present  of  an  anticline,  the  crest  of  which  must  have  been 
reduced  by  several  hundred  feet  before  the  deposition  of  the  Devonian 
limestone.  While  a  buried  anticline  of  this  kind  is  indicated  by  other 
explorations  along  the  Mississippi  River,  a  certain  interpretation  of  this 
part  of  the  stratigraphic  record  must  await  further  and  more  carefully 
procured  data.  The  following  is  the  writer’s  tentative  interpretation: 

Interpretation  of  record  of  Manlove  well,  Schuyler  County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 


Drift  .  0  30 

Mississippian  limestone  .  30  240 

Kinderhook  and  Devonian  shales  .  240  690 

Devonian  limestone  (with  some  Trenton  limestone  below?)  .  690  960 

St.  Peter  sandstone  .  960  1,135 


18.  WELL  ON  THE  MCGINNIS  FARM,  NEAR  JACKSONVILLE,  MORGAN 

COUNTY. 

In  August,  1910,  samples  of  drillings  were  submitted  to  the  writer 
by  Mr.  R.  S.  Blatchley  of  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey,  from  a 
well  being  drilled  on  the  SW.  %  sec.  33,  T.  45  N.,  R.  9  W.,  on  the 
McGinnis  farm  near  Jacksonville.  The  samples  were  taken  mostly  at 
intervals  of  5  feet  and  represented  the  strata  explored  from  310  to  380 
feet  below  the  surface.  All  the  rock  is  limestone,  mostly  calcareous, 
some  dolomitic,  some  containing  fine  sand,  and  some  with  oolitic  spher¬ 
ules.  It  represents  the  upper  part  of  the  Mississippian  series,  probably 
the  St.  Louis. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Jacksonville,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

White  calcareous  limestone,  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  minute  (organic) 
fragments  exhibiting  a  finely  reticulated  texture  as  seen  on  a  polished 


surface.  Some  fragments  showed  thin  dark  layers  with  minute  crystals 

of  marcasite  .  310 

Grayish  white  limestone.  Some  fragments  consisted  of  oolite,  with  spherules 
about  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  showed  minute  crystals  and  specks  of 

marcasite  .  315 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  of  very  finely  granular  texture,  with  embedded  small 
quartz  grains,  and  with  occasional  bright  grains  of  green.  Some  broken 
minute  spines  were  noted,  and  there  were  some  fragments  of  dark  or  black 
shale  .  320 


WELL  RECORDS. 


69 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Jacksonville — Concluded. 


Depth 
in  feet. 

Limestone,  somewhat  slowly  effervescent  with  acid,  of  very  minute  granular 


texture,  and  containing  some  very  minute  quartz  grains.  Color,  gray  to 
white.  A  bright  green  mineral  was  noted,  lining  the  surface  of  a  cavity. 

There  were  a  few  fragments  of  shale,  some  gray,  some  greenish  gray .  325 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  calcareous  limestone,  and  with  more  shale, 

some  of  which  is  streaky  with  dark  and  light  gray  layers .  339 

Compact  limestone,  dove-colored  .  335 

Like  the  preceding  . 340 

Compact  limestone,  with  greenish  and  dark  shale  . .  345 

Gray  limestone,  composed  of  organic  fragmental  material  with  bryozoa, 

crinoid  remains,  etc .  350 

Limestone,  white,  pure,  and  quite  compact,  with  occasional  spherules,  .5  to 
1  mm.  in  diameter,  probably  oolitic.  Small  spheroidal  aggregations  of 

marcasite,  and  some  gray  shale  .  355 

Limestone,  some  light  gray,  some  white,  with  some  little  shale.  The  limestone 
contains  fine  quartz  sand,  the  grains  ranging  from  .06  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in 
diameter.  Gypsum,  as  selemite  and  in  spheroid  concretions,  was  noted, 

also  spherules  of  marcasite  and  some  fragments  of  a  green  mineral .  360 

Limestone,  calcareous,  light  gray,  with  embedded  fine  sand,  as  in  layer  above  370 
Gray  limestone,  in  part  magnesian  and  in  part  calcareous,  with  one  frag¬ 
ment  of  sandstone  cemented  with  a  calcareous  matrix  and  some  shale  in 
large  lumps.  Marcasite  in  small  granules  also  present .  380 


19.  CHICAGO,  WILMINGTON  AND  VERMILION  COAL  COMPANY^  TEST  HOLE, 

THAYER,  SANGAMON  COUNTY. 

• 

This  boring  was  completed  in  the  last  part  of  1908  to  the  depth  of 
635  feet.  The  writer  is  ignorant  as  to  whether  the  work  continued  to 
any  greater  depth.  Samples  were  submitted  for  examination  taken  at 
depths  indicated  in  some  cases  by  two  numbers,  in  other  cases  by  only 
one.  In  cases  where  only  one  number  is  given  this  evidently  denotes 
the  depth  of  the  well  at  the  time  the  sample  was  taken. 

All  of  the  samples  are  apparently  from  the  Pennsylvanian  series. 


Description  of  samples  from  test  hole  at  Thayer,  Illinois. 


Shale  and  some  drift  pebbles  . 

Limestone,  of  concretionary  appearance  . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . 

Micaceous  silty  shale  . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  with  some  calcareous  fragments.  On  the  label  is  the 

note :  “Coal,  8  inches”  . 

Gray  and  partly  dark  limestone,  with  pyrite,  some  coal  and  some 

black  shale  . 

Gray,  sandy  and  micaceous  shale  . . . 

Sandy  and  micaceous  shale  . 

Sandy  and  biotitic  shale  with  some  pyritiferous  limestone  . 

Sandy  shale,  mixed  with  limestone . 

Fine  sand  and  shale  showing  thin  carbonaceous  laminae  . 

Calcareous,  fossil-bearing  limestone  . 

Gray  silty  shale,  not  calcareous  . 

Gray  fossiliferous  limestone,  with  some  shale  . 

Shale,  greenish  gray,  unctuous  . 

Olive  gray,  unctuous  clay  . 

Gray  shale,  in  part  sandy,  in  part,  calcareous  . 

Greenish  gray  limestone  and  some  black  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  marly  and  unctuous . 

Micaceous,  gray,  soft  shale  . 

White  limestone  . 

Coal  and  black  shale  containing  organic  fragments.  On  the  label  is 

the  note:  “Coal  at  292  ft.”  . 

Limestone,  somewhat  shaly  and  containing  grains  of  pyrite.  Some 
fragments  are  greenish  . 


Depth  in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

45 

55 

55 

65 

•  •  • 

70 

75 

83 

•  •  • 

95 

95 

105 

105 

115 

115 

125 

125 

135 

135 

i  3  5 

145 

•  •  • 

155 

155  ■ 

165 

165 

175 

175 

185 

•  •  • 

185 

185 

195 

195 

205 

205 

215 

215 

225 

225 

235 

•  •  • 

245 

245 

255 

•  •  • 

265 

270 

273 

285 

295 

295 

305 

70 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  test  hole  at  Thayer — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Dark,  pyrite-bearing  limestone,  obscurely  fossiliferous .  315 

Coal,  evidently  representing  only  a  part  of  the  depth  from .  315  326 

Gray,  fossiliferous  and  sandy  limestone  .  335  ... 

Gray  marl  .  335  345 

Light  gray  shale  with  some  calcareous  spherules  noted  measuring 

.125  mm,  in  diameter .  345  355 

Gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale  .  355  365 

Dark  gray  and  soft  marl .  375  ... 

Gray  silty  shale  very  slightly  calcareous  .  375  385 

Black  shale  like  “miner’s  slate”  .  385  395 

Shale  and  limestone  .  395  405 

Limestone,  some  dark  and  some  light  gray,  with  some  fragments 

of  sandstone  . .  405 

Unctous,  light-gray  shale  . 415  425 

Black  shale  and  some  limestone  .  435  445 

Fireclay,  unctuous,  with  slickensided  joints,  and  minute  fragments  of 

calcareous  material  and  coal  .  455  465 

Sandy  shale  .  465  475 

Clean  sand,  moderately  coarse  showing  secondary  crystalline  facets, 

some  “mineral  charcoal”  and  a  few  calcareous  fragments  .  550  560 

Clean  coarse  sand,  with  secondary  crystalline  facets.  On  the  label 
is  the  note :  “Shale  between  these  two  sands,  with  water,  twenty 
gallons  per  minute  .  600  625 


20.  CITY  WELL,  SHELBYVILLE,  SHELBY  COUNTY. 

Samples  from  a  well  bored  at  Shelbyville,  Shelby  County,  were  sub¬ 
mitted  by  Dr.  W.  J.  Eddy,  of  Shelbyville,  for  examination.  The  driller’s 
determination  were  noted  on  the  labels  giving  the  depths  at  which  the 
samples  were  taken.  These  determinations  are  quoted  after  the  writer’s 
description. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Shelbyville,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Dark  shale,  sandy  and  micaceous,  and  some  sandstone  of  fine  texture.  There 
are  also  some  fragments  of  impure  brown  limestone  and  of  light  gray 

limestone.  Endothyra  was  noted.  “Blue  shale”  .  240 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  sandstone  of  fine  texture.  The  fragments  fre¬ 
quently  show  thin  laminae,  broken  pieces  of  carbonaceous  material.  “Gray 

sandstone”  .  285 

White  limestone,  compact  in  texture,  and  containing  organic  fragments.  The 
rock  has  specks  of  black  bituminous  material,  and  also  small  spots  of 
bright  green  granules.  Two  crinoid  joints,  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides, 

and  other  bryozoa  noted.  “Limestone”  . 300 

Gray  shale,  some  dark,  and  some  light,  coarse  and  micaceous.  A  few 
ferruginous  concretions,  which  probably  made  the  drillings  look  brown 

when  wet.  “Brown  shale”  .  390 

White  limestone  in  thin  fragments.  Fragments  of  shells  and  spines  of 

brachiopods  noted.  “White  limestone”  .  420 

Gray  limestone,  with  less  than  one-fourth  the  quantity  of  embedded  fine 
sand.  One  fragment  with  proportionately  more  embedded  sand,  has  the 
appearance  of  sandstone.  The  grains  are  small  and  angular  and  are 
held  in  a  matrix  which  makes  more  than  half  of  the  mass.  “Gray  sand¬ 
stone”  .  460 

Black  shale,  irregularly  bedded,  containing  a  great  number  of  small  crystals 

of  selenite.  “Black  shale”  . 470 

Micaceous  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  or  sandy  shale,  filled  with  shreds  of 

carbonaceous  material.  “Blue  shale”  .  485 


Evidently  all  of  these  samples  come  from  the  Pennsylvanian.  The 
limestone  at  300  feet  below  the  surface  most  closely  resembles  the  lime¬ 
stone  above  coal  No.  6,  but  lies,  perhaps  above  the  depth  at  which  this 
limestone  would  be  looked  for. 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


71 


21.  WELL  ON  FEED  JENSEN^  EAEM,  NEAE  TUSCOLA,  DOUGLAS  COUNTY. 

This  well  is  located  on  the  NE.  %  sec.  15,  T.  15  N.,  R.  7  E.,  in 
Bourbon  Township,  near  Tuscola,  Douglas  County.  It  was  drilled  in 
1908. 


Mr.  J.  L.  Dawson  of  Tuscola.  These  were  taken  irregularly  at  depths 
from  3  to  100  feet  apart. 


Description  of  samples  of  well  near  Tuscola,  Illinois. 

Depth 

in  feet. 

Gray  limestone,  soft,  impure  .  103 

Like  the  preceding  but  with  joints  of  crinoid  stems  and  a  Seminula  argentea  109 
Limestone  with  many  joints  of  crinoid  stems,  pieces  of  shells  of  brachiopods 

and  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides  .  11.7 

Limestone  with  fossils  as  in  the  preceding  .  120 

Gray  marly  shale,  with  spines  of  production  in  profusion  .  130 

A  red  breccia  of  calcareous  organic  fragments  .  176 

Micaceous  sandstone  .  218 

Micaceous  sandstone  .  230 

White  sandstone  .  270 

Organic  limestone  of  coarse  texture,  with  some  black  grains .  370 

The  same  .  370 

White  organic  limestone,  with  some  gray  shale.  A  Nodosaria ?  was  seen 

embedded  in  the  limestone  .  390 

Rock  like  the  preceding  .  395 

Gray  limestone,  some  compact  in  texture  .  405 

Fine  grained  sandstone,  micaceous,  with  some  fragments  of  coal .  450 

Sandstone,  fine  grained  and  micaceous  .  455 

Sandstone,  fine  grained  and  micaceous  .  460 

Like  the  preceding  .  465 

Gray  sandstone  .  485 

Gray  sandstone,  micaceous.  Label  on  sample  says  “Salt  water”  .  490 

Sand  and  shale  with  some  marly  material.  Label  says:  “Salt  water” .  500 

White  limestone,  with  fragments  of  a  brachiopod  shells  .  550 

Some  pieces  of  limestone,  black  shale  and  coal  .  560 

Coal  .  580 

Limestone,  with  joints  of  crinoid  stems,  pieces  of  brachiopod  shells  and 
Rhombopora  lepidendroides.  Many  fragments  contain  interlacing  curving 

tubes  of  Ammodiscus  measuring  about  .15  mm.  in  diameter  .  660 

Limestone,  with  crinoid  joints  .  680 

Sandstone  .  715 

Marly  gray  material  of  exceedingly  fine  texture;  slime  from  drill.. .  790 

Yellowish  sand.  Label  says:  “Salt  water”  .  875 

Yellowish  sand.  Label  says:  “Salt  water”  .  880 

Brown  sand,  coarse.  Label  says:  “Salt  Water” . : .  885 

Brown  sand.  Label  says:  “Salt  water”  .  890 

Gray  sand,  not  coarse.  Label  says :  “Salt  water”  .  893 

Yellowish  gray  sandstone,  micareous.  Label  says:  “Salt  water” .  975 

Like  the  preceding.  Label  says:  “Salt  water”  .  980 

Like  the  preceding.  Label  says:  “Salt  water”  .  985 

Gray  shale  .  1,060 

Coal  .  1,090 

Sandstone,  coal,  and  limestone  .  1,100 

Fire  clay  or  shale,  sand,  and  some  limestone  .  1,150 

All  fragments  of  concretionary  pvrite  of  iron.  Label  says:  “Same  1,270 
feet  from  surface  drill  stuck,  had  to  abandon  well,  lost  two  strings  of 

tools”  .  1,170 

A  fragment  of  pyrite,  one-half  inch  in  diameter.  Label  says:  “Sample  that 

came  upon  top  of  sand  bucket  weighed  3  pounds,  from  cave-in . (?1,270) 

A  sample  of  yellow  salt  accompanied  the  other  material.  The  label 
of  this  sample  reads:  “Sample  Salt:  1  gallon  water,  boiled  down  and 
dried,  weighed  9  ounces.  From  875  to  985  feet.” 

In  a  letter  dated  Nov.  28,  1908,  addressed  to  the  writer,  Mr.  J.  L. 
Dawson  says:  “I  have  no  other  record  of  the  borings  of  the  well,  except 
samples  sent  to  you.  The  drillers  only  saved  the  sand  when  there  were 


72 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


any  changes.  Gas  came  from  the  deep  salt  sand  about  800  feet  and 
burned  freely.  It  had  no  odor.” 

All  the  samples  are  believed  to  consist  of  material  from  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vanian,  or  from  the  strata  later  than  the  Mississippian.  The  horizon 
of  coal  No.  6  is  believed  to  be  at  depths  of  560  to  580  feet. 


22.  ILLINOIS  POWDER  COMPANY^  WELL,  GRAFTON,  JERSEY  COUNTY. 

Eleven  samples  from  the  Illinois  Powder  Company’s  well,  drilled 
at  Grafton,  Jersey  County,  were  submitted  for  examination  by  R.  S. 
Blatchley  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  in  September,  1910.  The 
original  labels,  evidently  written  by  the  collector  in  Grafton  and  quoted 
verbatim  below,  show  that  each  sample  represents  distinct  portions  of 
Ihe  section  varying  from  9  to  177  feet  in  thickness,  and  evidently  re¬ 
garded  as  uniform  in  character.  Hence  the  exact  depth  from  which 
•each  sample  as  taken  can  be  made  out  only  within  the  variable  limits 
•of  each  indicated  portion  of  the  section.  The  writer  is  inclined  to  believe 
that  the  sample  number  two  (see  below)  represents  only  the  upper  part 
•of  the  rock  penetrated  at  depths  from  75  to  252  feet,  and  that  the  lower 
and  the  greater  part  of  this  division  consists  of  the  shales  and  limesone 
of  the  Cincinnatian  formation.  Drilling  through  these  shales  goes  on 
rapidly  and  the  ground  shale  is  apt  to  run  off  from  the  bucket  with  the 
water.  It  is  a  matter  of  general  occurrence  that  inexperienced  col¬ 
lectors  of  well  samples  neglect  taking  samples  of,  and  even  fail  to  note 
the  occurrence  of,  shale  strata.  The  writer’s  interpretation  of  this 
section  is  therefore  as  follows: 


Record  at  Grafton  (Interpretation). 


Thick¬ 
ness 
in  feet. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

24 

0 

24 

"N’incraran  limestone . 

51 

24 

75 

Niagaran  and  Cincinnatian  limestone  and  shale . 

189 

75 

264 

655 

Galena  and  Trenton  limestone . 

391 

264 

■ppt.p/r  sandstone . . 

117 

655 

772 

Description  of  samples  from  original  labels  of  well  at  Grafton,  Illinois. 

“1.  Depth  of  strata:  51  feet  from  24  to  75  feet.” 

Yellow  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture,  with  some  fragments  of 
yellow  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white  chert  and  some  chalcedonic 
quartz. 

“2.  Depth  of  strata:  177  feet,  from  75  to  252  feet.” 

Light  bluish  or  greenish  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  of  the 
fragments  tinged  green,  and  a  few  containing  embedded  gfains  of  a 
greenish  black  mineral  resembling  glauconite.  Some  of  these  grains 
are  rounded,  lie  close  together,  and  measure  from  .25  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in 
diameter. 


WELL  RECORDS! 


73 


“3.  Depth  of  strata:  12  feet,  from  252  to  264  feet.” 

Dark  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  showing  some  slender  embedded  black 
spines  or  threads,  with  some  greenish  shale. 

“4.  Depth  of  strata:  102  feet,  from  264  to  366  feet.” 

Calcareous  limestone,  some  dark  brown,  some  yellow  and  some  white. 
The  white  limestone  shows  black  specks,  as  much  as  .25  mm.  in 
diameter,  being  embedded  crystals  and  minute  spheroidal  concretions  of 
marcasite.  The  same  mineral  also  occurs  in  irregular  clusters  of  minute 
crystals.  Most  of  the  fragments  of  the  yellow  limestone  and  of  the 
light  brown  limestone  consist  of  a  light  gray  matrix  in  which  lie 
embedded  grains  of  a  brown  mineral  .06  mm.  in  diameter  or  less. 
Small  fragments  of  the  rock  float  on  water,  as  if  impregnated  witn 
bituminous  material. 

“5.  Thickness  of  strata:  9  feet,  from  366  to  375  feet.” 

Calcareous  limestone,  yellowish  white,  consisting  of  worn  organic  frag¬ 
ments,  frequently  measuring  from  .25  mm.  to  .05  mm.  in  diameter. 
One  large  fragment  showed  stylolites  impregnated  with  a  black  bitumin¬ 
ous  film,  and  such  films  were  noted  in  other  fragments  in  which  were 
no  stylotic  structures.  The  rock  yields  a  bituminous  odor  when  crushed 
and  small  fragments  float  on  water.  Crystals  of  marcasite  .06  mm. 
in  diameter  were  noted.  A  few  thin  dark  fissile  shale  fragments. 

“6.  Thickness  of  strata:  39  feet,  from  375  to  414  feet.” 

Calcareous  limestone,  mostly  gray,  some  white  and  some  very  dark 
fragments.  Some  gray  fragments  are  sandstone,  consisting  of  small 
sand  grains  lying  in  a  calcareous  matrix.  Some  fragments  of  fossils, 
some  clear  calcite  and  some  fine  marcasite  were  also  noted. 

“7.  Thickness  of  strata:  146  feet,  from  414  to  560  feet.” 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  with  some  white  chert. 

“8.  Thickness  of  strata:  25  feet,  from  560  to  585  feet.” 

Calcareous  limestone,  gray,  some  fragments  with  scattered  small  embedded 
sand  grains.  Two  large  fragments  showed  a  green  tinge  along  healed 
fractures.  Fragments  of  fossils  were  noted.  There  was  some  black 
shale,  which  effervesced  slowly  with  acid. 

”9.  Thickness  of  strata:  20  feet,  from  585  to  605  feet.” 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  and  finely  granular. 

“10.  Thickness  of  strata:  50  feet,  from  605  to  655  feet. 

Dolomitic  limestone,  gray,  containing  some  very  fine  quartz  sand  with 
grains  measuring  .125  mm.  in  diameter. 

“11.  Thickness  of  strata:  117.5  feet,  from  655  to  772.5  feet.  Water-bearing  sand.’’ 

Pure  and  clean  siliceous  sand,  with  the  grains  mostly  from  .16  mm.  to 
.33  mm.  in  diameter.  Most  grains  well  rounded,  some  with  facets  due 
to  secondary  growth. 


23.  WELL  NO.  1  IN  LAYINA  THIERER's  FARM,  MERIDIAN  TOWNSHIP, 

CLINTON  COUNTY. 

This  well  was  drilled  for  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  in  the  E.  y2  NE.  14 
sec.  36,  Medidian  Township,  Clinton  County,  about  250  feet  from,  the 
Marion  County  line.  The  elevation  of  its  curb  is  estimated  to  be  500 
feet  above  sea  level.  Samples  were  submitted  to  the  writer  who  examined 
them  with  the  result  indicated  in  the  following  table:  (Coal  No.  6  is 
near  510  feet  below  the  surface  and  the  base  of  the  Pennsylvanian  is 
somewhere  near  970  feet  below  the  surface.  Below  970  all  is  the 
Chester.) 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1  on  Thierer  farm,  Clinton  County, 

Illinois. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


No  samples  . • .  0  265 

Shaly  sandstone  and  shale  . 265  27U 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  some  siderite  .  270  275 

Gray  sandy  shale,  with  lime  matrix  .  275  280 

Gray  sandstone  and  black  shale.  Some  yellow  limestone .  280  285 

Gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcareous  material  .  285  290 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale,  with  a  few  fragments  of  limestone .  290  295 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  295  300 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  . 300  305 

Gray  shale  .  305  310 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  . .  310  315 

Gray  shale  . ’. .  315  335 

Black  shale  . 1 .  335  345 


74 


DEEr  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Black  shale  and  coal.  “Clod”  limestone  with  fossil  fragments.  Minute 

gasteropod  noted  . .  ...  345  350 

Gray  sandstone  with  siderite  spherules  embedded,  and  coal .  350  355 

Light  gray  sandy  shade  .  355  360 

Micaceous  sandstone,  shaly  .  360  36b 

Sandy  shale  .  365  370 

Sandstone  .  370  375 

Sandy  shale  .  375  380 

Dark  sandy  shale  .  380  385 

Black  shale  .  385  3 1) o 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  390  400 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  400  405 

Gray  shale  .  405  410 

Dark,  almost  black,  shale  .  410  425 

Like  the  preceding,  brownish  black  limestone  .  425  440 

Almost  black,  very  fine  clay,  containing  brownish  black  limestone. 

Very  difficult  to  wash  .  440  445 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  with  some  concretionary  clay  ironstone  and 

some  organic  limestone  .  445  450 

Sandy  shale,  micaceous,  with  some  organic  limestone  and  spherules 

of  siderite  .  450  455 

Brown  marly  clay  and  greenish  gray,  calcareous  limestone  of  waxy 

lustre  and  containing  occasional  organic  fragments  .  455  460 

Brown  marly  clay  with  limestone,  as  above  .  460  465 

Gray  marly  shale,  with  a  few  fragments  of  red  shale  and  limestone.  .  .  465  470 

Gray  marly  shale  and  limestone  .  470  475 

Gray  marly  clay,  and  limestone,  sandstone  and  black  limestone 

with  pyrite  .  475  480 

Black  shale  .  480  485 

Black  fissile  shale,  gray  shale,  and  coal  .  485  490 

Gray  fire  clay,  shale  and  coal  with  some  limestone  .  490  495 

Gray  shale,  limestone,  and  coal.  Fusilina  quite  frequent,  four  speci¬ 
mens  noted.  Also  Chonetes,  Productus,  crinoid  stems  and  bryozoa..  495  500 

Gray  marly  shale  . .  500  510 

Black  coaly  shale  and  coal,  with  some  sand .  510  515 

No  sample  .  515  520 

Dark  shale  and  coal  .  520  525 

Dark  clay  shale  with  coal  and  limestone  .  525  535 

Gray  shale  .  535  565 

Coal  and  sand  .  565  570 

Gray  shale  .  570  580 

Gray  shale,  dark,  with  some  organic  limestone  .  580  585 

Coal  and  black  shale,  with  some  limestone  .  585  590 

Black  shale  .  590  595 

Black  shale  and  coal  .  595  600 

Black  shale  .  600  610 

Black  shale  and  sandstone .  610  615 

Dark  fire  clay  with  some  effervescing  material .  615  620 

Black  shale,  sandstone  and  a  little  coal .  620  625 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  625  630 

Mostly  gray  sandstone  .  630  640 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale,  with  some  pyrite .  640  645 

Sandstone  and  shale  .  645  650 

Sandstone,  white  limestone,  and  coal .  650  655 

Gray  sandstone  .  655  660 

Gray  sand  .  660  685 

Gray  sand  with  some  dark  limestone .  685  695 

Gray  sand  .  695  710 

Gray  sand  with  some  dark  limestone .  710  715 

Yellow  sand  . . .  715  740 

Yellowish  white  sand  .  740  745 

Gray  sand  .  745  755 

Gray  sand  with  some  shale .  755  760 

Sandstone  and  shale  .  760  765 

Gray  shale  .  765  770 

Sandy  shale  .  770  780 

Sandy  dark  shale  .  780  785 

No  sample  .  785  790 

Gray  sandstone  .  790  795 

Gray  sand,  carbonaceous  and  laminated .  795  800 

Sandstone,  gray,  micaceous  and  calcareous,  filled  with  oil  and  bitumen  800  805 

Gray  sandstone,  calcareous  .  805  810 

Gray  sandstone,  with  calcareous  material,  and  pyrite .  810  815 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  815  820 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone,  with  pyrite  .  820  825- 

Gray  shale  . . .  825  830 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  830  835 

Coarse,  porous  sandstone,  with  shale  and  concretionary  siderite,  black 

or  brown;  pyrite  and  a  few  coarse  quartz  grains... .  835  840 

Like  the  preceding,  with  a  crinoid  stem  joint .  840  845 

Coarse  and  porous  sandstone  with  black  carbonate  of  iron  concretions  845  850 


WELL  RECORDS. 


75 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Yellow  sand  .  850  875 

Stony  gray  shale,  siderite  fragments  and  gray  sand .  875  880 

White  sand  .  880  885 

Yellowish  gray  sand  .  885  890 

Clear  white  sand  .  890  895 

Yellow  sand  with  some  dark  shale .  895  900 

Black  sandy  shale  and  limestone,  with  coal,  pyritized  wood  and  shale  900  905 

Gray  sandy  shale,  siderite  concretions  and  pyrite .  905  910 

Some  sandy  shale,  some  dark  shale  with  concretionary  material .  910  915 

Dark  and  sandy  shale,  some  siderite  and  pyrite,  and  some  coal .  915  920 

Sandy  shale,  coal,  some  limestone,  and  fire  clay .  920  925 

Gray  shale  and  coarse  grained  sandstone .  925  930 

Black  shale  and  white  sandstone .  930  935 

Black  stony  shale,  and  sandstone .  935  945 

Dark  gray  shale  and  sandstone,  with  pyrite .  945  955 

Shale  and  siderite,  gray  .  955  900 

Gray  shale  and  siderite  .  960  965 

Gray  shale  and  siderite  .  965  975 

Note. — From  945-975  the  greater  part  of  the  washings  were 
split  into  flat  plates.  Color  gray ;  texture  that  of  limestone ;  no 
effervescence. 

Black  and  green  shale  .  970  975 

Black  and  green  shale  and  limestone.  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides 

present  .  975  980 

Black  and  dark  shale  and  limestone  .  980  990 

Dark  green  shale  with  some  fragments  of  laminae  of  homogeneous 

quartz,  and  some  organic  calcareous  fragments,  one  crinoid  joint.  .  990  995 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  pyrite  .  995  1,000 

Like  the  preceding,  with  more  calcareous  fragments .  1,000  1,005 

Dark  gray  calcareous  shale,  with  shell  fragments  and  a  few  red 

stony  shale  fragments  .  1,005  1,010 

Dark  greenish  gray,  stony  shale  with  some  red  shale .  1,010  1,015 

No  sample  .  1,015  1,020 

Like  that  from  1,010  to  1,015  feet .  1,020  1,030 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  with  crinoid  joints,  fragments  of  shells  and 

occasional  sand  grains  .  1,030  1,035 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  with  fragments  of  a  clean,  white  fine  grained 

sandstone,  cemented  with  calcite,  effervescing .  1,035  1,040 

Dark  shale  and  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite.  The  sandstone 

is  of  uniform,  fine  texture  and  quite  hard.  It  is  free  from  mica...  1,040  1,065 

Like  the  preceding  with  a  few  fragments  of  white  limestone . .  1,065  1,070 

Black  shale,  sandstone,  and  some  limestone .  1,070  1,075 

Black  shale  and  white  sandstone,  with  some  thin  layers  of  sandstone 

of  the  same  color  as  the  shale .  1,075  1,080 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  with  some  white  sandstone,  and  some  red 

shale  . ? .  1,080  1,085 

Black  shale  and  white  sandstone  .  1,085  1,090 

Like  the  preceding  but  more  sandy .  1,090  1,095 

Black  shale  and  white  sand  in  about  equal  amounts .  1,095  1,100 

Dark  green  shale  . 1,100  1,105 

Dark,  almost  black,  greenish  shale,  giving  no  effervescence,  with  some 

red  shale,  and  a  few  dolomitic  fragments.  (2  samples) .  1,105  1,115 

Greenish  gray  sandstone  and  some  dark  shale .  1,115  1,130 

Greenish  black  shale,  with  some  sand,  and  occasional  fragments  of 

red  shale  .  1,130  1,135 

No  sample  .  1,135  1,140 

Mostly  sandstone  with  some  green  shale .  1,140  1,150 

Light  gray,  dark  gray,  and  greenish  gray  shale,  with  frequent  organic 

calcareous  fragments  .  1,150  1,155 

Mostly  white  organic  limestone,  with  some  shale .  1,155  1,160 

Mostly  gray  organic  limestone,  bryozoa  and  crinoid  stems,  with  some 

gray  shale  .  1,160  1,165 

Dark  shale  and  organic  limestone.  Minute  echinoid  spine  noted,  also 

bryozoa  .  1,165  1,170 

Dark  gray  shale  and  organic  limestone .  1,170  1,185 

Brown  clay  and  dark  shale.  Effervesces  with  acid .  1,185  1,195 

Dull  brownish  clay  and  dark  shale .  1,195  1*200 

Dark,  almost  black,  stony  shale  .  1,200  1,205 

Dark  green  shale,  with  some  red  shale  and  with  some  red  blotched 

limestone  .  1,205  1,215 

Dark,  almost  black  shale  .  1,215  1,220 

Gray  shale,  red  shale,  and  gray  crinoidal  limestone,  organic,  oolitic, 

small  echinoid  spine  noted  .  1,220  1,225 

Dark  shale  and  crinoidal  limestone  .  1,225  1*240 

Like  the  preceding,  with  Archimedes  (?)  fragment  . .  1,240  l’,245 

Dark  shale  and  crinoidal  limestone,  with  an  Athyris .  1,245  R250 

Dark  shale  and  organic  calcareous  material .  1,250  1,255 

Red  shale  and  greenish  dark  gray  shale,  with  organic  fragments, 


Varicolored  shale  and  some  limestone .  1,260  1  265 

Red  shale  .  11265  1*275 


76 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 


\ 

Reddish  gray  shale  . 

Red  shale,  marly  . 

Organic  oolitic  limestone,  white,  with  some  shale . 

Variegated  shale;  oolitic  limestone;  gray,  shaly,  organic  limestone.. 

Gray  shale;  oolitic  limestone,  and  organic  limestone . 

Dark  gray  shale,  mostly  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  red  shale,  with  limestone . 

Dark  gray  shale, and  oolitic  limestone  . . 

Dark  gray  shale  showing  carbonaceous  shreds  of  vegetation,  and 

pyrite  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material,  gray  sandy 

shale,  gray  organic  limestone  and  some  pyrite . . 

Gray  shale  and  white  fine-grained  sandstone  . 

Gray  and  dark  gray  shale,  with  some  limestone  and  sandstone . 

Gray  sand  and  some  shale,  a  little  limestone . 

Gray  sand,  some  calcareous  shale  and  red  shale . 

No  sample  . 

Gray  sand  with  a  little  limestone . 

Gray  sand  and  a  little  limestone . 

Gray  sand,  gray  shale  and  limestone . 

Gray  sand  and  a  little  dark  shale . 

Gray  sand  and  some  dark  shale . 

Sand  . 

Sand  of  fine  texture,  the  greater  part  of  the  grains  are  from  .125  mm. 

to  .25  mm.  in  diameter  . 

Yellowish  gray  sand  of  same  texture  as  last  sample . 

Yellow  sand  . 

White  sandstone  with  grains  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in 

diameter.  Some  chips  of  dark  shale . 

White  sandstone  with  some  fragments  of  calcareous  rock,  some  calcite 

and  shale.  Bryozoa  noted  . 

Dark  gray  shale  . . . 

Dark  gray  shale  with  some  crinoidal  limestone . 

Limestone,  shale  and  fine  sandstone . 

Brown  shale,  limestone  and  fine  sand . ,. . 

Brown  shale  and  limestone  . 

Brown  shale  and  limestone ;  dark  shale  . 

Some  limestone,  crinoidal,  and  some  dark  shale.  Some  limestone 

fragments  have  a  bright  orange  red,  or  “lobster”  color . 

White  sand,  limestone,  and  gray  shale . 

White  sand  and  varicolored  shale.  Sand  from  .06  mm.  to  .125  mm. 

in  diameter.  Maximum  .25  mm . 

Varicolor  shale  with  a  little  sand . 

Purplish  brown,  greenish  and  gray  shale,  with  some  gray  to  purplish 

organic  and  structureless  limestone  . 

Dark  purplish  brown  shale  . 

Dark  and  purplish  brown  shale  with  a  little  sandstone  of  fine  texture.. 
Light  greenish  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  some  purplish  brown 

shale,  and  some  limestone  . 

White  sand,  grains  from  .125  mm.  to  25.  mm.  in  diameter,  and  some 

limestone  . 

White  sand  and  a  little  dark  gray  shale . 

White  sand  and  a  little  gray  shale  . 

White  sand  with  some  purplish  grains  . 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale  with  some  organic  limestone  . 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  white,  fine  sand  . 

Fine  white  sand,  with  some  dark,  greenish  gray  shale  . 

White  sand  . 

The  mechanical  analysis  of  the  sand  in  this  sample  is  as  below: 

Diameter  in  mm.  Per  cent. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  '  To. 


2—  1 
1—  .5 

5 —  .25 
.25— .125 
.125 — less 


0.0 

2.6 

6.0 

84.5 

6.9 


1,275 

1,280 

1,285 

1,295 

1,300 

1,305 

1,310 

1,315 


Fine  sand  (lost  in  one  sample)  . 

Fine  white  sand  . 

Fine  white  sand  . . . 

The  mechanical  analysis  of  the  sand  in  this  sample  is  as  below : 

Diameter  in  mm.  Per  cent. 

2 —  1  .  0.0 

1 —  .5  .  3.4 

.5 —  .25  .  6.5 

.25 — .125  70.7 

.125— less  . .  19.0 

Fine  white  sand  . . 

Yellowish  white  sand  . 

Black  shale,  sponge  spicules  (?)  . 

Yellow  sand  and  limestone,  some  dark  shale  and  iron  filings . 

Yellow  sand,  some  limestone,  dark  shale  and  iron  filings . 


1,590 

1.600 

1,605 

1,610 

1,615 


1,280 

1,285 

1,295 

1,300 

1,305 

1,310 

1,315 

1,320 


1,320  1,330 


1,330 

1,340 

1,345 

1,350 

1,355 

1,360 

1,365 

1,370 

1,375 

1,380 

1,385 

1,390 

1,395 

•1,400 

1,405 


1,340 

1,345 

1,350 

1,355 

1,360 

1,365 

1,370 

1,375 

1,380 

1,385 

1,390 

1,395 

1,400 

1,405 

1,410 


1,410  1,415 


1,415 

1,420 

1,435 

1,445 

1,450 

1,455 

1,460 

1,465 

1,470 

1,475 

1,485 

1,490 

1,495 

1,500 


1,420 

1,435 

1,445 

1,450 

1,455 

1,460 

1,465 

1,470 

1,475 

1,485 

1,490 

1,495 

1,500 

1,505 


1,505  1,510 


1,510 

1,515 

1,520 

1,525 

1,535 

1,540 

1,545 

1,560 


1,515 

1,520 

1,525 

1,535 

1,540 

1,545 

1,560 

1,565 


1,565  1,580 
1,580  1,585 
1,585  1,590 


1,595 

1,605 

1.610 

1,615 

1,620 


WELL  RECORDS. 


77 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Limestone  and  some  yellow  sand  .  1,620  1,625 

Limestone  .  1,625  1,630 

Black  shale,  emitting  sulphurous  odor  when  ignited  .  1,630  1,640 

Black  shale  filled  with  petroleum,  effervesces  with  acid  .  1,640  1,645 

Like  the  preceding;  crinoid  joints  present  . .  1,645  1,650 

Dark  gray  shale  and  fine-grained  sandstone,  cremented  with  calcite...  1,650  1,655 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale  .  1,655  1,660 

Greenish  dark  gray  and  black  shale.  Pyrite  noted . . .  1,660  1,675 

Fine  white  sand  with  some  shale  like  that  in  the  preceding  samples.  .  1,675  1,685 


24.  well  no.  1,  on  Guthrie's  farm,  sandoyal  township,  marion 

COUNTY. 

Well  No.  1  on  the  Guthrie  farm  in  the  SW.  ^4  SW.  sec.  28,  in 
Sandoval  Township,  Marion  County,  was  drilled  for  Mr.  M.  L.  Zahniser. 
All  the  samples  of  the  drillings  seen  by  the  writer  belong  either  in  the 
Pennsylvanian  or  the  Mississippian.  The  former  extend  to  a  depth  of 
1,360  feet.  Everything  below  this  depth  is  Mississippian.  The  eleva¬ 
tion  of  the  well’s  curb  is  estimated  to  be  495  feet  aboye  sea  level. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1  on  Guthrie  farm,  Marion  County, 

Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Blue  boulder  clay  .  26  30 

Boulder  clay,  washed  .  30  40 

Drift  . 40  50 

Micaceous  sandy  shale  .  50  55 

Sandstone  . .  55  60 

Shale  .  60  70 

Unctuous  shale,  light  bluish  .  70  85 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  85  90 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  90  95 

Unctuous  blue  shale  .  95  100 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  100  105 

Bluish  gray  unctuous  shale  .  105  130 

Sandy  fossiliferous  sandstone  and  shale,  and  gray  sandstone  with 

infiltrated  lime  .  130  135 

Dark  gray  unctuous  shale  .  135  140 

Dark  gray  stiff  shale  .  140  150 

Sample  missing  .  150  170 

Impure  coal  and  fire  clay  .  170  175 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay  .  175  180 

Brecciated  gray  limestone  and  black  shale  .  180  185 

Gray  sandy  limestone,  with  fragments  of  shells  .  185  190 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  190  195 

Sandy  shale  .  195  200 

Dark  gray  shale  .  200  205 

Micaceous  sandy  shale  .  205  230 

Shaly  sandstone,  showing  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material .  230  240 

Dark  gray  shale  . 240  250 

Black  coaly  shale.  (Another  sample  with  same  number,  but  probably 
coming  from  below  this,  consists  of  gray  shale  and  sandy  calcareous 

rock)  . 250  255 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  and  shaly  sandstone,  filled  with  inter¬ 
stitial  lime  . • .  255  260 

Gray  clay  shale,  some  limestone  and  black  shale  .  260  265 

Micaceous  sandy  shale  .  265  270 

Gray  and  white  laminated  sand  .  270  275 

Dark  stiff  shale  . 275  290 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  290  300 

Dark  stiff  shale  .  300  315 

Dark  stony  shale  .like  the  preceding  .  315  340 

Gray  stiff  shale  .  340  345 

Gray  shale  . 345  350 

Gray  and  white  limestone,  with  coal  and  fire  clay  .  350  355 

Fire  clay,  coal,  limestone  .  355  360 

Fire  clay,  shale  and  siderite  concretions  .  360  365 

Sandstone  and  fire  clay  .  365  370 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  370  375 


78 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Sand  and  sandy  shale  .  375  380 

Sand  containing  carbonaceous  material.  Oily  .  380  385 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  sand  .  385  405 

Gray  shale  .  405  410 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  410  415 

Gray  shale  .  415  445 

Dark  gray  shale  .  445  460 

Black  shale  “clod,”  with  small  gasteropod,  small  Athyris  umbo,  and 

a  crinoid  stem,  and  coal  .  460  465 

Nodular  calcareous  sandstone  and  impure  sandstone  .  465  470 

Dark  shale  and  siderite  .  470  480 

No  sample  .  480  485 

Black  shale  .  485  490 

No  sample  .  490  495 

Black  shale,  calcareous  rock,  and  some  white  limestone  .  495  500 

Gray  sandy  shaly  material,  some  white  limestone  and  some  black  shaly 
calcareous  rock.  Fusilina,  Chonetes  yunctatus,  and  crinoid  stems 

noted  .  500  505 

Gray  sandstone  and  dark  shale.  A  few  bits  of  limestone .  505  510 

Dark  shale  and  some  coal.  A  few  pieces  of  white  limestone  .  510  515 

Gray  sandstone  . * .  515  520  . 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  black  shale,  and  bits  of  yellowish  white 

limestone.  Pyrite  noted  .  520  525 

Black  shale  .  525  530 

No  sample  .  530  535 

Black  shale  .  535  540 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale  .  540  545 

No  sample  . '. .  545  550 

Gray  shale  .  550  555 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  555  560 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  few  pieces  of  coal  .  560  565 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  bits  of  siderite.  (Second  sample  with 

this  label)  .  560  565 

Black  shale  and  coal,  with  a  few  pieces  of  white  and  dark  limestone 

and  pyrite  .  565  575 

Black  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  coal  .  575  580 

Gray  sandstone,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  a  little  shale  and  pyrite..  580  585 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  little  shale .  585  590 

Black  shale  .  590  605 

(Second  sample,  with  somewhat  same  label).  Dark  shale,  a  few  pieces 

of  yellow  limestone  and  coal  .  600  605 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  coal .  605  610 

Dark  shale  .  610  616 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  615  620 

Gray  shale  and  yellow,  slowly  effervescing  limestone.  Bits  of  olive 

green  sandstone  .  620  625 

Dark  gray  shale  .  625  630 

Gray  shale  .  630  640 

Gray  shale  and  some  black  shale  .  640  650 

Gray  shale  .  650  655 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  655  660 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  a  few 

pieces  of  pyrite  .  660  665 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  665  670 

No  sample  .  670  675 

Gray  shale  .  675  680 

Gray  shale,  a  little  gray  sandstone,  and  concretionary  siderite .  680  685 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  concretionary  siderite .  685  690 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  690  695 

Dark  shale  .  695  700 

Gray  shale  . 700  705 

Gray  shale,  some  imprints  of  leaves  .  705  710 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  a  little  sandstone  .  710  715 

Gray  shale .  715  720 

Gray  shale  and  some  siderite  concretions .  720  725 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  siderite .  725  730 

Gray  shale  .  730  740 

Dark  gray  shale  . 740  745 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  siderite . 745  750 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  a  few  small  pieces  of  white  limestone .  750  755 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  755  760 

Dark  shale  .  760  765 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  765  770 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  770  775 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  775  780 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  siderite  and  black  sandy  shale .  780  785 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  785  790 

Gray  sandstone,  some  coal,  some  white  limestone,  pyrite  and  siderite.  .  790  795 

Coal,  some  gray  sandstone,  some  limestone  and  siderite .  795  800 

Gray  shale  and  fire  clay,  and  small  pieces  of  coal  and  siderite .  800  805 

Black  shale  and  some  coal  .  805  810 


WELL  RECORDS. 


79 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Black  micaceous  shale  .  810  815 

Gray  shale  and  coal,  with  some  siderite  and  pyrite . .  .  815  820 

Gray  shale  and  some  coal,  concretionary  yellow  limestone,  and  white 

limestone.  Pyrite  also  noted .  820  825 

Fire  clay,  concretions  of  siderite,  white  limestone,  black  limestone  and 

black  shale  .  825  830 

Green  clay  shale  and  pure  gray  limestone.  The  shale  is  filled  with 

spherules  of  siderite  up  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter .  830  840 

Green  shale  filled  with  spherulitic  siderite  concretions,  some  sandy 

pyritiferous  shale  and  some  fragments  of  limestone .  840  845 

Some  green  shale,  and  much  concretionary  limestone.  Some  of  the 
limestone  is  white  and  pure,  some  is  in  the  form  of  black  concre¬ 
tions  with  center  of  calcite,  some  is  a  gray  rock  filled  with 
spherules  of  siderite,  and  other  small  grains  of  siderite,  while  some 
is  brownish  red  and  brecciated  and  contains  organic  fragments....  845  850 

White  sandstone,  some  shale,  and  a  few  fragments  of  limestone .  850  855 

Gray  shale  and  shaly  sandstone  .  855  860 

Like  the  preceding  .  860  865 

Sandy  shale,  some  black  shale,  and  some  coal .  865  870 

Very  micaceous  white  sandstone  .  870  875 

Micaceous  sandy  shale .  875  880 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  880  885 

Shaly  gray  sand  . 885  890 

Like  the  preceding  .  890  895 

Gray  micaceous  sand  with  much  pyrite,  some  of  which  is  interstitial 

in  the  sand  .  895  900 

Sand.  (Sample  very  small) .  900  905 

Sandy,  light  gray  and  shaly  rock .  905  910 

Like  the  preceding  .  910  915 

Samples  wanting  .  915  930 

Dark  stony  micaceous  shale  .  930  935 

Like  the  preceding  .  935  940 

Gray  sandstone  .  940  945 

Sand  and  black  laminated  stiff  shale.  Sample  marked :  “Salt  water 

in  this  sand,  or  Bridgeport  sand” .  950  960 

Coarse  rounded  sand,  with  brownish  black  grains  which  effervesce 
very  slowly  in  acid.  Many  crinoid  stems  were  noted,  which  did  not 
effervesce  in  acid  and  which  had  the  appearance  of  consisting  of 

siliceous  material  .  960  975 

Coarse  gray  sand  mixed  with  siderite  fragments  and  pyrite,  and  some 

fire  clay  . 975  980 

Gray  sandstone,  siderite  and  fire  clay .  980  985 

Gray  fairly  clean  sand,  showing  secondary  crystalline  enlargement.  .  985  990 

Gray  sand,  showing  secondary  enlargement  of  grains .  990  1,000 

Yellowish  gray  micaceaus  sandstone.  Note  on  label  of  this  sample : 

“From  M.  L.  Zahniser,  Centralia.  Ill.” .  1,000  1,005 

Gray  sand  and  some  limy  material  .  1,005  1,010 

White  micaceous  sand  with  some  limy  material .  1,010  1,015 

White  micaceous  sand  .  1,015  1,020 

Coarse  white  sand  .  1,020  1,025 

Coarse  white  sand  showing  secondary  enlargement  of  some  grains...  1,025  1,030 

Gray  sand  showing  secondary  enlargement  of  some  grains .  1,030  1,035 

Coarse  gray  sand  (2  samples) .  1,035  1,040 

Gray  sand  .  1,040  1,045 

Fine  gray  micaceous  sand  .  1,045  1,055 

Gray  sandstone,  some  pieces  showing  lamination.  Some  dark  shale..  1,055  1,060 

Gray  sandstone,  some  dark  greenish,  micaceous  shale.  Pyrite  present  1,060  1,065 

Coarse  gray  sand,  some  gray  shale,  a  little  coal,  pyrite  and  limestone 

of  obscurely  spherulitic  concretionary  structure .  1,065  1,070 

Dark  shale  and  some  white  sandstone,  a  little  coal  and  bits  of  siderite. 

(2  samples)  .  1,070  1,075 

White  sandstone  and  concretionary  siderite,  some  pyrite  and  dark 
shale.  A  few  red  conchoidally  breaking  fragments  were  noted  which 
were  hard  and  did  not  effervesce.  This  sample  was  labeled  “dark 

sand”  by  the  driller .  1,075  1,080 

Gray  fire  clay  of  fine  texture  .  1,080  1,100 

Dark  gray  shale,  fine  in  texture  and  comparatively  soft .  1,100  1,110 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale  .  1,110  1,115 

Greenish  dark  micaceous  shale  .  1,115  1,130 

Greenish  black  shale  of  fine  texture  . .  1,130  1,135 

Dark  micaceous  stiff  shale  .  1,135  1,145 

Dark  shale  with  siderite  concretions  .  1,145  1,150 

Dark  shale  . 1,150  1,155 

Dark  greenish  shale,  with  a  few  minute  and  iridescent  mica  scales..  1,155  1,175 

Dark  shale,  gray  fire  clay  and  coarse  sand .  1,175  1,180 

Gray  sand  showing  secondary  crystalline  faces  on  some  grains .  1,180  1,195 

Dark  greenish  gray  micaceous  shale,  speckled  with  minute  black  frag¬ 
ments,  probably  carbonaceous  .  1,195  1,200 

Gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite .  1,200  1,205 

Gray  sandstone,  coarse,  with  a  white  siliceous  interstitial  cement,  and 

some  gray  shale  and  siderite .  1,205  1,210 


80 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  Jslo.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

.  From.  To. 

Gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite,  with  some  small  pieces  of 

sandstone  .  1,210  1,215 

Black  micaceous  shale,  some  siderite .  1,215  1,220 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  sandy  shale  and  a  little  black  shale .  1,220  1,225 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  1,225  1,230 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  1,230  1,235 

Greenish  gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale .  1,235  1,240 

Mostly  a  brown,  apparently  fragmental,  siderite  with  the  texture  of 

an  organic  breccia,  w*ith  white  coarse  sandstone  and  gray  shale....  1,240  1,245 

Fragmental  and  granular  brownish  siderite,  white  sandstone  and 

gray  shale  .  1,245  1,250 

White  sandstone  and  granular  siderite .  1,250  1,255 

Laminated,  white,  pure  sand,  with  granular  brown  siderite .  1,255  1,265 

Yellowish  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  1,265  1,270 

Yellowish  gray  sand  of  fine  texture,  clean .  1,270  1,275 

Greenish  black  shale  of  very  fine  texture  .  .  .  .  . .  1,275  1,290 

Greenish  dark  shale  and  fine  sand .  1,290  1,300 

White  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  matrix  of  calcareous  material  in 

part,  and  some  shale.  Driller’s  note:  “Sandy  lime” .  1,300  1,310 

Dark  shale  and  white  sandstone  with  infiltered  lime.  Driller’s  note : 

“Sandy  lime”  .  1,310  1,320 

Dark  shale  and  a  little  sandstone  with  infiltered  lime.  Bits  of  pyrite  1,320  1,330 

White,  somewhat  coarse  sand  and  a  little  dark  shale.  Pennsylvanian 
in  aspect.  A  carbonaceous  film  or  shred  was  seen  adhering  to  a 

small  piece  of  sandstone .  1,330  1,345 

Yellow  sand  with  a  few  flakes  of  mica  and  some  dark  shale.  Driller’s 

note:  “Salt  sand.”  Pennsylvanian  in  aspect .  1,345  1,360 

No  sample  .  1,360  1,365 

Yellow  sand  and  some  gray  oolitic  limestone  .  1,365  1,370 

No  sample  .  1,370  1,385 

Gray  oolitic  limestone.  Driller’s  note:  “Lime” .  1,385  1,395 

Gray  oolitic  limestone  .  1,395  1,400 

Gray  shale  with  a  few  bits  of  pyrite .  1,400  1,410 

Dark  shale  and  white  sandstone  with  infiltered  lime.  Driller’s  note : 

“Sandy  lime”  .  1,410  1,440 

Black  shale  and  some  white  sandstone  with  a  little  infiltered  lime....  1,440  1,445 

Black  shale  and  some  white  sandstone  -with  infiltered  lime .  1,445  1,450 

Dark  shale,  some  white  limestone  and  red  shale.  Driller’s  note : 

“Sandy  lime  and  top  of  red  rock  for  30  feet  past” .  1,450  1,455 

Gray  shale  and  organic  white  fragmental  limestone.  In  this  limestone 
are  pieces  of  Fenestella,  Polypora  ( ?)  echinoid  spines,  fluted  and 
tuberculated,  some  spicules  (?)  and  fragments  of  brachiopod  shells, 

and  crinoid  stems.  Some  red  shale  noted .  1,445  1,460 

Like  the  preceding,  with  echinoid  spines .  1,460  1,465 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale .  1,465  1,475 

Black  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  1,475  1,485 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  green  shale .  1,485  1,490 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  black  shale.  Some  gray  sandstone 

and  an  Athyris  noted  .  1,490  1,495 

Dark  shale.  Some  limestone  and  crinoid  stems  noted .  1,495  1,500 

Dark  and  red  shale,  with  some  calcareous  material .  1,500  1,505 

Dark  green  shale  .  1,505  1,510 

Bluish  black  shale  .  1,510  1,515 

Gray  shale  and  reddish  yellow  shale  with  considerable  calcareous 

material  . '.  .  1,515  1,525 

Greenish  black  and  brownish  black  shale  of  fine  texture .  1,525  1,530 

Brownish  red  shale,  with  a  yellowish  streak  .  1,530  1,535 

Brownish  red  shale,  and  dark  greenish  gray  shale  .  1,535  1,540 

Brownish  and  greenish  gray  shale.  Driller’s  note :  “Red  rock  in  all 

1,530  to  1,547  feet”  . 1,540  1,550 

Greenish  gray  shale  .  1,550  1,560 

On  the  cover  of  this  sample  is  written:  “Top  of  lime  1,560  feet.  Cased 
here.”  The  sample  consists  of  a  grayish  white  shell  breccia,  which 
consists  of  small  and  thin  shell  fragments  lying  more  or  less  flat 
in  the  same  plane,  showing  small  Athyris  valves — and  shells  of 

other  brachiopods,  and  crinoid  stems  .  1,560  . . . . 

Greenish  sandy  shale  or  shaly  sand,  with  some  red  shale,  and  some 

white  sandstone  of  fine  texture.  Brachiopod  spines  noted .  1,560  1,570 

Dark  greenish  sand  of  very  fine  texture  with  some  white  fine  sand. 

Pyrite  noted.  On  cover  of  sample  is  the  note :  “Top  of  Benoist,  or 

oil  sand”  . 1,570  1,575 

Dark  green  sand  of  very  fine  texture.,  with  some  shale  of  the  same 
color.  Pyrite,  white  sandstone,  with  limestone  and  spines  and  shells 

of  brachiopod  noted.  Labeled:  “Benoist  sand” .  1,575  1,580 

White  sand  with  grains  of  about  .125  mm.  in  diameter.  Driller’s 

note:  “Oil  sand”  .  1,580  1,585 

Greenish  gray  sand  and  sandy  shale,  some  of  which  shows  incipient 
fissures  along  which  oxidation  has  taken  place  and  the  material 
has  assumed  a  red  color.  Some  of  the  shale  is  red.  Crinoid  stems 
and  fragments  of  brachiopod  shells  noted.  Sample  marked : 

“Benoist  or  oil  sand”  .  1,585  1,600 


WELL  RECORDS. 


81 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Siliceous  white  gray  and  green  sandstone  of  very  fine  texture.  Size 
of  grains  in  this  as  in  previous  two  samples  about  .06  mm.  in 
diameter.  Some  dark  gray,  greenish  gray  and  red  shale.  Some 
sandy  shale  was  noted  with  joints  of  oxidized  red  material  inter¬ 
secting  the  green.  This  rock  shows  thin  laminations.! .  1,600  1,605 

Greenish  gray,  gray,  and  dark  brown  sandstone  of  very  fine  texture. 

This  rock  is  laminated,  showing  bright  green  layers  alternating 
with  gray,  brown  and  red  layers.  The  laminae  are  from  .06  mm.  to 
.5  mm.  in  thickness  and  more,  and  are  quite  straight.  On  the  cover 

of  the  sample  is  the  note:  “Bottom  of  oil  or  Benoist  sand” .  1,605  1,610 

Light  gray  sand,  slightly  micaceous  and  apparently  slightly  coarser 
than  the  preceding ;  some  dark  sandy  shale  and  some  dark  brown 

shale  .  1,610  1,615 

Gray  sand  coarser  than  the  above  and  ground  up  into  separate  grains. 

These  average  about  .16  mm.  in  diameter.  On  cover  of  sample 

is  the  note:  “Salt  water  sand” .  1,615  1,625 


25.  WELL  NO.  1,  ON  OPPENLANDER'S  FARM,  ASHLEY  TOWNSHIP, 

WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 

This  well  was  drilled  for  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  in  the  Oppenlander 
farm  in  sec.  16,  T.  2  S.,  R.  1  W.,  in  Ashley  Township,  Washington 
County.  Its  curb  is  at  an  estimated  elevation  of  540  feet  above  sea  level. 
The  material  penetrated  to  a  depth  of  1,045  feet  is  evidently  Pleistocene 
and  Pennsylvanian.  All  below  this  depth  is  Chester. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1,  Oppenlander' s  farm,  Washington 

County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Loess  .  1  25 

Boulder  clay  .  25  46 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  46  55 

Black  shale,  “clod,”  coal  and  fire  clay  .  55  60 

Limestone,  fragmental  ,with  bryozoa,  crinoid  stems,  black  shale,  coal 

and  gray  shale  .  60  75 


Organic  fragmental  limestone,  with  crinoid  stems,  Rhombopora  lepiden- 

droides  and  Fusulina.  All  specimens  of  Fusulina  were  undersized.  .  .  95  107 

Gray  sandy  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  coal .  107  122 

Gray  shale  and  crinoidal  limestone,  with  a  Rhombopora ,  and  a  small 

lamellibranch  in  pyrite  .  122  140 

Gray  shale  and  much  clay  ironstone . , .  140  148 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  white  limestone  .  148  156 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  . 156  164 

Dark  gray  shale  .  164  175 

Gray  limestone  containing  crinoid  stems  and  spines,  Rhombopora 

lepidodendroides,  Phonetes,  sp.  . .  175  181 

Black  shale  and  coal  .  181  196 

Light  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  with  some  concretionary  calcite.  .  196  207 

Sand  and  sandy  light  gray  shale,  much  clay  ironstone,  and  a  few 

large  pieces  of  coal  . 207  212 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  212  220 

Gray  micaceous  fine  sand  and  gray  sandy  shale,  with  clay  ironstone..  220  225 

Very  dark  gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale,  with  clay  ironstone .  225  237 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture .  237  245 

Dark  grajr  shale  of  fine  texture  . 245  252 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  252  260 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  with  some  little  bone  coal  .  260  265 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  with  clay  ironstone .  265  272 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  272  280 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  280  285 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  285  310 

Gray  sandstone,  with  embedded  shreds  of  vegetation  .  310  330 

Gray  sandstone  .  330  ... 

Dark  gray  shale,  “clod,”  with  crinoid  stems,  pyrite  and  some  little 

coal  .  345  358 

Black  shale,  “clod”  and  coal,  some  red  shale  .  358  365 

Gray  shale,  dark  gray  shale  and  gray  fine  sand  .  365  372 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  with  octahedral  pyrite  .  372  380 

—6  G 


82 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  380  387 

Like  the  preceding  .  387  395 

Light  gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  395  402 

Dark  gray  shale  .  402  408 

Dark  gray  shale  .  408  415 

Gray  shale  .  415  422 

Dark  shale,  micaceous  .  422  430 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  430  437 

Dark  stiff  shale  .  437  450 

Black  shale  and  gray  shale  .  450  458 

Black  stiff  shale  and  gray  shale  .  458  470 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  fire  clay,  and  some  coaly  shale .  470  483 

Dark  shale,  red  ochreous  shale,  and  red  shaly  sandstone  .  483  495 

White  limestone;  crinoid  stems  noted  .  495  502 

Green  shale,  gray  shale  and  fire  clay  containing  small  spherules  of 

manganese  (?)  .  502  507 

Green  shale,  red  shale,  fire  clay,  limestone  fragments  and  fragments  of 

black  coaly  shale  .  507  515 

Micaceous  shale  and  micaceous  gray  sandstone  .  515  523 

Micaceous  and  sandy  greenish  gray  shale  .  523  530 

Micaceous  gray  shale  .  530  537 

Gray,  fairly  coarse  micaceous  sand .  537  545 

Like  the  preceding  . . .  545  555 

Like  the  preceding  .  555  562 

Like  the  preceding  .  562  571 

Like  the  preceding  .  571  579 

Like  the  preceding  .  579  585 

Like  the  preceding  .  585  592 

Like  the  preceding  .  592  600 

Yellowish  brown  sand  .  600  607 

Like  the  preceding  .  607  611 

Gray  sandstone  .  611  617 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  617  624 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  624  631 

Gray  shaly  sand  .  631  639 

Gray  fine  sand  .  639  645 

Like  the  preceding  .  645  652 

Gray  sand  . 652  660 

Gray  sandstone  .  660  667 

Gray  sandstone  .  667  674 

Gray  sand  .  674  680 

Gray  sand  .  680  686 

Almost  white  sand  .  686  692 

Like  the  preceding  .  69  2  698 

Like  the  preceding  .  698  708 

Like  the  preceding  .  708  714 

Like  the  preceding  . • .  714  721 

Gray  sand  .  721  728 

Gray  sand  .  728  737 

Gray  sand  .  737  743 

Sand.  With  this  is  some  black  bituminous  (?)  material  and  some 
coal,  some  of  which  has  evidently  been  partly  burned.  Probably  all 

the  coal  is  an  accidental  admixture  .  743  747 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  .  747  755 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  755  761 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  . 761  768 

Gray  shale  of  fine  texture  . 768  775 

Gray  shale  .  775  782 

Gray  shale  .  782  790 

Gray  shale  .  790  795 

Gray  shale,  and  some  red  shale  .  795  801 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture .  801  807 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  red  shale  .  807  813 

Shale,  fire  clay  and  coal  .  813  820 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  820  826 

Dark  shale  of  fine  textuie  and  fire  clay  .  826  833 

Black  clay  shale,  impure  coal  and  “clod”  .  833  839 

Dark  shale,  fire  clay  and  concretionary  material  .  839  845 

Like  the  preceding  .  845  851 

Dark  gray  and  light  gray  laminated  micaceous  shale  .  851  858 

Dark  gray,  almost  black  micaceous  shale  .  858  864 

Black  stiff  shale  .  864  870 

Like  the  preceding  .  870  876 

Black  and  gray  stiff  micaceous  shale  .  87  6  882 

Dark  stiff  micaceous  shale  .  882  888 

Like  the  preceding  .  888  894 

Dark  stiff  shale  . .  894  900 

Like  the  preceding  .  900  907 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  917  914 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  .  .  . .  914  920 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  920  926 


WELL  RECORDS. 


83 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  micaceous  sand  and  dark  gray  shale  .  926  933 

Medium  coarse  gray  sand  with  secondary  facets  .  933  939 

Like  the  preceding  .  939  945 

Like  the  preceding  .  945  951 

Like  the  preceding  .  951  957 

Yellowish  gray  medium  coarse  sand,  .25  mm.  to  1  mm.  in  diameter, 

with  secondary  facets  .  957  964 

Like  the  preceding  .  964  97U 

Like  the  preceding  .  970  975 

Yellowish  gray  sand  with  a  few  fragments  of  coal  .  975  981 

Yellowish  gray  sand  .  981  989 

Brownish  gray  sand  .  989  995 

Brownish  gray  sand,  with  some  grains  exceeding  one  mm.  in  diameter  995  1,000 

Brownish  gray  sand  like  the  preceding  .  1,000  1,005 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,005  1,010 

Almost  white  sand,  fine  grained  .  1,010  1,015 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,015  1,021 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,021  1,026 

Gray  sand,  with  some  brown  fragments  of  sandstone  .  1,026  1,033 

Gray,  pink  and  brown  sandstone  of  fine  texture .  1,033  1,038 

Like  the  preceding,  but  finer  .  1,038  1,044 

Red  shale  and  some  blue  shale,  of  fine  texture,  like  the  Chester  shales.  1,044  1,049 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,044  1,049 

Black  shale,  red  shale  and  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  1,054  1,060 

Black  shale  .  1,060  1,065 

Fine  gray  sand,  with  some  red  shale,  some  black  shale  and  some 

pink  sandstone  .  1,065  1,070 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,070  1,075 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,075  1,081 

Fine,  light  gray  sand,  grains  mostly  less  than  .25  mm.  in  diameter, 

with  some  pink  sandstone  . 1,081  1,087 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,087  1,093 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,093  1,100 

Like  the  preceding,  but  darker  .  1,100  1,106 

Fine,  gray  sand,  with  some  coarse  sand  grains,  some  little  black 

shale  and  some  dark  gray  fragmental  limestone  .  1,106  1,112 

Gray  marly  shale  .  1,112  1,117 

Gray  marly  shale  .  1,117  1,122 

Gray  marly  shale  .  1,122  1,126 

Gray  marly  shale.  Note  on  sample  sack  :  “Some  cave  in  these  sam¬ 
ples  up  here”  .  1,126  1,131 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,131  1,135 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,135  1,140 

Shaly  lime  rock,  mostly  black,  also  dark  brown,  bluish  black,  and  gray  1,140  1,146 

Dark  bluish  black  calcareous  shale  and  a  little  limestone .  1,146  1,152 

Bluish  black  and  reddish  dark  brown  shale .  1,152  1,158 

Bluish  black  and  dark  brown  shale,  with  pink  satin  spar  (calcite) 
fragments,  that  evidently  are  from  layers  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch 
in  thickness.  The  fibrous  structure  is  vertical  to  the  fragments 

of  the  layer  . 1,158  1,164 

Dai’k  gray,  almost  black,  shale,  with  some  dark  red  fragments.  Satin 

spar  (calcite),  as  in  the  preceding  .  1,164  1,170- 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,170  1,176 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,176  1,182 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,182  1,188 

Bluish  black  shale  with  some  fragments  of  gray  fine  grained  sand¬ 
stone  .  1,188  1,194 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,194  1,199 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,199  1,204 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,204  1,209 

Mostly  black  shale  with  a  few  fragments  of  white  sandstone .  1,209  1,214 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,214  1,219 

Fine  gray  sand  .  1,219  1,225 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,225  1,230 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,230  1,235 

Fine  gray  sand  with  some  black  shale .  1,235  1,241 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,241  1,247 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,247  1,253 

Fine  gray  sand  with  some  dark  gray,  some  dark  green,  and  some 

dark  red,  shale .  1,253  1,258 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,258  1,264 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,264  1,269 

Moderately  coarse  gray  sandstone,  with  almost  black  shale,  splitting 

into  thin  narrow  splinters .  1,269  1,275 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,275  1,280 

Gray,  organic  fragmental  limestone,  crinoid  joints  noted .  1,280  1,285 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,285  1,290 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,290  1,295 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,295  1,300 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,300  1,305 


84 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,305  1,310 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,310  1,315 

Greenish  gray  shale  with  scattered  minute  black  shreds  of  vegetation  1,315  1,320 

Greenish  gray  shale  .  1,320  1,325 

Greenish  gray  and  red  shale  .  1,325  1,330 

Greenish  gray  and  red  shale  .  1,330  1,336 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,336  i;3 40 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,340  1,345 

Greenish,  gray,  dark  bluish  gray  and  dark  purple  brown  shale .  1,345  1,350 

Dark  gray  shale  and  red  shale,  with  gray  oolitic  limestone .  1,350  1,355 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  red  shale  and  organic  fragmental  gray 

limestone  .  1,355  1,361 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,361  1,366 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone,  dark  gray  shale  and  red  shale...  1,366  1,371 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,371  1,376 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,376  1,381 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,381  1,386 

Gray  shale  .  1,386  1,391 

Gray  crinoidal  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale .  1,391  1,396 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,396  1,401 

Crinoidal  and  oolitic  gray  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale .  1,401  1,406 

Gray  limestone  and  shale.  Terebratula  noted  . '  1,406  1,411 

Gray  and  red  marly  shales  .  1,411  1,414 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,414  1,419 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,419  1,424 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,424  1,429 

Missing  .  1,429  1,434 

Gray  and  red  marly  shales .  1,434  1,440 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,440  1,445 

Dark  gray  limestone,  dark  gray  shale  and  red  shale . .• .  1,445  1,450 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,450  1,455 

Gray  crinoidal  limestone  and  some  dark  gray  shale .  1,455  1,460 

Gray  limestone  of  fine  texture  with  some  crinoid  joints  embedded....  1,460  1,465 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,465  1,470 

Gray  limestone  of  compact  texture  with  some  fine  sand .  1,470  1,475 

Dark,  almost  black  shale,  and  some  red  and  gray  shale .  1,475  1,480 

Black  and  grayish  black  shale .  1,480  1,485 

Greenish  black  or  gray  shale,  marly .  1,485  1,490 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,490  1,495 

Red  shale  and  dark  greenish  gray  shale .  1,495  1,500 

Like  the  preceding  . 1,500  1,505 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,505  1,510 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,510  1,515 

Brown  shale  and  gray  and  yellow  stony  shale .  1,515  1,520 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,520  1,525 

Greenish  gray  sandy  shale,  or  sandstone,  dark  gray  shale  and  some 

red  shale  .  1,525  1,530 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  black  shale  and  brown  shale .  1,530  1,535 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  with  some  dark  shale .  1,535  1,540 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,540  1,545 

Yellowish  gray  fine  grained  sandstone .  1,545  1,550 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,550  1,555 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,555  1,560 

Brown  sand,  coarser  than  the  preceding .  1,560  1,565 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,565  1,570 

Greenish  gray  and  red  marly  shale  .  1,570  1,575 

Dark  almost  black  shale  and  greenish  gray  calcareous  shale .  1,575  1,580 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,585  1,587 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,587  1,592 

Like  the  preceding  . 1,592  1,596 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,596  1,600 

Black  shale  and  crinoidal,  organic  fragmental  limestone  showing 

specks  of  intense  green  .  1,600  1,605 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,605  1,610 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,610  1,615 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,615  1,620 

Missing  .  1,620  1,625 

White  organic  fragmental  (crinoidal)  limestone  and  black  greenish 

gray,  and  red  shale  .  1,625  1,630 

Red,  gray  and  green  shale,  and  white  crinoidal  limestone .  1,630  1,635 

White  crinoidal  limestone,  showing  occasional  green  fragments. .  1,635  1,640 

Brownish  red  quartz  sand  of  fine  texture  .  1,640  1,645 

Gray  sandstone,  limestone  and  dark  shale  .  1,645  1,650 

Brownish  sand  of  fine  texture  . 1,650  1,655 

Brownish  gray  sand  of  fine  texture  .  1,655  1,660 

Light  gray  fine  sand  .  1,660  1,665 

Pinkish  brown  fine  sand  .  1,665  1,670 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,670  1,675 

Gray  fine  sand  .  1,675  1,679 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,679  1,687 


WELL  RECORDS. 


85 


26.  WELL  OF  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  COAL  AND  SALT  COMPANY,  ST.  JOHNS, 

PERRY  COUNTY. 

This  well  is  one  of  the  deepest  drillings  made  in  the  State.  Prof. 
Frank  Leverett  has  published  the  driller’s  record  of  this  well  on  pages 
772-773,  Monograph  38  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  Some 
additional  descriptions  of  the  rocks  penetrated  by  the  drill  can  now  be 
given,  especially  from  the  deeper  part  of  the  section  which  seems  to  be 
least  detailed  in  Leverett’s  report.  Nineteen  samples  were  lately  given 
to  the  writer  by  Dr.  Stuart  Weller.  These  consisted  of  the  following: 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  St.  Johns,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Bluish  gray  limestone  with  bryozoa,  Pentremites,  crinoid  stems,  Athyris....  1,107 

Dark  red  shale  .  1,111 

Two  samples  of  gray  sandstone,  one  with  a  slight  amount  of  calcareous 

cement.  Between  1,190  and .  1,280 

Three  fragments  of  blue  shale  showing  several  bryozoa,  among  which  were 

some  Archimedes  . / . ,.  .  1,290 

An  organic  calcareous  breccia,  in  which  green  clay  was  present  between 

some  of  the  fragments  . . .  1,305 

Mostly  fairly  clear  fragments  of  calcite  crystals .  2,271 

Green  unctuous  shale  (about)  .  3,000 

Very  dark  greenish  shale,  black  when  wet,  laminated .  3,001 

Black  shale,  bituminous,  broken  into  small  and  slender  quadrangular  pris- 

moids.  3,087  to .  3,099 

Greenish  black  shale,  splitting  into  thin  long  and  slender  fragments.  In 
some  fragments  are  thin  round  minute  flakes  of  brown  or  yellow  calcareous 

material,  lying  flat  with  the  bedding  planes  .  3,100 

Black  shale  with  much  translucent  brown  bituminous  material  in  flakes 
of  irregular  forms.  When  heated  it  emits  distinctly  bituminous  odor,  with 
white  fumes.  It  is  apparently  identical  with  the  shale  in  sample  taken 
at  3,087-3,099.  The  sample  contains  some  rounded  oval  quartz  (?)  grains, 

about  .16  mm.  in  diameter.  From  3.099  to .  3,102 

Dolomitic,  fine-grained,  straw-colored  limestone,  cherty .  3,127 

Dolomitic  limestone,  with  much  chert,  straw  to  white  in  color .  3,300 

Dolomitic  limestone,  straw-colored  and  much  gray  chert  of  fine  texture.  .  .  .  3,380 

Slightly  dolomitic  yellow  limestone,  fine  'textured,  with  much  dense  chert.  .  .  3,525 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  with  some  some  crystalline  calcite  and  some 
fine-textured  bluish  green,  shale-like  limestone,  effervescing  slowly  with 
acid  .  3,350 


During  the  progress  of  the  drilling  in  1897,  Mr.  John  Forester,  who 
superintended  the  work,  was  in  correspondence  with  Dr.  C.  H.  Crantz, 
Curator  of  the  Illinois  State  Museum  of  Natural  History,  in  Springfield. 
Several  small  samples  of  cuttings  were  submitted  to  Dr.  Crantz  for  exam¬ 
ination.  This  correspondence,  and  some  of  the  samples  were  loaned  to 
the  writer  for  further  examination  in  1909,  and  the  following  observa¬ 
tions  were  made : 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  St.  Johns,  Illinois. 


Light  gray,  almost  white,  limestone,  which  effervesces  briskly  in  acid.  Also 
many  fragments  of  crystalline  calcite.  The  depth  at  which  this  sample 
was  taken  is  not  noted  in  the  letter  with  which  it  was  enclosed,  but 
judging  from  the  date  of  the  letter,  Sept.  27,  1898,  it  was  from  some¬ 
where  near  . 

Yellowish  light  gray  limestone,  effervescing  briskly  in  acid.  Spoken  of  in 
letter  dated  Oct.  7,  1897,  as  coming  from  the  “top  of  the  rock  we  are 

now  in.”  Somewhere  about  . (?)  2,300 

Dark  gray  limestone,  effervescing  moderately  slowly  in  acid,  and  contain¬ 
ing  scattered  minute  black  specks,  visible  under  the  microscope.  The 
rock  is  of  microscopic  crystalline  structure.  The  accompanying  letter 
dated  November  15,  contains  the  note:  “We  have  been  in  the  Trenton 
for  the  last  400-500  feet.”  Depth  is  given  as .  2,500 


Depth 
in  feet. 


(  ?)  2,200 


86 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Well  at  St.  Johns — Concluded. 

Depth 
in  feet. 


Dark  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  minute  black  specks,  which  in  two 
fragments  appeared  as  parallel  black  needles.  Under  a  ^4-inch  objective 
these  specks  appeared  as  large  as  the  dot  in  the  letter  i.  One  green 

grain  was  noted.  Forwarded  in  letter  dated  Nov.  29,  1897.  Depth .  2,540 

A  limestone  like  the  preceding  sample  in  every  particular.  Sample  in  a 

letter  dated  Dec.  22.  1897.  Depth .  2,550 


From  letters  written  by  J.  Forester  to  several  parties  the  following 
items  have  been  obtained: 

“Light-gray  limerock  extended  from  3,001  to  3,063  feet.  This  rock 
was  harder  at  depths  of  from  3,026  to  3,057,  than  elsewhere.  There  was 
a  light  green  shale  at  from  3,063  to  3,085  feet.  A  dark  gray  limerock 
was  penetrated  at  from  3,085  to  3,087  feet.  This  is  said  to  have  been 
hard  to  cut.  Black  sand  is  mentioned  as  having  been  found  at  depths  of 
from  3,099  to  3,102  feet.  In  a  letter  written  Jan.  27,  1899,  when 
drilling  was  going  on  at  3;400  feet  below  the  surface,  Mr.  Forester  says 
that  There  was  more  than  200  feet  of  limestone  above  this  level.  Above 
this  limestone  there  was  shale/  99 

An  interpretation  of  the  record  of  this  well  must  be  doubtful.  There  ' 
can  be  no  question  that  the  first  490  feet  are  in  the  Pennsylvanian  sedi¬ 
ments,  nor  is  there  any  doubt  that  the  strata  from  1,000  to  1,600  feet 
belong  to  the  Chester.  The  well  is  near  a  region  where  the  Devonian 
series  is  known  to  be  more  than  a  thousand  feet  thick.  Taking  all  these 
things  into  consideration,  the  present  writer  would  make  the  following 
interpretation : 


Interpretation  of  record  of  well  at  St.  Johns ,  Illinois. 

Thickness 
in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Pennsylvanian  or  Pottsville  .  0  491) 

Chester,  including  unknown  overlying  beds .  490  1,595 

St.  Louis  .  1,595  1,940 

Warsaw  .  1,940  2,095 

Burlington  and  Kinderhook  .  2,095  2,300 

Devonian  and  Niagaran,  the  latter  probably  in  small  thickness .  2,300  3,053 

Cincinnatian  .  3,053  3,153 

Galena  and  Trenton  . .*....  3,153  3,600 


With  this  interpretation  the  limestones  are  Ordovician.  The  crevice 
yielding  salt  water  at  2,275  feet  below  the  surface  is  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  Burlington  limestone,  where  a  water-bearing  cavernous  rock  is 
common  in  the  central  part  of  the  State.  The  sand  reported  in  the 
drillings  from  this  depth  may  possibly  be  finely  comminuted  chert.  The 
relationship  of  the  limestones,  shales,  and  sandstones  from  500  to  1,000 
feet  below  the  surface  is  problematic.  They  are  probably  Mississippian. 
As  this  locality  is  near  the  central  region  of  a  structural  basin,  differen¬ 
tial  sinking  might  account  for  the  prolonged  continuation  of  sedimenta¬ 
tion  in  the  Mississippian  sea  in  this  region. 


I 


WELL  RECORDS. 


87 


27.  WELL  NO.  1,  ON  THE  L.  GALLAGHER  FARM,  PERRY  COUNTY. 

This  well  drilled  for  the  Mid  Valley  Oil  Company  is  in  the  SE.  % 
NW.  %  sec.  17,  T.  6  S.,  R.  3  W.,  Perry  County.  The  elevation  at  its 
curb  is  estimated  to  be  450  feet  above  sea  level.  A  study  of  the  samples 
obtained  during  the  drilling  shows  that  the  Chester  series  begins  at  a 
depth  of  740  feet. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Gallagher  farm. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Yellow  loess  .  1  6 

Surface  clay  (yellow)  and  some  sand  grains  .  6  15 

No  sample  .  15  24 

Drift,  sand  and  pebbles  and  a  little  dark  shale  .  24  32 

Yellow  loess  and  other  drift  .  32  4b 

Sand,  coal  fragments  and  drift  pebbles  .  40  48 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  drift  pebbles  .  48  58 

Gray  shale,  siderite,  black  shale,  gray  limestone,  drift  pebbles  and 

chert  .  58  67 

Sand,  siderite,  and  drift  pebbles  .  67  74 

Gray  shale,  weathered  and  containing  some  calcareous  material .  74  84 

Black  limestone  . 84  87 

Black  slaty  shale,  highly  bituminous  and  some  coal  .  87  92 

Black  shale,  with  some  limestone,  some  sandstone  and  some  fire  clay.  .  92  98 

Gray  sandstone,  yellow  concretionary  limestone,  black  shale  and 

mineral  charcoal  .  98  105 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  105  114 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale,  showing  dark  and  light  laminae  and 

gray  sandstone  with  embedded  yellow  spherules  of  siderite .  114  12Q 

Gray,  white  and  yellow  sandstone,  dark  gray  sandy  shale,  and  some 
white  and  yellow  sandstone.  Some  of  the  sandstone  contains  shreds 
of  carbonaceous  material  and  some  contain  spherules  of  siderite...  120  127 

Black  shale,  very  bituminous,  waxy  to  the  knife,  and  a  dark  gray, 

coarse,  organic,  brecciated  limestone  .  127  135 

Black  shale,  “clod,”  containing  a  small  tuberculated  gasteropod  and 

fragments  of  other  fossils,  coal  and  fire  clay  .  135  143 

Coal  and  fire  clay  .  143  149 

Coal  and  fire  clay  . 149  153 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  fire  clay  .  153  160 

White  micaceous  sandstone  .  160  166 

Gray  sandstone  with  embedded  spherules  of  siderite  .  166  172 

Gray  clay  shale,  gray  sandstone,  siderite,  pyrite  and  some  limestone..  172  178 

Gray  sandy  shale,  black  shale,  limestone,  concretionary  siderite  and 

pyrite  .  178  184 

Gray  shale  and  fire  clay,  coal,  black  shale,  and  pyrite  .  184  190- 

Black  shale,  gray  fire  clay,  coal,  pyrite  and  some  limestone .  190  196. 

Black  shale,  coal,  organic  calcareous  fragments,  woody  tissue,  pyrite 

and  fire  clay  .  196  202: 

Sandy  shale,  gray,  and  some  greenish  gray  shale  .  202  206 

Gray  shale,  some  coal  and  limestone  .  206  212 

Gray  shale,  black  shale,  coal,  siderite  and  limestone .  212  218 

Gray  sandstone,  gray  shale,  black  shale,  coal  and  pyrite  .  218  224 

Dark  and  black  shale,  gray  sandstone,  concretionary  siderite,  carbon¬ 
aceous  woody  tissue  and  pyrite  .  224  230 

Black  shale,  gray  sandstone,  siderite,  fragments  of  red,  brown  and 

yellow  limestone  .  230  236 

Yellowish  gray  limestone,  gray  shale,  gray  sandy  shale,  bright  red 

rock  fragments,  and  sandstone  .  23  6  242 

Dark  gray  sandstone,  soft,  and  of  fine  texture  .  242  248 

Gray  sandy  shale,  siderite,  pyrite,  and  some  white  calcareous  frag¬ 
ments  .  248  254 

Gray  shale,  with  some  siderite  and  pyrite  .  254  260 

Gray  shale,  gray  sandstone  with  carbonaceous  fragments,  some  frag¬ 
ments  of  red  rock,  some  limestone  and  pyrite .  260  272 

Coal,  siderite,  fire  clay  and  pyrite  .  272  278 

Black  shale  containing  laminae  of  coal,  white  and  gray  limestone,  with 
crinoid  stems,  and  a  small  tuberculated  gasteropod.  Pyritized  woody 

tissue,  some  bright  red  rock,  and  some  siderite .  278  284 

Pyrite,  black  shale,  pyritized  woody  tissue,  siderite,  some  calcite  and 

some  limestone  .  284  290 

Gray  limestone,  concretionary  siderite,  and  pyrite  .  290  295 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  gray  sandstone  with  carbonaceous  shreds 

and  some  siderite  .  295  301 

Dark  micaceous  shale  with  some  fragments  of  calcareous  material.  .  .  .  301  806 

Gray  sandstone  and  gray  shale  .  306  312 


88 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Gallagher  farm — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

White  micaceous  laminated  sandstone  with  some  shale  .  312  318 

White  sand  .  318  334 

Gray  sandstone,  red  sandstone,  siderite,  black  shale,  pyrite,  spherules 

of  siderite,  and  limestone  .  334  340 

White  sandstone  and  some  shale  .  340  346 

Coarse  white  sand  .  346  352 

Micaceous  white  sandstone,  coarse,  with  a  few  fragments  of  limestone, 

pyrite  and  siderite  .  352  358 

White  sand  .  358  370 

White  sandstone,  fairly  coarse  .  370  376 

White  micaceous  sand  .  376  384 

Light  gray  sandstone  .  384  390 

White  micaceous  sand  .  390  396 

Gray  sand  and  shale  .  396  401 

White  sandstone,  some  shale  and  calcareous  material  .  401  404 

Light,  dark  gray,  and  a  little  brown  shale  and  fine  sandstone  .  404  407 

Fine,  white,  micaceous  sandstone  .  407  410 

Coarse  white  sand  .  410  415 

Sandstone,  laminated,  white,  micaceous.  A  pebble  of  quartz  about 

one-eighth  inch  noted  .  415  420 

Fine  white  micaceous  sandstone  .  420  425 

Gray  micaceous  sand  .  425  430 

Gray  sand  .  430  435 

■Coarse  sand  of  many  well  rounded  grains  .  435  440 

White  and  gray  sandstone  of  coarse  rounded  grains  with  infiltrated 

carbonate  of  lime  and  some  small  pieces  of  shale  .  440  445 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sand  and  a  little  dark  shale  .  445  450 

White  sand  .  455  461 

Coarse  white  sandstone  and  a  little  pyrite  .  461  466 

White  micaceous  sandstone  . 466  472 

White  sandstone  . 472  484 

White  micaceous  sand  .  484  490 

White  sand  .  490  508 

Pure  white  sand  .  508  51* 

White  sand  .  514  520 

Coarse  white  sand  .  520  525 

Gray  calcareous  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  525  528 

Mostly  dark  gray  and  black  shale,  some  sandstone  and  quartz  grains..  530  535 

Sandstone,  limestone,  pyrite  and  shale  .  535  540 

Dark  shale,  white  sandstone,  and  a  little  limestone .  540  546 

Gray  and  red  sandstone,  gray  shale,  and  pyrite  .  546  552 

White  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  gray  shale  .  552  558 

White  sandstone,  fairly  coarse  .  558  564 

Gray  micaceous  sand,  and  a  little  dark  shale  .  564  569 

White  sandstone  and  a  little  red  shale.  Sand  grains  with  secondary 

crystal  faces  .  569  574 

Pink,  purple,  brown,  yellow  and  white  sandstone .  574  580 

White,  gray,  dark,  pink,  and  brown  sandstone  .  580  585 

White  quartz  sand  .  585  590 

White  sand  with  secondary  crystallization  .  590  596 

White  sandstone  and  a  little  gray  shale  .  596  602 

White  sand  with  some  grains  showing  secondary  growth  .  602  608 

Clean  white  sand  .  608  614 

Pure  white  sand  showing  secondary  crystallization  .  614  620 

White  sandstone  and  a  few  grains  of  coal  .  620  625 

Wrhite  and  fine  grained  sandstone,  pyrite,  a  little  coal  and  shale .  625  630 

Limestone,  black  and  white  shale,  fine  sand  and  quartz  crystals .  630  635 

Gray  micaceous  sand  and  a  little  gray  shale  .  635  640 

Fine-grained  quartz  sand,  some  black  shale  and  fragments  of  limestone  640  645 

Gray  sand  .  645  650 

Gray,  micaceous  and  fairly  coarse  sand  and  a  little  shale  and  some 

limestone  .  650  655 

White  sandstone  with  dark  laminae,  fragments  of  coal,  some  shale, 

fragments  of  siderite  concretions,  some  pyrite  and  some  red  grains.  .  655  660 

White  sandstone  .  660  665 

Gray  micaceous  sand,  some  limestone,  and  some  gray  shale  .  665  670 

Gray  sandstone,  pink  sandstone  and  dark  gray  shale  .  670  675 

Gray  calcareous  sandstone  showing  minute  shreds  of  vegetation  and 

pyrite  . 675  680 

Dark  limestone  and  shale,  some  calcite,  pyrite,  a  little  white  lime¬ 
stone.  Brachiopod  spine  noted  .  680  685 

Gray  shale  with  some  fragments  of  limestone  and  pyrite  .  685  690 

Bluish  black  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  690  695 

Gray  calcareous  sandstone,  dark  gray  shale,  some  fragments  of  black 

bituminous  material,  some  gray  limestone  and  pyrite  .  695  700 

Gray,  red  and  white  sandstone,  gray  and  black  shale,  and  some  lime¬ 
stone.  Aspect:  Pottsville  .  700  705 

Gray  sandstone,  dark  shale,  some  red,  green  and  brown  fragments  of 

limestone  and  a  little  pyrite  .  705  710 

Gray  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  710  715 


WELL  RECORDS. 


89 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Gallagher  farm — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  black  shale  .  715  720 

Gray  sandstone,  black  shale,  some  coal,  some  petrified  wood  and  some 

pyrite  .  720  723 

Gray  laminated  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  723  727 

Laminated  dark  gray  sandstone  and  fragments  of  pyrite  .  727  7  32 

Gray  sandstone,  showing  carbonaceous  shreds  and  layers .  732  738 

Greenish  black  shale  and  a  few  fragments  of  red  shale  .  738  744 

Brown  and  bluish  dark  shale,  some  pyrite  and  some  fragments  of 

white  sandstone  .  744  751 

Black  shale,  brown  shale,  and  greenish  gray  shale  .  751  757 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale  .  757  763 

Black  shale  and  red  shale,  and  much  organic  limestone,  and  some 

oolitic  limestone.  A  bryozoan  noted  .  763  770 

Bluish  gray  shale  .  770  776 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  776  782 

Mostly  gray  organic  fragmental  limestone.  Some  light  gray  shale. 

A  separate  sample  labeled  784-785  is  also  oolitic  .  782  786 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  dark  shale .  786  792 

Red  shale,  some  greenish,  fine-grained  sandstone,  some  black  shale, 

and  some  limestone  . 792  798 

Gray  shaly  limestone  .  798  804 

White  limestone,  dark  shale,  and  some  fragments  of  sandstone .  804  809 

Dark  bluish  shale  and  gray  organic  fragmental  limestone .  809  812 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  gray  shale .  812  815 

Black  shale,  dark  gray  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  815  821 

Gray  shale  and  organic  fragmental  gray  limestone .  821  827 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  dark  shale.  Spines  of 

brachiopods  noted  .  827  832 

Gray  shale  of  fine  texture,  and  some  gray  limestone .  832  838 

Mostly  black  shale  splitting  into  thin  fragments.  A  very  few  quartz 
grains  noted.  Also  some  white  limestone  and  a  few  fragments  of 

red  calcareous  rock  .  838  844 

Dark  bluish  gray  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  844  850 

Gray  shale  . 850  856 

Gray  shale  with  embedded  shells  and  some  organic  fragmental  lime¬ 
stone  .  856  862 

Dark  gray  shale  and  a  little  limestone .  862  868 

Greenish  gray  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  868  874 

Dark  gray  shale  with  a  valve  of  a  brachiopod .  874  880 

Shale, -sandstone  and  soft  clay  shale .  880  885 

Dark  gray  shale  .  885  890 

Dark  gray,  fine  grained  shale  and  a  little  limestone .  890  895 

Black  shale  .  895  900 

Black  or  dark  shale,  splitting  into  thin  fragments.  Pyrite  noted.  A 

few  fragments  of  limestone  .  900  906 

Black  shale  and  some  gray  organic  limestone  .  906  912 

Like  the  preceding  .  912  918 

Dark  bluish  gray  shale,  white,  fine  grained,  and  some  gray  limestone.  .  918  924 

Like  the  preceding  .  924  927 

Black  shale  .  927  930 

Gray  fine  grained  sand  and  a  few  pieces  of  shale .  930  935 

White  sand  of  very  fine  texture  .  935  940 

Quartz  sand  of  fine  texture,  some  black  and  some  gray  shale .  940  945 

Shale  and  oolitic  limestone  .  945  950 

Greenish  black  shale  of  fine  and  uniform  texture .  950  955 

Dark  shale  of  uniform  and  fine  texture,  with  some  limestone .  955  957 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  and  uniform  texture .  957  960 

Bluish  dark  gray  shale  .  960  965 

Gray  organic  fragmental  and  oolitic  limestone .  965  970 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  and  dark  gray  marly  shale .  970  975 

'Oolitic  limestone  and  gray  shale . 975  980 

Limestone  and  shale,  black  and  gray.  Crinoid  joints  noted .  980  985 

Gray  limestone  and  dark  shale  in  about  equal  quantities.  One  frag¬ 
ment  of  lobster-red  rock  .  985  990 

Gray  shale  and  oolitic  limestone  in  about  equal  quantities .  990  995 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  shale  .  995  1,000 

Organic  fragmental  and  oolitic  limestone  and  gray,  stony  and  marly 

shale  .  1,000  1,003 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  and  gray  marly  shale.  Crinoid 

joints  and  fluted  echinoid  spines  noted  .  1,003  1,006 

Dark  gray  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  1,006  1,009 

Dark  shale,  limestone  and  occasional  fragments  of  chert .  1,009  1,012 

Organic  fragmental  limestone,  gray  shale  and  some  sand .  1,012  1,015 

Gray  and  white  limestone,  dark  shale,  and  fragments  of  coal .  1,015  1,020 

Black  shale  and  oolitic  limestone.  Some  joints  of  crinoid  stems  and 

pieces  of  Athyris  (?)  valves  noted  .  1,020  1,025 

Gray  limestone  and  dark  gray  shale .  1,025  1,030 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  .  1,030  1,035 

Dark  bluish  gray  shale,  and  organic  fragmental  limestone .  1,035  1,037 

Red  shale  and  green  shale,  and  a  few  fragments  of  oolitic  limestone..  1,037  1,043 


90 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Gallagher  farm — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet- 
From.  To. 


Red  shale,  greenish  shale,  and  some  white  limestone .  1,043  1,048 

Red  shale  and  gray  marly  shale  .  1,048  1,054 

Red  shale  and  oolitic  limestone  and  some  dark  shale .  1,054  1,060 

Black  shale  with  some  pieces  of  red  shale  and  some  fragments  of 

coal,  pyrite  present  .  1,060  1,070 

Black  shale  and  dark  fragmental  limestone,  with  a  small  Spirifer. 

Some  red  shale  .  1,070  1,075 

Dark  gray  calcareous  shale,  with  crinoid  stem  joints  and  other 

organic  fragments  .  1,075  1,080 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale,  some  gray  shale,  and  white  oolitic  lime¬ 
stone,  which  contains  bryozoa,  crinoid  joints,  etc .  1,080  1,085 

White  oolitic  limestone  having  coarse  organic  fragments  and  black 

and  dark  gray  shale  . . .  1,085  1,090 

White  oolitic  limestone,  with  large  incrusted  organic  fragments  and 

some  black  shale  .  1,090  1,095 

Grayish  white  oolitic  limestone,  containing  joints  of  crinoids  stems 

and  other  organic  fragments  and  some  black  shale .  1,095  l,10fr 

A  dark  gray  shale  in  which  are  imbedded  small  calcareous  organic 

fragments.  Bryozoa  noted  .  1,100  1,105 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,105  1,110 

Black  shale  and  some  shale  like  that  in  the  preceding .  1,110  1,115 

Some  black  shale  and  some  gray  shale  with  embedded  minute  cal¬ 
careous  fragments  .  1,115  1,121 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,121  1,127 

Gray  limestone  with  brachiopods  and  a  Fistulipora,  and  some  dark 

gray  shale  .  1,127  1,134 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  gray  organic  limestone.  Some  of  the  dark 

gray  shale  shows  thin  interrupted  foliations  of  coal .  1,134  1,140 

Dark  shale  and  organic  fragmental  white  limestone.  A  number  of  the 
fragments  consisted  of  a  shale  which  was  itself  made  up  of  minute 
lumps  of  greenish  and  gray  shale,  small  fragments  of  organic  cal¬ 
careous  material  and  shreds  of  vegetation  changed  to  coal.  Some 

impressions  of  leaves  also  seen  .  1,145  1,152 

Gray  shale  and  organic  calcareous  fragments  with  impressions  of 

brachiopods  .  1,145  1,152 

Gray  shale  and  fragments  of  organic  limestone.  Archimedes  and 

crinoid  stems  noted  .  1,152  1,158 

Shaly  oolitic  gray  limestone.  Dielasma,  several  bryozoa,  and  joints 

of  crinoid  stems  noted  .  1,158  1,163 

Gray  shale  and  light  gray  organic  fragmental  limestone .  1,163  1,168 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,168  1,171 

Dark  gray  shale.  Some  of  the  shale  contains  embedded  shreds  of 

vegetation  .  1,171  1,175 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  1,175  1,180 

Gray  shale  with  bryozoa  and  a  distorted  Athyris .  1,180  1,185 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,185  1,190 

Dark  gray  shale  and  gray  limestone  of  very  fine  texture .  1,190  1,195 

Dark,  greenish  gray  shale  of  very  fine  texture .  1,195  1.198 


28.  WELL  OF  THE  DUQUOIN  LAND  AND  FARMING  COMPANY,  NEAR 

DUQUOIN,  PERRY  COUNTY. 

In  August,  1910,  some  samples  of  drilling  from  a  wild-cat  prospect 
well  east  of  Duquoin,  Perry  County,  were  submitted  to  the  writer  by 
Mr.  E.  S.  Blatchley  of  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey.  This  pros¬ 
pect  was  made  on  the  land  of  the  Duquoin  Land  and  Farming  Com¬ 
pany  in  the  SW.  14  sec.  15,  T.  6  S.,  E.  1  W.  Most  of  the  samples  were 
taken  below  the  depth  of  800  feet,  and  they  are  all  believed  to  belong  to 
the  Pennsylvanian. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Duquoin ,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Gray  sandy  shale  or  sandstone,  micaceous,  with  some  sparse  calcareous 
material  and  some  brown  embedded  grains.  There  were  also  some  frag¬ 
ments  of  a  brownish  and  a  yellowish-gray  rock,  which  effervesced  rather 
slowly  with  acid,  and  which  probably  was  concretionary  carbonate  of  lime 
and  iron  . '. .  495 


WELL  RECORDS. 


91 


Description  of  samples  from  well  near  Duquoin — Concluded. 


Depth 
in  feet. 


Olive-colored  shale,  with  some  red  shale  and  some  concretionary  clay  iron¬ 
stone  and  small  grains  of  marcasite.  The  shale  was  of  the  finest  texture. 
One  fragment  showed  thin  laminations  of  light  and  dark  shale,  and 

another  fragment  showed  a  thin  layer  of  marcasite . 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  light  and  dark  foliations,  with  some  black 
sandstone  or  sandy  shale ;  containing  some  brown  grains  of  carbonate 

of  iron,  and  some  black  shale,  all  micaceous  and  slightly  calcareous . 

A  coarse  sandstone,  with  grains  having  crystalline  facets  due  to  secondary 
enlargement,  held  together  by  a  more  or  less  continuous  matrix  of  mar¬ 
casite.  There  was  also  some  black  micaceous  shale . 

Sandy  micaceous  shale,  thinly  laminated  with  light  and  dark  layers  from 
.16  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  thickness.  The  light  layers  were  most  sandy  and 
effervesced  slightly  with  acid  and  had  brown  embedded  grains  of  carbonate 

of  iron  and  lime  . . . 

Black  shale  in  large  fragments  and  white  limestone,  apparently  concre¬ 
tionary,  soft  but  fine  in  texture  and  showing  a  few  traces  of  fossils . 

Limestone  like  that  in  the  preceding  sample,  but  seen  to  have  a  brecciated 
structure,  with  occasional  irregular  small  pockets  of  calcite.  Also  some 

white  sandstone  . 

White  limestone,  like  the  preceding,  but  with  minute  black  specks  of  mar¬ 
casite.  Also  some  lumps  of  shale,  one  fragment  of  coal  and  some  coarse 

sand  . i . 

Some  sand,  having  grains  from  .25  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter,  some  rounded 
and  some  with  secondary  crystal  facets ;  some  coal,  some  black  shale, 

and  some  lumps  of  green  fire  clay  . 

Sand  like  the  previous  sample,  but  with  the  grains  more  frequently  facetted, 

some  black  shale,  some  green  fire  clay,  and  some  coal . 

Gray  sand  like  that  in  the  previous . 

Sand,  like  the  preceding  . 

Sand,  like  the  preceding  . 

Sand,  like  the  preceding  . . . 

Sand,  with  most  of  the  grains  from  .25  to  .16  mm.  in  diameter . 


600 


730 


800 


805 

810 


815 


820 


825 

830 

835 

840 

845 

850 

855 


29.  WELL  NO.  29,  ON  FARM  OF  K.  AND  E.  YOUNG,  PARKER  TOWNSHIP, 

CLARK  COUNTY. 

This  well  was  drilled  for  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  on  the  farm  of 

Messrs.  K.  and  E.  Young,  Parker  Township,  Clark  County.  Its  eleva¬ 
tion  is  unknown.  The  samples  obtained  from  it  begin  at  a  depth  of 

about  1,205  feet. 


Description  of  samples  from  xoell  on  the  Young  farm. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  limestone,  calcareous,  with  some  white  chert,  crinoid  stems, 
bryozoan,  and  brachiopod  fragments,  and  dark  greenish  gray  shale, 
calcareous.  Some  yellow  pyrite  noted.  There  was  also  a  %-in. 
fragment  of  black,  bituminous  shale,  with  brownish  streak,  resemb¬ 
ling  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale.  No  more  fragments  of  this  were 
noted.  It  probably  came  from  above  the  depth  where  this  sample 


was  taken  .  1,205  1,210 

Grayish  white  calcareous  limestone,  like  that  above,  with  white  chert. 

A  bituminous  film  noted  on  one  fragment .  1,210  1,215 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  less  chert .  1,215  1,220 

Dark  gray  shaly  limestone,  and  fragments  of  grayish  white  limestone. 

Some  of  the  white  limestone  shows  laminae  of  dark  bituminous 

material.  All  calcareous  .  1,220  1,225 

Grayish  white  limestone,  calcareous  .  1,225  1,240 

White  limestone  .  1,240  1,260 

Dirty  yellow  calcareous  limestone,  too  oily  to  become  easily  wet ;  with 

fragments  of  crinoid  joints  .  1,260  1,270 

Like  the  preceding,  but  less  oily  .  1,270  1,277 

Somewhat  dolomitic  limestone,  dirty  yellowish  gray,  with  some  white 

chert,  and  considerable  calcite.  Slightly  bituminous .  1,277  1,285 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,285  1,295 

Rounded  quartz  sand,  from  .5  to  .125  mm.  in  diameter,  with  some 

gray  limestone,  dolomitic  (?)  in  part  .  1,295  1,315 

Brownish  dolomitic  limestone,  slightly  bituminous .  1,315  1,325 

Yellowish  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  not  unlike  the  Galena  rock  in 

appearance  .  1,325  1,335 

Yellowish  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  1,335  1,345 

Yellowish  light  gray  dolomitic  limestone  .  1,345  1,360 

Yellowish  light  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  chert .  1,360  1,390 


92 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Young  farm — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture  .  1,390  1,415 

Yellowish  gray  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture .  1,415  1,430 

White,  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  fragments  of  chert .  1,430  1,740 

Gray,  calcareous  limestone,  yellowish  .  1,740  1,760 

Soft,  bluish  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  1,760  1,775 

Yellowish  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  1,775  1,800 

White  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture  .  1,800  1,820 

Yellow  earthy  pulverized  limestone,  with  some  white  chert .  1,820  1,840 

Mostly  white  chert,  with  yellowish  white  calcareous  limestone .  1,840  1,865 

White  calcareous  limestone  .  1,865  1,880 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone,  with  translucent  chert  of  same  color  1,880  1,890 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture .  1,890  1,900 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  . 1,900  1,910 

Some  white  and  some  dark  brown  fragments  of  calcareous  limestone 
of  waxy  lustre.  Also  faintly  greenish  and  pinkish  fragments.  This 
rock  has  some  resemblance  to  the  Fern  Glen  of  the  Kinderhook.  ...  1,910  1,935 

Brown,  yellow,  olive  green,  white  calcareous  limestone  of  waxy  lustre  1,935  1,960 

White  calcareous  limestone,  compact  .  1,960  1,985 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  .  1,985  1,995 

Pinkish  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,005  2,025 

Cream-colored  calcareous  limestone  .  2,025  2,040 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,040  2,045 

Dolomitic  limestone,  mostly  yellowish,  some  greenish  gray ;  some 
marcasite,  and  some  white  calcite.  A  part  floats.  On  heating, 

a  faint  bituminous  odor  was  noted  and  strong  sulphur  fumes .  2,045  2,050 

Limestone,  mostly  dolomitic,  some  black,  some  gray,  some  greenish ; 

with  marcasite  fragments.  Dolomitic  crystals  clearly  seen,  yellowish  2,050  2,060 
A  black  dolomitic  rock,  as  hard  as  limestone,  no  sand  noted.  The 
rock  is  studded  with  fine  grains  of  marcasite,  making  a  quarter 

of  some  fragments  .  2,060  2,080 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  somewhat  dark  .  2,080  2,095 

Yellowish  dolomitic  limestone  .  2,095  2,120 

Gray  limestone,  some  dolomitic,  some  calcareous.  With  this  is  some 

quartz  sand  and  some  dark' shale,  greenish  .  2,120  2,130 

Gray  limestone,  slightly  dolomitic,  with  some  greenish  shaly  frag¬ 
ments,  and  some  gray  chert  .  2,130  2,150 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,150  2,160 

Gray  limestone,  effervescing  a  little  tardily  for  a  calcareous  rock, 
with  some  fragments  of  grayish  white,  rapidly  effervescing,  lime¬ 
stone.  Many  of  the  dark  limestone  fragments  appear  shaly  and 

contain  angular  black  fragments  imbedded  .  2,160  2,170 

Limestone,  calcareous,  dark  gray,  faintly  shaly,  and  with  rare  frag¬ 
ments  of  brachiopods,  also  some  marcasite.  Some  slate-like  calcite 

crystals  .  2,170  2,299 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  light  gray  limestone .  2,299  2,303 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,303  2,307 

Calcareous  limestone,  yellowish  light  gray,  with  some  calcite .  2,307  2,311 

Some  light  gray,  some  medium  gray  calcareous  limestone,  made  up 

largely  of  organic  fragments.  A  fragment  of  a  brachiopod  noted.  .  2,311  2,327 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,327  2,351 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,351.  2,355 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,355  2,395 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,395  2,400 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,400  2,405 

Gray,  calcareous,  organic  limestone  with  some  quartz  grains .  2,405  2,410 

Light  gray,  calcareous,  organic  limestone  with  frequent  grains  of 

clear  calcite  .  2,410  2,415 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  frequent  calcite  crystals .  2,415  2,420 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,420  2,426 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,426  2,475 

Dove-colored  calcareous  limestone  of  lithographic  texture.  Occasionally 

bituminous  films  were  noted.  Fragments,  thin .  2,475  2,505 

Like  the  preceding  in  part,  in  part  light  gray  calcareous  limestone...  2,505  2,555 

Dove-colored  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  chips  of  a  white 
calcareous  limestone,  and  with  some  black  fragments  of  calcareous 

limestone  .  2,555  2,585 

Calcareous  limestone,  medium  gray.  Brachiopods  and  bryozoa  noted.  .  2,585  2,600 

Dark  dove-colored  and  gray  calcareous  limestone  of  lithographic 

texture.  Brachiopods  noted,  finely  striated  valves .  2,600  2,670 

Calcareous  hard  limestone,  some  dark  dove-colored,  lithographic  in 
texture,  with  embedded  small  grains  of  sand,  some  light  gray,  soft 
calcareous  limestone  with  embedded  grains  of  calcareous  material. 

Clear  calcite  quite  frequent.  Some  fragments  consist  of  a  light 
gray  calcareous  matrix,  in  which  some  black  angular  particles  are 

embedded  .  2,670  2,700 

Dark  gray,  calcareous  limestone  of  fipe  texture.  Brachiopods  noted..  2,700  2,755 

Medium  gray  limestone,  calcareous,  compact  in  texture,  with  clear 
calcite  in  scattering  minute  crevices,  frequently  running  across  the 
lamination.  Splitting  in  thin  fragments,  indicating  pronounced  lami¬ 
nation  .  2,755  2,770 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


93 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Young  farm — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Like  the  previous.  Some  fragments  consist  of  black  limestone  layers  ; 
pyritiferous,  showing  some  indistinct  organic  structure  (bryozoa? 

or  Stroviatoporci ?)  . 

Dark  gray  limestone  of  fine  texture . 

Gray  limestone,  in  part  like  the  preceding  sample,  in  part  dolomitic 

limestone  . 

Like  the  preceding.  Some  fragments  of  calcareous  limestone  were 
seen  to  have  thin  bituminous  seams,  black . 


2,770  2,785 
2,785  2,830 

2,830  2,850 

2,850  2,918 


A  fragment  of  a  shale,  believed  to  be  the  Sweetland  Creek  shale,  was 
noted  with  the  limestone  from  1,205  to  1,210  feet.  It  is  hence  believed 
that  this  formation  lies  somewhere  close  above  this  depth.  Correlating 
this  shale  with  the  shale  at  1,600  to  1,690  in  the  Lula  Shover  well  record 
next  presented,  we  note  at  coinciding  levels  four  other  features  which  are 
evidently  also  to  be  correlated  in  these  two  wells,  viz : 


Depth  in 
Young  well. 
Feet. 


Depth  in 
Shover  well. 
Feet. 


A  thin  sandstone  .  1,300  1,825 

Pinkish  colored  limestone  .  1,940  2,500 

Black  particles  and  spicules .  2,070  2,650 

Black  fragments  and  shreds  of  vegetation  (black)  2,170  2,750 

A  correspondence  in  cherty  beds  is  also  to  be  noted.  The  beds 
from  1,205  to  1,700  feet  in  depth  are  believed  to  be  Devonian.  Below 
this  the  identification  of  the  formations  seems  more  doubtful. 


30.  WELL  NO.  1,  ON  EAEM  OF  LULA  SHOVEE,  IN  CASEY  TOWNSHIP, 

CLAEK  COUNTY. 

Well  No.  1  on  the  Lula  Shover  farm  was  drilled  for  the  Ohio  Oil 
Company  in  the  NW.  %  SE.  14  sec.  1,  T.  10  N.,  B.  14  W.,  in  Casey 
Township,  Clark  County.  Its  elevation  is  estimated  to  be  600  feet  above 
sea  level.  The  samples  of  the  drillings  submitted  to  the  writer  are  as 
stated  in  the  following  table : 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1  on  the  Lula  Shover  farm. 


Gray  shale  of  fine  texture  . 

Gray  sandstone,  some  moderately  coarse  in  texture  and  some  of 

fine  texture  . 

Gray  and  dark  gray  shale  . 

Grayish  white  fine-grained  limestone,  calcareous,  showing  no  frag¬ 
ments  of  fossils,  Mississippian  . 

Gray  limestone,  of  very  fine  fragmental  texture  . 

Gray  limestone,  with  impregnated  specks  of  green  in  streaks.  A 

few  fragments,  porous.  Chert  noted  . 

Gray  oolitic  limestone  . 

Gray  limestone,  showing  some  fragments  of  clear  quartz  (cry¬ 
stals?)  . 

Gray  limestone,  of  fine  texture  . 

Gray  limestone  with  scattered  embedded  dark  grains  . 

Gray  limestone,  with  minute  bivalves,  crinoid  stems,  and  other 

fossil  fragments  . . 

Gray  limestone,  with  crinoid  fragments,  bryozoa,  and  Endothyra 

bayleyi  . 

Gray  limestone,  oolitic,  with  fragments  having  thin  incrusta¬ 
tions  of  calcareous  material.  The  texture  of  the  rock  resembles 
that  of  the  Bedford  limestone  . . . 


Depth  in  feet. 


From. 

To 

350 

550 

550 

560 

560 

597 

597 

697 

697 

750 

750 

780 

780 

800 

800 

815 

815 

820 

820 

840 

840 

850 

850 

865 

865 

920 

94 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

•  From.  To. 

Brownish  gray  limestone,  showing  many  dark  specks  and  occa¬ 
sional  green  specks  .  970  1,020 

White  and  gray  organic  limestone,  with  white  chert  and  dark 

gray  shale  .  1,020  1,060 

Gray  organic  limestone  .  1,060  1,090 

Dark  gray  organic  limestone  .  1,090  1,100 

Dark  gray  organic  limestone  .  1,100  1,120 

Dark  gray  organic  shaly  limestone  . .  1,120  1,155 

Gray  calcareous  stony  shale  or  shaly  limestone  . .  1,155  1,195 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,195  1,270 

Gray  calcareous  stony  shale  .  1,270  1,340 

Crinoidal  limestone,  gray  .  1,340  1,360 

Dark,  calcareous  stony  shale,  with  scattered  minute  black  specks  1,360  1,400 

Dark  gray,  calcareous,  stony  shale,  micaceous  and  having  some 

fine  sand  embedded  (2  samples)  .  1,400  1,440 

Dark  gray  stony  shale  which  does  not  effervesce  with  acid  and 
which  shows  slender  branching  and  curving  fucoid-like  flat 

cavities  impregnated  with  marcasite  (2  samples) .  1,440  1,460 

Dark  gray  fine-grained  shale,  with  some  marcasite .  1,460  1,480 

Greenish  gray  sandstone,  of  fine  texture,  and  effervescing  slightly 

in  acid  .  1,480  1,500 

Greenish  gray  fine-grained  sandstone  .  1,500  1,550 

Dark  gray,  stony  and  calcareous  shale,  or  shaly  limestone .  1,550  1,565 

Green  fine-grained  shale,  showing  some  dark  blotchy,  streaky, 

layers  .  1,560  1,580 

Yellowish  gray  limestone  of  compact  texture .  1,580  1,600 

Black,  highly  bituminous  shale  of  fine  texture,  with  Sporangites 

huronense.  Burns  with  a  flame  when  ignited .  1,600  1,690 

Gray  and  white  limestone,  calcareous,  with  many  organic  frag¬ 
ments  and  with  some  calcite  .  1,690  1,714 

Grayish  white,  organic  fragmental  limestone  .  1,714  1,730 

Grayish  white  organic  limestone,  hard,  with  calcite  .  1,730  1,760 

Grayish  white  organic  limestone,  hard,  with  clear  calcite .  1,760  1,770 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,770  1,785 

Yellowish  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  white  chert  and 

some  fragments  of  calcareous  limestone .  1,785  1,800 

Yellowish  dolomitic  limestone,  with  some  impure  chert .  1,800  1,820 

Quartz  sand,  moderately  fine  in  texture,  cream  white .  1,820  1,830 

Yellow  dolomitic  limestone  .  1,830  1,850 

Brown  dolomitic  limestone  .  1,850  1,900 

White  dolomitic  limestone,  containing  grains  of  glauconite,  and 

occasional  fragments  of  chert  and  grains  of  pyrite .  1,900  1,940 

Grayish  white  dolomitic  limestone,  with  considerable  white  chert, 

some  glauconite  and  occasional  embedded  grains  of  pyrite .  1,940  1,950 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,950  2,000 

White  dolomitic  limestone  with  some  chert  .  2,000  2,020 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  .  2,020  2,050 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,050  2,150 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  with  gray  chert  .  2,150  2,200 

White  calcareous  limestone  of  fine  texture  and  waxy  lustre .  2,200  2,220 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,220  2,250 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,250  2,275 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  containing  a  few  small  grains  of  sand  2,275  2,285 

Dark  gray  dolomitic  limestone,  showing  thin  lamination,  some¬ 
what  irregular  .  2,285  2,295 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  of  somewhat  fine  texture .  2,295  2,300 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,300  2,320 

White  and  light  gray  calcareous  limestone .  2,320  2,325 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  with  some  light  gray  limestone  having 

green  glauconite  grains  .  2,320  2,330 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  waxy  lustre  .  2,330  2,335 

Light  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  waxy  lustre.  Crinoid  stem 

noted  .  2,335  2,380 

Compact  white  and  pure  calcareous  limestone  with  much  white 

chert  .  2,380  2,400 

White  fine-grained  limestone,  calcareous  .  2,400  2,450 

Gray  and  white  calcareous  limestone  off  fine  texture .  2,450  2,355 

Pinkish  brown  calcareous  limestone  containing  occasional  crinoid 

stems  .  2,455  2,500 

Pink,  gray  and  white  calcareous  limestone  with  waxy  lustre....  2,500  2,505 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,505  2,510 

Gray  and  white  calcareous  limestone.  In  one  fragment  was  noted 
an  embedded,  minute,  almost  spherical  crinoid  joint  of  pink 
color.  Several  other  obscure  cases  of  the  same  kind  were  noted 

in  this  and  in  the  preceding  sample  .  2,510  2,545 

Pinkish  white  calcareous  limestone ;  the  pink  color  is  due  to 

imbedded  organic  fragments,  which  are  yellow  and  red .  2,545  2,565 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,565  2,570 

White  calcareous  sandstone,  containing  a  few  embedded  pink 

grains  .  2,570  2,600 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone,  slightly  impregnated  with  pyrite .  2,600  2,610 


WELL  RECORDS. 


95 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  1 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Bluish  gray  rock,  consisting  of  fine  sand  in  a  dolomitic  and 

clayey  matrix  .  2,610  2,615 

Dark  gray  rock,  like  the  preceding  in  composition  .  2,615  2,630 

Dark  gray  dolomitic  sandy  rock.  The  embedded  sand  is  very 

fine  .  2,630  2,640 

Gray  limestone,  with  some  fragments  of  white  limestone.  The 
gray  limestone  contains  numerous  minute,  broken  black  spicules. 

Several  bryozoa  noted  and  also  fragments  of  brachiopods .  2,640  2,650 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  containing  numerous  black  minute 

specks  .  2,650  2,655 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  and  chert.  The  chert  is  dotted  with 

black  minute  specks  .  2,655  2,660 

Calcareous  organic  limestone,  some  fragments  being  gray,  some 

dark  gray.  With  this  is  some  white  and  some  gray  chert .  2,660  2,695 

White  limestone,  with  much  opaque  calcite crinoid  fragments 

and  some  quartz  crystals  and  pyrite  .  2,695  2,700 

Gray  organic  fragmental  limestone  .  2,700  2,705 

Light  gray,  dark  gray,  and  yellowish  gray  calcareous  limestone 
with  some  chert.  Minute  black  specks  were  noted  in  both  the 

limestone  and  in  the  chert  .  2,705  2,710 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,710  2,715 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,715  2,720 

Dark  gray,  fine-grained  calcareous  limestone,  with  minute  black 

specks  .  2,720  2,725 

Dark  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  some  chert  .  2,725  2,730 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,730  2,735 

Very  dark  gray  and  black  limestone,  calcareous .  2,735  2,740 

Black  and  gray  calcareous  limestone.  Some  of  the  black  lime¬ 
stone  was  seen  to  consist  of  a  matrix  containing  small  angular, 

calcareous  fragments,  occasionally  fractured  .  2,740  2,750 

Mostly  a  black  shaly,  limestone,  in  which  appear  some  black 
shreds  of  vegetation.  With  this  is  gray  limestone.  All  is 

calcareous  .  2,750  2,760 

Black  shaly  limestone,  calcareous,  with  black  shreds  as  above...  2,760  2,780 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,780  2,790 

Like  the  preceding  . . .  2,790  2,800 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,800  2,825 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,825  2,829% 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,829%  2,834 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,834  2,838% 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,838%  2,843 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,843  2,853 

Black  shaly  limestone  and  gray  calcareous  limestone  .  2,853  2,857 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  fragmental.  Bituminous  films  noted 

in  minute  crevices  of  some  fragments  .  2,857  2,862 

Gray,  organic  fragmental,  calcareous  limestone  .  2,862  2,866% 

Gray,  organic  fragmental,  calcareous  limestone.  Finely  ribbed 

pieces  of  brachiopods  noted  .  2,866%  2,871 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,871  2,876 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,876  2,881 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,881  2,886 

Gray  organic  fragmental  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  calcite.  2,886  2,890 

Cream-colored,  semi-crystalline  granular  calcareous  limestone.  .  .  2,890  2,903 

Gray,  granular,  partly  crystalline  calcareous  limestone.  Organic 

fragments  present  .  2,891  2,898 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,903  2,908 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,908  2,912% 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,912  %  2,917 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,917  2,922 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,922  2,925 % 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,926%  2,931 

Like  the  preceding  . .  2,931  2,936 

Light  gray  granular,  partly  crystalline  calcareous  limestone,  with 

organic  fragments  .  2,936  2,941 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,941  2,946 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,946  2,958 

Like  the  preceding  .  2,956  2,966 

Gray,  organic,  fragmental  calcareous  limestone,  with  granular 
texture  and  occasionally  clear  calcite.  Several  fragments  of 
a  Favosites?  noted,  with  polyp  tubes  very  small;  also  some 

fragments  of  brachiopods  .  2,966  2,971 

Gray  organic  fragmental  calcareous  limestone,  with  granular 

structure  .  .. .  2,971  2,976 

Like  the  preceding,  with  many  bryozoa  .  2,976  2,983 

Yellowish  gray  organic  fragmental  calcareous  limestone  .  2,983  2,992 

Like  the  preceding,  gray  in  color  .  2,992  3,000 

Like  the  preceding  .  3,000  3,005 

Like  the  preceding  .  3,005  3,014 

Gray,  organic,  fragmental  limestone  of  the  same  general  type  as 

from  the  samples  below  2,857  feet  .  3,014  3,017 


96 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


The  limestone  in  the  last  100  feet  commonly  consists  of  calcareous 
fragments  some  .25  mm.  in  diameter,  which  are  of  different  shades,  vary¬ 
ing  from  dark  gray  to  white,  so  as  to  appear  in  distinct  outline  in  the 
generally  light  matrix. 

The  formation  represented  in  the  samples  above  a  depth  of  597 
feet  is  the  “Coal  Measures.”  The  Bedford  oolitic  rock  lies  between  850 
and  920  feet  below  the  surface.  The  Osage,  or  Burlington,  was  noted 
between  1,000  and  1,100.  The  Sweetland  Creek  shale  lies  between  1,550 
and  1,690  feet.  The  cherty  limestones  lying  between  1,785  and  2,200 
are  no  doubt  Devonian.  Below  this  the  correct  correlation  of  the  strata 
is  doubtful.  The  occurrence  of  a  Favosites  (?)  or  a  Monticulipora 
from  2,966  to  2,971  feet  suggests  that  this  layer  may  be  in  the  Trenton. 
The  shaly  limestone  lying  between  2,740  and  2,850  feet,  and  containing 
some  shreds  of  vegetation  may  be  the  equivalent  of  the  Cincinnatian. 

31.  WELL  NO.  4,  ON  FARM  OF  C.  E.  SILER,  HONEY  CREEK  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

Another  well  operated  by  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  is  located  on  the 
farm  of  Mr.  C.  E.  Siler,  in  sec.  5,  of  Honey  Creek  Township,  Crawford 
County.  The  elevation  of  its  curb  is  estimated  to  be  495  feet  above 
sea  level. 

Description  of  samples  from  the  Siler  well  No.  4. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 


Loess  or  yellow  loam  .  1  5 

Gravel  and  sand  .  5  1U 

Sand  and  gravel  .  10  15 

Sand  and  gravel,  washed  from  boulder  clay  .  15  20 

Boulder  clay  . 20  25 

Boulder  clay  .  25  30 

Boulder  clay  .  30  35 

Boulder  clay  .  35  40 

Limestone,  with  embedded  crinoid  stem,  a  small  Spirifer  cameratus, 

a  small  gastropod,  and  a  piece  of  a  plant  stem.  Some  roofing  shale  40  45 

Shale,  greenish-gray,  micaceous  .  45  50 

Gray  shale  .  50  55 

Fine-grained  micaceous  sandstone  with  a  calcareous  matrix .  55  62 

Arenaceous,  gray  shale  .  62  68 

Micaceous,  gray  shale  . 68  74 

Micaceous,  dark  gray  shale  . '.  .  .  74  80 

Micaceous  sandstone,  with  fragments  of  concretions  of  siderite ....;. .  80  86 

Sandstone,  gray  micaceous,  calcareous  and  shaly,  with  many  fragments 

of  yellowish  shells  .  86  92 

Gray  shale  and  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  with  a  small  Myalina,  and 

many  fragments  of  shells.  Some  coal  noted .  92  98 

Some  limestone,  but  mostly  shale.  The  shale  is  dark  gray  micaceous 
and  marly.  It  has  many  minute,  apparently  concretionary  yellow 
grains,  of  siderite.  These  appear  like  coarser  grains  in  a  fine  tex¬ 


tured  matrix.  The  limestone  is  dark  with  embedded  flat  fragments 
of  Myalina  shells,  and  one  piece  was  seen  with  embedded  deeply 
marked  tubules,  believed  to  be  irregularly  curving  forms  of  Ammo- 


discus,  measuring  from  .1  mm.  to  .15  mm.  in  diameter .  98  103 

Micaceous  sandstone  or  sandy  shale,  with  some  brownish  limestone...  103  109 

Micaceous,  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  almost  a  shale .  109  114 

Micaceous  sandstone  and  some  green  grains,  and  with  calcareous  and 

with  some  brown  calcareous  coaly  fragments  .  114  119 

Fine  grained  sand,  micaceous,  and  with  browrn  and  green  grains,  as 

above  .  119  124 

Like  the  preceding  .  124  129 

Like  the  preceding  .  129  13  3 

Like  the  preceding  .  183  139 


WELL  RECORDS. 


97 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Siler  well  No.  4 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  occasional  carbonaceous  fragments .  139  145 

Gray,  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  dark  and  some  green  grains, 

and  some  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material  .  145  150 

Black  fissile  shale  (“Miner’s  slate”)  with  pyritized  fossil  shells,  one 

probably  an  Aviculopecten ;  another  like  a  minute  Myalina .  150  155 

Some  shaly  fire  clay  and  a  little  coal,  but  chiefly  gray  micaceous 
shale,  with  minute  concretions  of  siderite  of  the  size  of  small  sand 

grains  .  155  160 

Gray,  micaceous,  shaly  sand.  One  large  fragment  showing  lines 

believed  to  be  ripple  marks . 160  165 

Gray,  slightly  micaceous  shale  with  very  thin  calcareous  laminae .  165  170 

Gray,  slightly  micaceous  shale  with  a  brownish  minute  disc-shaped 

spiral  fossil,  probably  an  Ammodiscus  .  170  175 

Gray  shale,  faintly  micaceous  .  175  180 

Black  fissile  shale,  with  a  very  fine  rectangular  reticulation  seen  on  a 

cleavage  plane.  Some  fragments  of  coal  .  180  185 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay  and  shale,  with  fragments  of  dark  concretionary 

limestone  .  185  190 

Fine  grained  micaceous  sandstone  or  shale,  with  yellow  specks  of 

concretionary  siderite  .  100  195 

Like  the  preceding  .  195  200 

Gray,  dark,  and  compact  concretionary  siderite  in  large  fragments....  200  205 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  Ammodiscus  (?)  .  205  210 

Mostly  dark  concretionary  siderite  in  large  fragments,  with  some  dark 

stony  shale  .  210  215 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  215  220 

Dark  shale,  slightly  micaceous,  with  Ammodiscus  (?)  and  minute 

shreds  of  other  fossils  .  220  225 

Dark  micaceous  shale,  slightly  calcareous  .  225  23  0 

Like  the  preceding,  with  minute  shreds  of  vegetation .  230  235 

Like  the  preceding  .  235  240 

Dark  micaceous  shale,  like  that  in  the  preceding  sample,  with 

Ammodiscus  (?)  and  a  small  ostracod  . 240  245 

Dark  micaceous  shale,  with  impressions  of  fern  leaves,  a  spiral 
Ammodiscus  (?)  and  one  tube  of  an  Ammodiscus  (?)  only  slightly 
curving.  Some  keeled  impressions  were  noted  on  one  fragment,  and 

joints  and  spines  of  crinoids  were  also  seen  .  245  250 

Dark  gray  shale  .  250  255 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  255  260 

Gray  sandy  shale,  or  shaly  sandstone,  showing  some  dark  grains 

under  the  lens  .  260  265 

Shale,  greenish  gray,  sandy  and  micaceous .  265  270 

Greenish  gray,  micaceous  sandstone  and  red  clay  marl .  270  275 

Greenish  gray  sandy  shale  .  275  280 

Comparatively  coarse  sandstone,  with  some  green  and  some  pink 
grains.  Also  some  lumps  of  fire  clay,  which  contain  small  spherical 
nodules  of  black  oxide  of  manganese  from  .25  mm.  to  .33  mm.  in 
diameter.  Some  of  these  concretions  are  grown  together  in  groups 

of  two  and  three  .  280  285 

Comparatively  coarse  sandstone,  with  some  interlaminated  shale .  285  290 

Mostly  sandstone,  gray  and  of  fine  texture,  with  some  shale .  290  296 

Micaceous  gray  shale  .  302  308 

Sandy  gray  shale  or  shaly  sandstone  .  296  302 

Dark  gray  shale,  not  micaceous  .  308  314 

Dark  gray  shale,  not  micaceous  .  314  320 

Very  dark  shale,  carbonaceous  and  sandy.  Most  of  it  is  finely  lami¬ 
nated  and  shows  shreds  of  vegetation .  320  326 

Like  the  preceding  .  326  332 

Like  the  preceding  .  332  338 

Shaly  sandstone  or  shale,  thinly  laminated,  containing  brownish  yellow 
grains  (concretionary?)  larger  than  the  grains  of  the  rock  and 

also  some  still  larger  black  grains .  338  344 

Like  the  preceding  .  344  350 

Like  the  preceding,  with  the  brown  grains  least  abundant  in  the 

layers  of  the  finest  texture,  which  are  carbonaceous .  350  356 

Sandstone,  with  interlaminated  carbonaceous  streaks  showing  vege¬ 
table  tissue  .  356  362 

Coal,  shale,  and  sandstone  .  362  368 

Mostly  fire  clay  .  368  374 

Mostly  concretionary  material,  carbonate  of  lime  and  iron  and  some 

shale  .  374  380 

Concretionary  limestone  and  siderite,  in  shale  . 380  387 

Light  gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale  .  387  394 

Micaceous  and  sandy  gray  shale  .  394  401 

Micaceous  sandstone  and  gray  shale  .  401  407 

Dark  gray  shale  .  407  413 

Dark  gray  limestone,  consisting  of  organic  fragments.  Some  black 
shale  and  coal.  The  limestone  contains  Chonetes  mesolobus  (?) , 
crinoid  stems  and  a  gastropod  ( Bellerophon  carbonaria  ?)  .  413  419 

—7  G 


98 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Silver  well  No.  4 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Fire  clay,  gray  and  black  shale  and  coal .  419  426 

Gray  shale  .  426  432 

Gray  fine-grained  sandstone  . '. .  432  438 

Gray  shale,  arenaceous,  and  micaceous  .  438  444 

Like  the  preceding  .  444  450 

Shaly  sandstone,  micaceous,  and  with  rusty  specks .  450  456 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  and  sandy  .  456  462 

Dark  gray  shale,  micaceous  and  sandy  .  462  468 

Like  the  above,  but  darker  .  468  474 

Like  the  preceding  .  474  480 

Almost  black  dolomitic  limestone,  uniform  in  texture,  emitting  sulphur¬ 
ous  odors  when  heated  and  becoming  slightly  magnetic  before  the 
blowpipe,  containing  joints  of  crinoid  stems.  Chonetes  mesolobus (?) 

Rhombopora  lepidodendroides(?) ,  fragments  of  brachiopod  shells, 
and  Fusilina  of  the  kind  occurring  in  the  limestone  above  coal  No.  6  480  486 

Black,  fissile  shale,  and  some  coal,  with  limestone  like  that  in  samples 

from  480  to  486  feet  .  486  492 

Gray,  sandy  shale  and  some  dark  shale  .  492  498 

Gray,  slightly  sandy  shale  .  498  504 

Soft  gray  micaceous  shale  .  504  510 

Gray  shale,  soft  and  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  large  and  thin 

fragments  of  black  dolomitic  limestone  .  516  522 

Gray  sandstone,  with  some  limestone  like  that  in  the  preceding  sample  522  528 

Dark  gray  highly  micaceous  shale,  with  scales  of  biotite  and  on 
fresh  fractures  having  an  appearance  like  that  of  some  Archaean 

schists  .  528  534 

Gray  sandstone  and  sandy  micaceous  shale,  with  some  dark  shale, 

and  fragments  of  coal  .  534  540 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale,  micaceous,  with  some  fire  clay .  540  546 

Dark  shale  of  fine  clayey  texture  .  546  552 

Dark  erray  shale,  micaceous  and  stony  .  552  558 

Like  the  preceding  .  558  564 

Dark  gray  shale,  of  clayey  texture  .  564  570 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  narrow  fucoid  bands  in  some  cleavage  planes.  .  570  576 

Black,  fissile  shale  .  576  582 

Black,  fissile  shale  . . .  582  588 

Mostly  light  gray  sandstone,  some  gray  shale,  with  fragments  of  coal 

and  limestone  .  588  594 

Mostly  light  gray  sandstone  with  some  dark  shale .  594  600 

Dark,  micaceous,  shaly  sandstone  .  600  606 

Dark,  micaceous,  sandy  shale  .  606  612 

Dark,  almost  black  shale  .  612  618 

Dark,  almost  black,  shale,  with  fragments  of  concretions  of  siderite..  618.  624 

Gray  shale,  of  clayey  texture  .  624  630 

Like  the  preceding  sample  . . .  630  636 

Gray  shale,  with  some  little  mica  .  636  642 

Like  the  preceding  sample,  but  slightly  coarser  and  with  a  little 

more  mica  .  642  648 

Black  shale,  of  fine  texture,  but  with  some  mica,  and  with  earthy 

lustre  .  648  654 

Black  shale,  much  pyrite  and  some  coal.  The  shale  has  embedded 
calcareous  fossils  among  which  a  piece  of  a  lamellibranch  valve 
and  a  Bellerophon  were  noted,  and  also  impressions  of  an  insect 
wing.  In  the  fragments  of  pyrite  was  seen  a  Nucula,  a  Bellerophon 
carbonaria  (?)  in  part  filled  by  zinc  blende,  and  a  fragment  of  a 

brachiopod.  In  the  coal  some  woody  tissue  was  noted .  654  660 

Light  gray  sandy  fire  clay  filled  with  small  crystals  of  pyrite .  660  666 

Dark  gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale  .  666  672 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture,  with  pyrite  and  coal .  672  678 

Black,  fissile  shale  and  finely  laminated  coal  with  brown  streak. 

Woody  fibre  seen  in  some  pyrite .  678  674 

Shaly  fire  clay,  light  gray  and  stony  .  684  690 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  690  696 

Sandstone,  somewhat  coarse,  laminated,  in  alternate  layers  of  white 

and  carbonaceous  black  material;  some  layers  micaceous .  696  702 

Like  the  preceding  .  702  708 

Dark  gray  shale,  stony,  sandy  and  micaceous .  708  714 

Gray  shale,  stony,  sandy  and  micaceous .  714  720 

Dark  shale,  with  some  laminated  coal  and  some  fire  clay .  720  726 

Gray  sandstone,  shaly  and  micaceous  . • .  726  732 

Soft  gray  shale  .  732  738. 

Some  gray  shale,  and  some  dark  micaceous  shale  with  concretionary 

siderite  .  738  744 

Almost  black,  fissile  shale,  with  concretionary  siderite .  744  750 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  750  756 

Dark  gray  shale,  arenaceous  and  micaceous  .  756  762 

Laminated,  gray  sandstone,  micaceous,  alternate  layers  black  and 
carbonaceous.  The  black  layers  are  very  thin,  the  light  layers  in 

several  cases  measuring  .1  mm.  in  thickness .  762  768 

Coarse  micaceous  sandstone,  laminated  with  alternate  layers  of  dark 

carbonaceous  shale  .  768  774 


WELL  RECORDS. 


99 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Siler  toell  No.  4 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Like  the  preceding  .  774  780 

Like  the  preceding  .  780  786 

Like  the  preceding  sandstone,  coarser  and  softer .  786  792 

Like  the  preceding  .  792  798 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  lighter  shale  .  798  804 

Almost  black  shale,  fine  in  texture  .  804  810 

Like  the  preceding  .  810  817 

Light  gray,  sandy  shale,  slightly  micaceous  .  817  824 

Light  gray,  sandy  shale  .  824  830 

Dark  gray  and  light  gray  shale  of  fine  texture .  830  836 

Gray  sandstone,  of  very  fine  texture .  836  842 

Like  the  preceding  .  842  848 

Dark  bluish  gray  shale,  of  very  fine  texture,  with  concretionary 

siderite  .  848  854 

Almost  black  shale,  very  fine  in  texture . '  854  860 

Coarse  sandstone  . 860  866 

Almost  black  shale,  fine  in  texture .  866  872 

Like  the  preceding  .  872  878 

Almost  black  shale,  with  biotite  .  878  884 

Black  shale,  fine  textured  .  884  890 

Like  the  preceding  .  890  896 

Like  the  preceding  .  896  902 

Gray  sandstone,  fine  grained  .  902  908 

Gray  sandstone  .  908  914 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture,  with  concretions  of  carbonate  of  iron....  914  920 

Like  the  preceding  . 920  926 

Like  the  preceding . .  926  932 

Like  the  preceding  .  932  938 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone,  with  some  large  and  thin  chips  of  coal.  .  .  .  938  944 

Gray  soft  sandstone  and  shale.  The  rock  in  this  and  the  preceding 
sample  appears  to  be  a  mixture  of  alternating  layers  of  shale  and 

sandstone  . 944  950 

Gray  soft  sand,  only  a  single  fragment  of  loosely  coherent  rock 
remaining  in  the  sample.  Size  of  grains  is  about  .25  mm.  in 

diameter.  Apparently  oil-sand;  the  grains  float  in  water .  950  955 

Gray  sand,  with  grains  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  largest  grains  all  have  crystalline  facets  resulting  from 

secondary  growth.  Sand  floats  on  water .  955  959 

Sand  like  the  preceding,  but  faintly  brownish  yellow .  959  963 

Sand  like  that  in  the  three  preceding  samples,  except  that  it  is  more 

nearly  white  in  color .  963  967 


Two  specimens  of  a  Fusulina  were  found  in  the  limestone  lying 
between  the  depths  480  to  486  feet.  This,  no  doubt,  is  the  limestone 
which  forms  the  cap  rock  over  coal  No.  6.  The  rock  itself  has  been 
altered  to  a  dark  dolomite,  effervescing  very  slowly  in  acid.  It  has  a 
dark  gray  color,  which  is  due  to  the  presence  of  pyrite  in  microscopic 
particles.  On  heating  in  a  closed  tube  it  gives  off  sulphurous  odors  and 
becomes  slightly  magnetic. 

The  entire  section  represented  by  the  samples  consists  of  variations 
of  shales,  sandstones,  limestones,  coals,  and  fire  clays,  with  calcareous 
concretionary  matter,  and  more  frequently  concretions  of  siderite.  All 
the  strata  have  the  general  appearance  characteristic  of  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vanian  series  in  this  region.  About  a  dozen  coal  beds  were  penetrated. 
These  occur  in  three  groups,  not  counting  an  evidently  thin  bed  of  some¬ 
what  shaly  coal,  which  lies  at  a  depth  of  904  feet  below  the  surface 
and  only  a  few  feet  above  the  oil  sand.  The  lowest  of  these  groups, 
which  presumably  includes  equivalents  of  coals  No.  1  and  No.  2  in 
northern  Illinois,  is  represented  by  three  seams  at  depths  of  720,  678, 
and  660  feet.  The  middle  group,  which  includes  coal  No.  6  is  repre¬ 
sented  by  one  coal  at  540  feet,  by  coal  No.  6  at  the  depth  of  485  feet, 


100 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


another  coal  overlain  by  limestone,  at  420  feet,  and  a  coal  overlain  by 
sandstone  at  365  feet.  The  coal  beds  of  the  Upper  “Coal  Measures”  of 
Worthen  are  represented  by  an  apparently  small  seam  of  coal  at  a  depth 
of  185  feet,  one  small  coal  associated  with  a  capping  calcareous  rock  at 
the  depth  of  95  feet,  and  a  black  shale  under  a  limestone  at  the  very 
surface  of  the  bed  rock  below  the  drift,  fifty  feet  from  the  surface.  The 
spiral  shell  of  an  Ammodiscus  was  observed  in  cleavage  surfaces  of  some 
shales  in  the  Upper  “Coal  Measures,”  and  presumably  the  sam6  fossil, 
in  the  form  of  irregularly  curved  tubes  occurred  in  some  limestone  at  the 
depth  of  100  feet.  The  lower  200  feet  in  the  section  is  probably  a  part 
of  the  Pottsville. 


32.  WELL  NO.  23,  ON  FARM  OF  JAS.  M.  DRAKE,  OBLONG  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

Another  well  belonging  to  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  was  put  down 
on  Mr.  James  M.  Drake’s  farm  in  the  NE.  *4  sec.  9,  T.  7  N.,  R.  13  W., 
in  Oblong  Township,  Crawford  County,  at  an  estimated  elevation  of  490 
feet  above  sea  level.  Its  entire  section  is  probably  in  Pennsylvanian. 
The  last  70  feet  may  be  Pottsville.  Fusulina  was  found  in  the  sample 
from  530  to  535  feet,  with  coal  No.  6,  immediately  below  this. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Drake  farm,  Oblong  Township, 

Crawford  County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Gray  limestone,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  bits  of  shale .  200  205 

White  and  yellow  limestone,  concretionary  siderite,  and  some  gray 

sandstone  .  205  210 

Yellow  and  white  limestone,  gray  sandstone,  concretionary  siderite 

and  some  dark  shale  .  210  215 

Gray  sandstone,  some  yellow  sandstone,  siderite,  yellow  limestone,  and 

a  few  pieces  Of  bright  green  sandstone .  215  220 

Yellow  limestone,  some  siderite,  shale  and  sondstone,  and  red  quartz 

from  the  drift  .  220  225 

White  and  yellow  limestone  and  a  few  pieces  of  dark  shale .  225  230 

White  limestone  .  230  250 

Very  fine  micaceous  white  sand  and  limestone  .  250  270 

Dark  gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  270  275 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  275  285 

Black  shale  and  gray  sandstone  with  a  little  limestone .  285  290 

Dark  limestone,  some  yellow  limestone  and  bits  of  coal .  290  295 

Black  shale,  a  little  yellow  limestone  and  a  few  fragments  of  coal...  295  300 

Gray  shale,  some  yellow  limestone  and  coal .  300  305 

Gray  shale  and  some  yellow  limestone  .  305  310 

Gray  shale  .  310  315 

Gray  shale  and  some  yellow  limestone  .  315  320 

Gray  shale  .  320  330 

Gray  shale  and  a  little  yellow  limestone  .  330  335 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  micaceous  sandy  shale .  335  340 

Gray  shale  .  340  350 

Concretionary  siderite  with  a  little  yellow  limestone  and  shale.  A 

Cyathophyllid  coral  noted  .  350  355 

Gray  shale  and  a  little  yellow  limestone  .  355  360 

Gray  shale,  yellow  limestone  and  some  sandstone.  The  shale  contains 

shreds  of  vegetation  . .  360  365 

Gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  365  370 

Gray  limestone  and  some  gray  shale .  370  375 

White  limestone.  A  crinoid  stem  noted  .  375  380 

White  limestone,  some  greenish  sandstone  and  a  few  bits  of  coal .  380  385 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  white  limestone  .  385  390 

Gray  shale  and  a  little  limestone  .  390  395 

White  limestone  and  some  gray  shale  .  395  400 


WELL  BECOEDS. 


101 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Drake  farm — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  shale  and  some  limestone  .  400  405 

Concretionary  siderite,  some  dark  shale,  bits  of  coal  and  pyrite .  405  410 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  siderite.  Some  yellow  limestone .  410  415 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  siderite,  and  yellow  limestone .  415  420 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  some  siderite  .  420  425 

Gray  sandy  shale,  black  shale  and  some  siderite .  425  430 

Gray  sandstone  and  a  little  concretionary  siderite .  430  435 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  few  bits  of  yellow  limestone .  435  440 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  440  445 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  shreds  of  vegetation.  A  few  small 

pieces  of  siderite  .  445  460 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  few  small  pieces  of  white  limestone  460  465 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  shreds  of  vegetation .  465  470 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  dark  shale,  a  few  bits  of  coal,  and 

pyritized  woody  tissue  . . .  470  476 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  white  limestone.  A  little  dark  shale..  475  480 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  yellow  limestone  .  480  485 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  white  limestone.  Some  yellow  limestone .  485  490 

Sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite,  white  limestone,  and  a  few  small 

spherical  siderite  concretions  .  490  495 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  yellowish  limestone,  white  sand¬ 
stone  and  a  little  dark  shale  .  495  505 

White  sandstone,  some  dark  shale,  and  yellow  limestone .  505  515 

Dark  gray  shale  .  515  520 

Dark  shale,  fire  clay  And  some  white  limestone  .  -520  525 

Dark  gray  shale  .  525  530 

Dark  limestone,  some  dark  shale,  crinoid  stems  and  some  other  organic 
material  noted.  Tuberculated  crinoid  spine  like  that  in  F.  G.  Mc- 

Cleave  well  at  505  to  510  feet.  Fusilina  present .  530  535 

Like  the  preceding  .  535  540 

Dark  limestone,  coal,  some  yellow  limestone  and  several  crinoid  stems 

noted  . .* .  540  545 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  few  pieces  of  coal .  545  550 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  a  few  bits  of  coal  and  siderite .  550  555 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  some  siderite  and  a  little  limestone  555  560 

Gray  shale  .  660  565 

Dark  gray  shale  .  565  570 

Gray  shale,  some  siderite  and  bits  of  pyrite  .  570  575 

Gray  shale  and  a  little  coal  .  575  580 

Black  shale  and  gray  micaceous  shale  .  580  585 

Black  micaceous  shale  and  gray  sandstone .  585  590 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  some  black  shale .  590  595 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  black  shale  .  595  600 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  a  little  black  shale .  600  605 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  siderite  . 605  610 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  sandstone  and  siderite  .  610  615 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  615  620 

Gray  micaceous  shale  with  shreds  of  vegetation  .  620  625 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  625  635 

Gray  shale  . 635  640 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  siderite  .  640  645 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  siderite  and  yellow  limestone .  645  650 

Dark  shale  and  siderite  concretions  . ; .  650  655 

Dark  shale,  some  siderite  and  a  little  white  limestone .  655  660 

Gray  shale  .  660  670 

Gray  sandstone,  a  few  bits  of  pyrite  and  siderite .  670  680 

Gray  sandstone  .  680  685 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  685  690 

Dark  shale  and  gray  sandy  shale  .  690  695 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  siderite  .  695  710 

Dark  gray  shale  .  710  715. 

Dark  shale  and  some  siderite  .  715  725 

Dark  shale  and  a  little  siderite  .  725  735 

Dark  shale,  a  little  white  sandstone  .  735  745 

Dark  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  745  755 

Dark  shale  .  755  760 

Black  shale  .  760  765 

Black  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  765  770 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  little  black  shale .  770  775 

Gray  shale  and  micaceous  sandstone  .  775  780 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  a  little  sandstone .  780  785 

Coal  and  gray  shale  .  785  790 

Gray  shale,  some  fire  clay,  a  little  coal  and  bits  of  pyrite .  790  795 

Gray  shale  and  some  gray  micaceous  sandstone .  795  800 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  some  gray  shale .  800  810 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  810  820 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  820  825 

Gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  825  830 

Coal  . 830  835 

Black  carbonaceous  shale  and  some  gray  shale .  835  840 

Black  shale,  gray  sandstone  and  a  little  coal .  840  845 


102 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  the  Drake  farm — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


White  sandstone  and  a  little  white  limestone .  845  850 

Dark  shale  and  some  white  sandstone  with  infiltrated  lime .  850  860 

Dark  shale,  white  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  lime,  some  small  spherical 

siderite  concretions  and  bits  of  pyrite .  860  865 

Dark  shale,  white  micaceous  sandstone  and  bits  of  coal .  865  870 

White  micaceous  sandstone  .  870  875 

Dark  shale  and  white  micaceous  sandstone  .  875  880 

Black  micaceous  shale,  white  sandstone  and  some  siderite  concretions  880  885 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  885  890 

Hard  black  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  white  limestone .  890  895 

Gray  sandstone  and  black  shale,  small  spherical  siderite  concretions 

and  bits  of  pyrite  .  895  900 

Black  shale  .  900  905 

Black  shale  and  a  very  few  pieces  of  white  limestone.... .  905  910 

Black  micaceous  shale,  a  little  white  limestone  and  a  few  bits  of  coal  910  915 

Black  micaceous  shale  and  a  little  limestone  .  915  920 

White  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  920  930 

White  micaceous  sandstone  containing  carbonaceous  shreds  and  a  little 

black  shale  .  930  935 

Dark  shale  and  some  white  micaceous  sandstone .  935  955 

Like  the  preceding,  with  a  few  bits  of  coal .  955  960 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  960  965 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  some  shale  and  a  few  bits  of  limestone..  965  975 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  black  shale  and  some  sandstone .  975  980 

Gray  shale  and  some  sandstone  . . .  .  . ...  .  980  985 

White  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  dark  shale .  985  995 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  white  limestone .  995  1,005 

Gray  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  1,005  1,010 

Gray  shale  .  1,010  1,020 

Black  shale  and  a  little  gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  lime .  1,020  1,030 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  grayish  green  pieces  of  shale  and  g,  few 

bits  of  limestone  .  1,030  1,045 

Dark  shale  and  a  little  sandstone  .  1,045  1,050 

Dark  shale  .  1,050  1,055 

Yellow  micaceous  sand  .  1,055  1,060 

Yellow  micaceous  sand  and  some  dark  shale  .  1,060  1,065 


33.  WELL  NO.  21,  ON  FARM  OF  J.  C.  WILSON,  ROBINSON  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

Well  Xo.  21  on  the  J.  C.  Wilson  farm  is  operated  by  the  Ohio  Oil 
Company.  It  is  situated  in  the  W.  y2  XW.  14  sec*  17*  T.  7  X.,  R.  12 
W.,  Robinson  Township,  Crawford  County.  Its  elevation  is  estimated 
to  be  490  feet  above  sea  level.  Its  entire  section  is  in  the  Pennsylvanian. 
Fusulina  was  found  in  the  sample  from  540  to  545  feet,  which  represents 
the  horizon  of  coal  Xo.  6. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  21  on  the  Wilson  farm ,  Robinson 

Township ,  Crawford  County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Dark  gray  shale,  fine  in  texture  .  200  205 

Gray  shale,  fragments  of  concretions,  and  coal  .  205  210 

Shale,  sandy,  micaceous,  light  gray  .  210  215 

Micaceous  sandstone,  light,  gray  and  fine-grained  .  215  220 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  220  225 

Laminated,  dark  and  light  gray,  micaceous  shale  .  225  230 

Gray,  stony  shale  . 230  235 

Like  the  preceding  .  235  240 

Like  the  preceding  .  240  245 

Black  shale  and  some  gray  shale  .  245  250 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  lime  .  250  255 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale  .  255  260 

Gray  sandstone,  some  limestone  .  260  265 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  limestone  .  265  270' 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  concretionary  siderite,  some  limestone .  270  275 

Dark  gray  shale  .  275  280 

Gray  sandstone  and  yellowish  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite  .  280  285 

Coarse  white  sandstone,  yellow  micaceous  sandstone,  and  some  gray 

shale  .  285  290 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


103 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  21 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Coarse  white  sandstone  and  gray  shale  .  290  295 

White  sandstone,  some  micaceous  sandstone,  little  dark  shale  and 

limestone  .  295  300 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  gray  shale  .  300  305 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  305  310 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . 310  315 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  315  320 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  fragments  of  limestone  .  320  325 

Dark  gray  shale,  a  few  bits  of  limestone .  325  330 

Dark  gray  shale,  and  a  few  fragments  of  limestone,  and  siderite .  330  335 

Gray  shale,  siderite  concretions,  some  bits  of  limestone  and  pyrite .  335  34o 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale  .  340  345 

Gray  shale,  limestone  and  siderite  concretions;  some  quartz  grains...  345  350 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  black  micaceous  shale,  and  a  few 

bits  of  limestone  .  350  355 

Gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale .  355  360 

Dark  gray  shale  .  360  365 

Dark  gray  shale  .  365  370 

White  organic  limestone,  brecciated.  Crinoid  stems,  Rhombopora 
lepidodendroides ,  Athyris  (?),  and  fragments  of  other  brachiopods 

noted,  one  with  peculiar  finely  reticulated  structure  .  370  375 

Yellowish  gray  limestone,  organic  breccia  .  375  380 

Red  shale  and  gray  shale,  with  some  black  shale  .  380  385 

Fire  clay,  some  fragments  of  coal  and  green  shale .  385  390 

Greenish  gray  shaly  sandstone  .  390  395 

Greenish  gray  shaly  sandstone,  with  some  limestone  . .  395  400 

Light  gray  micaceous  shale  .  400  405 

Light  gray  sandy  shale  .  405  410 

Dark  gray  stony  shale  .  410  415 

Like  the  preceding  .  415  420 

Like  the  preceding  .  420  425 

Micaceous  gray  sandy  shale,  with  a  few  fragments  of  coal .  425  430 

Micaceous  sandy  shale  and  shaly  sand,  laminated  ;  showing  shreds  of 

vegetation  .  430  435 

Laminated  sandstone,  shaly,  carbonaceous  .  435  440 

Micaceous  sandy  gray  shale,  with  bits  of  carbonaceous  shreds .  440  445 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  with  carbonaceous  layers  .  445  450 

Dark  and  light  sandy  shale,  laminated  .  450  455 

Like  the  prceding  .  455  460 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  coal,  and  some  calcite  from  a  joint  in  the  coal  460  465 

Greenish  gray  shaly  limestone  of  compact  texture  .  465  470 

Sandy  shale  and  gray  and  yellow  limestone  .  470  475 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  limestone .  475  480 

Sandstone  with  concretionary  impregnations  of  yellow  limestone .  480  485 

Dark,  almost  black,  stiff  shale  .  485  490 

Black  limestone,  organic  .  490  495 

Coal  .  495  500 

Black  shale,  with  imprints  of  leaves  .  500  505 

Coal,  some  shale  .  505  510 

Limestone  and  some  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  .  510  515 

Coarse  white  sandstone,  pyrite,  and  some  white  brecciated  limestone.  .  515  520 

Micaceous  coarse  sand  .  520  525 

Micaceous,  coarse  sand,  with  some  gray  shale  and  limestone .  525  530- 

White  micaceous  sandstone  .  530  535 

White  micaceous  sand,  and  some  coal  and  limestone  .  535  540» 

Dark  blotchy  brown  limestone,  with  Chonetes,  Productus,  Fusulina, 

Rhombopora,  Fistulipora,  crinoid  stems,  some  coal  and  some  black 

carbonaneous  shale  .  540  545 

Micaceous  and  carbonaceous  gray  shaie  .  545  550 

Dark  blotchy  limestone  with  crinoid  joints  .  550  555. 

Coal  .  555  560. 

White  sandstone,  speckled  with  minute  crystals  of  pyrite  and  some 

dark  shale  .  560  565. 

White,  micaceous  and  pyritiferous  sandstone.  Some  black  “clod,” 

with  an  Athyris  valve  .  565  570' 

No  sample  .  570  575. 

Gray  sandstone  with  concretions  of  siderite  and  limestone .  575  580 

Gray  shale,  with  concretionary  material,  as  in  proceeding  sample....  580  585 

Dark  gray  shale  .  585  590 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  sand .  590  595 

Black  shale  . 595  600 

Black  shale  . .  .  .  .  600  605 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture . 605  610 

Black  calcareous  stony  shale  .  610  615 

Black  shale  of  finest  texture  .  615  620 

Greenish  gray  shaly  sandstone,  with  pyrite  crystals  .  620  630 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  fire  clay,  with  bituminous  films  in  thin  joints.  .  .  630  635 

Greenish  shale,  pyritiferous  . 635  640' 

Light  greenish  gray  shale,  soapstone  . 640  645 

Gray  shale  and  micaceous  sandstone  . * .  645  650 

Sandstone,  gray,  soft  . * .  650  655 


104 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samvles  from  well  No.  21 — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Shaly,  micaceous  and  laminated  sandstone  and  black  shale  .  655  660 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale  .  660  665 

Like  the  preceding  .  665  670 

Dark  shale  .  670  675 

Black  shale  .  675  680 

Laminated  sandy  shale  .  680  685 

Greenish  gray,  stony  shale  . . 685  690 

Black  shale,  with  coal,  considerable  pyrite  and  frequent  fragments  of 

pyritized  woody  tissue  .  690  695 

Black  and  gray  shale,  stony  and  sandy  .  695  700 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  700  705 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  705  710 

Like  the  preceding  .  710  715 

Gra3r  sandy  rock,  with  some  coal  and  some  pyrite  and  minute  spherical 

concretions  of  siderite  .  715  720 

Black  carbonaceous  shale  and  coal,  some  dark  limestone.  Some  pieces 

of  coal  show  woody  structure  .  720  725 

Dark  limestone  and  black  shale,  crinoid  stems  and  pieces  of  pyrite.  . .  .  725  730 

Black  shale  .  730  735 

Dark  sandy  shale,  little  fire  clay  and  limestone  (yellow)  .  735  740 

(Black  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  740  745 

'Goal,  some  black  sandy  shale  and  pyritized  woody  tissue .  745  750 

White  micaceous  sand,  coal  and  some  fire  clay .  750  755 

No  sample  . * .  755  760 

White  sand  with  bits  of  yellow  limestone  .  760  765 

■Gray  sandstone,  some  yellow  limestone  and  black  shale  .  765  770 

Dark  gray  shale  and  limestone,  some  sandstone  and  bits  of  pyrite.  .  .  .  770  775 

Black  shale,  some  dark  limestone  and  pyrite  fragments  .  775  780 

’Black  shale,  some  pyrite  .  780  785 

’Dark  gray  shale  .  785  790 

■Gray  sandy  shale,  few  pieces  of  siderite  concretions .  790  795 

•Gray  sandstone  end  bits  of  siderite .  795  800 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  800  805 

"White  micaceous  sandstone,  gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  little  lime¬ 
stone,  and  some  red  fragments  .  805  810 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  some  gray  sandy  shale,  and  red  fragments  810  815 

White  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  .  815  820 

White  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  .  820  825 

White  sandstone,  some  dark  shale,  and  red  material . 825  830 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  .  830  835 

White  sandstone  .  835  840 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  with  a  little  gray  shale  and  red  material.  .  840  845 

Dark  sandy  shale  .  845  850 

Black  micaceous  shale,  with  some  yellow  coarse-grained  sandstone.  .  .  850  855 

Tellow  sandstone,  coarse  grained,  and  some  black  shale .  855  860 

Gray  sand,  a  little  black  micaceous  shale .  860  865 

Gray  sand,  a  little  black  micaceous  shale  .  865  870 

Black  micaceous  shale  and  some  gray  sand  .  870  875 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  black  micaceous  shale  .  875  880 

Gray  sandstone  and  black  micaceous  shale  .  880  885 


34.  WELL  NO.  8,  ON  FARM  OF  C.  F.  CURTIS,  IN  OBLONG  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

This  is  another  well  belonging  to  the  Ohio  Oil  Company.  It  is 
located  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  C.  F.  Curtis,  at  the  NE.  cor.  sec.  11,  T. 
7  N.,  E.  14  W.,  in  Oblong  Township,  Crawford  County.  The  elevation 
at  the  well  mouth  is  estimated  to  be  475  feet  above  sea  level.  The  entire 
section  is  in  the  Pennsylvanian  series.  Fusulina  occurs  in  sample  from 
510  to  515  feet,  and  the  horizon  of  coal  No.  6  is  just  below  this. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  8  on  Curtis's  farm  in  Oblong  Township , 

Crawford  County,  Illinois. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Yellow  boulder  clay  .  1  io 

Boulder  clay  and  drift  gravel  .  10  15 

Drift,  gravel  and  sand  .  15  20 

Drift,  gravel  and  sand,  with  some  boulder  clay .  20  25 

Drift,  sand  and  gravel  . * .  25  30 


WELL  RECORDS. 


105 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  8 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Drift  .  30  35 

Drift,  sand  and  gravel  .  35  60 

Drift,  gravel  and  some  sand  .  60  70 

Drift,  sand  and  gravel.  A  few  bits  of  coal .  70  75 

Drift,  sand  and  gravel  .  75  90 

Drift,  sand  and  gravel,  with  some  shale  .  90  110 

Sandy  micaceous  shale  .  110  115 

Dark  micaceous  shale  . 115  120 

Sandy  dark  gray  shale  .  120  13a 

Sandstone,  sandy  shale  and  coal.  Some  fragments  of  limestone  noted 

and  some  pyrite,  and  showing  wood  structure .  135  140 

Black  shale,  fire  clay  and  coal  .  140  145 

Gray  and  yellow  limestone.  Gray  sandstone  and  coal  with  some  shale  145  150 

Gray  sandstone,  micaceous  and  of  fine  texture .  150  155 

Like  the  preceding  with  some  siderite .  155  165 

Moderately  coarse  gray  and  yellow  micaceous  sand .  165  170 

Gray  shale  and  micaceous  sand  .  170  180 

Moderately  coarse  micaceous  sandstone  .  180  190 

Gray,  fine  sandstone,  and  yellow  concretionary  limestone,  in  which  is 

considerable  pyrite  .  190  195 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  195  200 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  and  some  concretionary  siderite .  200  205 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  yellow  limestone...  205  210 

Gray,  micaceous,  sandy  shale .  210  215 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . 215  220 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  a  few  pieces  of  gray  sandstone,  some  white 

limestone  and  coal  .  220  225 

Gray  micaceous  shale  with  imprints  of  vegetation,  some  fire  clay  and 

pieces  of  white  limestone  .  225  230 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  . 230  235 

Dark  gray  and  gray  micaceous  shale  .  235  240 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  240  245 

Black  shale,  a  few  pieces  of  sandstone,  siderite,  yellow  limestone  and 

pyrite  .  245  250 

Black  shale  and  coal,  some  pure  calcite  and  white  limestone .  250  255 

Black  shale  and  coal,  some  dark  limestone  and  gray  sandstone .  255  260 

Darkish  gray  limestone  (nodular  in  structure),  some  coal,  gray  sand¬ 
stone  and  bits  of  pyrite  .  260  265 

Gray  shale,  concretionary  yellow  limestone,  some  white  limestone, 

some  gray  sandstone,  and  some  black  coaly  shale .  265  270 

Yellowish  limestone,  some  gray  limestone,  gray  sandstone,  some  con¬ 
cretionary  sandstone,  a  little  coal  and  pyrite .  270  275 

Greenish  gray  stony  shale,  with  a  few  very  thin  laminae  of  coal .  275  280 

Gray  micaceous  storfy  shale  .  280  290 

Dark  gray  stony  shale  .  290  295 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale  of  fine  texture .  295  305 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  305  310 

Gray  sandstone,  browm  concretionary  siderite,  gray  shale,  black  shale, 

gray  limestone,  crinoid  stems  and  a  few  fragments  of  coal .  310  315 

Gray  shale  and  grayish  brown  fossiliferous  limestone,  with  crinoid 

stems,  brachiopod  spines,  pieces  of  shells,  etc .  315  320 

Gray  shale,  concretionary  brown  siderite,  some  sandstone  and  coal. 

The  limestone  contains  organic  fragments.  The  coal  is  impure  and 

shows  very  thin  lamination  .  320  325 

Gray  sandstone  containing  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material  and  pyrite, 

with  some  shale  .  325  335 

Light  gray  thin  bedded  micaceous  sandstone,  some  pieces  with  infil¬ 
trated  calcite  .  335  345 

Mostly  a  grayish  limestone  containing  some  fine  siliceous  material, 

with  some  yellow  and  some  white  limestone  and  some  black  shale.  .  345  350 

Gray  limestone  and  some  gray  sandy  lime,  showing  occasional  obscure 

fragments  of  fossils  .  350  355 

Gray  limestone  and  white  limestone  with  waxy  lustre .  355  360 

Greenish  gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale  and  some  limestone .  360  380 

Greenish  gray  shale  of  somewhat  fine  texture .  380  385 

Dark  gray  shale  of  somewhat  fine  texture .  385  395 

Gray  shale  .  395  400 

Dark,  almost  black,  micaceous  shale,  showing  narrow  veins  impreg- 


Black  shale  with  shreds  of  carbonaceous  vegetation.  Some  gray  shale 

and  some  siderite  .  405  410 

Gray  shale  with  carbonaceous  shreds,  some  black  coaly  shale.  A  few 

pieces  of  siderite  noted  .  410  415 

Gray  and  black  coaly  shale  and  gray  sandstone .  415  425 

Gray  sandstone,  some  gray  shale  and  pieces  of  siderite .  425  435 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  gray  shale  and  concretionary 

siderite  .  435  440 

Dark  gray  shale  . 440  445 

Dark  gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite .  445  455 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  imprints  of  vegetation,  and  some  siderite....  455  460 


106 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  8 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  shale  with  imprints  of  vegetation.  Some  siderite  and  some 

carbonaceous  shale  .  460  465 

Gray  sandstone  and  white  limestone,  some  fragments  of  coal  and  of 

concretionary  siderite  .  465  475 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  yellow  concretionary  siderite,  a  little 

limestone  and  gray  shale  .  475  480 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  yellow  limestone  and  siderite .  480  485 

Dark  gray  sandy  micaceous  shale,  some  gray  shale,  concretionary 

siderite  and  some  gray  sandstone . . .  485  490 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  490  495 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  siderite .  495  500 

Black  limestone,  some  black  shale,  and  some  siderite.  Crinoid  stems 

noted  .  500  505 

Black  limestone,  some  black  shale,  some  coal  and  siderite.  Crinoid 

stems  noted  .  505  510 

Black  limestone,  some  black  shale,  coal  and  siderite.  A  Fusilina,  a 
lamellibranch  ( ?)  shell;  Aviculopecten  carboniferous;  a  minute 
gasteropod  and  some  crinoid  spines  and  stems  noted.  The  limestone 

yields  bituminous  and  sulphurous  odors  when  heated .  510  515 

Dark  limestone,  some  pieces  impregnated  with  small  particles  of 
pyrite,  some  coal  and  black  shale,  some  siderite  and  fragments  of 

white  limestone  and  calcite  . 515  520 

Black  limestone,  a  few  pieces  of  coal,  pyrite,  siderite,  white  lime¬ 
stone  and  crinoid  stems  .  520  525 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  black  limestone,  coal  and  gray  shale 

with  pyrite,  siderite,  and  white  limestone .  525  530 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  530  550 

White  micaceous  sandstone  with  some  concretionary  limestone  and 

bits  of  coal  .  550  555 

White  micaceous  sandstone  and  coal,  with  some  fire  clay,  siderite, 
white  limestone,  much  pyrite,  and  some  calcite.  Productus,  Ed- 
mondia  nebrascensis  (?) ,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Chonetes  puncta- 
tus  (?),  some  small  gasteropods,  several  crinoid  spines  and  stems 

and  a  bryozoan  like  Rhombopora  noted .  555  560 

Gray  sandstone  and  coal,  with  some  white  limestone,  pyrite  calcite, 

shale  and  a  few  crinoid  stems . 560  565 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  coal,  sandstone,  pyrite  and  fire  clay .  565  570 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  a  little  fire  clay  and  shale .  570  575 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  of  which  is  studded  with  spherules 
of  pyrite  measuring  from  1  to  3  mm.  in  diameter,  and  showing  faces 

of  small  cubic  crystals  on  the  surface .  575  585 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  585  610 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  siderite .  610  615 

Dark  gray  shale  .  615  620 

Gray  shale  and  some  yellow  limestone,  concretionary  siderite  in  large 

fragments  and  in  minute  spherules,  coal  and  some  sandstone .  620  625 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  a  little  yellow  limestone,  siderite,  pyrite  and 

coal  .  625  630 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  shale  with  siderite,  fire  clay  and  coal.  .  630  635 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  shale .  635  640 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  . 640  645 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  siderite .  645  650 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  yellow  limestone,  and  fire  clay .  650  655 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  fire  clay  and  concretionary  siderite .  655  660 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  a  little  yellow  limestone  and  siderite.  .  .  .  660  675 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  675  680 

Dark  gray  and  some  micaceous  black  shale,  with  a  little  siderite....  680  685 

Dark  shale,  with  imprints  of  vegetation,  and  some  fire  clay .  685  690 

Dark  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  690  695 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  some  siderite .  695  700 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  700  715 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  sandstone .  715  725 

Gray  laminated  sandstone  and  black  shale .  725  730 

Dark  shale,  concretionary  siderite  and  a  little  sandstone .  730  735 

Hard  black  shale  .  735  740 

Black  shale,  some  coal  and  sandstone  and  a  little  siderite .  740  745 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  some  black  shale  and  a 

few  bits  of  coal  .  745  750 

Black  shale  and  a  few  fragments  of  yellow  limestone  and  coal .  750  755 

Black  micaceous  shale  . 755  760 

Coal  and  a  few  pieces  of  black  shale  . 760  765 

Coal  and  black  shale,  some  white  limestone,  a  little  sandstone, 

siderite  and  bits  of  pyrite .  765  770 

Gray  sandstone,  some  dark  shale,  bits  of  coal  and  limestone .  770  775 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  a  little  yellow  limestone .  775  79fr 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  a  little  siderite .  790  795 

Black  shale  and  a  little  coal.  A  little  gray  limestone  noted .  795  800 

Black  shale,  a  little  coal  and  a  little  sandstone .  800  805 

Dark  pyritiferous  shale  and  some  gray  sandstone! .  805  815 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . : .  815  820 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  a  few  bits  of  coal .  820  825 


WELL  RECORDS. 


107 


35.  WELL  NO.  7,  ON  FARM  OF  MATTHEW  SHILTZ,  OBLONG  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

This  well  was  drilled  for  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  on  the  SE.  ^4 
sec.  7,  T.  7  N.,  R.  14  W.,  Oblong  Township,  Crawford  County.  The 


the  Pennsylvanian.  The  horizon  of  coal  No.  6  is  at  about  585  feet 
below  the  surface. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  7,  on  Shiltz  farm. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Light  gray  micaceous  sandstone  or  sandy  shale.  The  laminae  are 

from  1/20-1/8  in.  thick  .  185  190 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  with  carbonaceous  foliations  showing 

leaf  fragments  and  needle-like  impressions.  Biotite  scales  noted.  .  .  190  195 

Like  the  preceding  .  195  200 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  and  black  carbonaceous  shale .  200  205 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  with  carbonaceous  foliations .  205  210 

Gray  calcareous  limestone,  partly  organic  fragmental,  apparently  con¬ 
cretionary.  A  fragment  of  a  black  silicified  piece  of  a  fern  stem 

noted  .  210  215 

Light  gray  sandy  shale,  micaceous  .  215  220 

Gray  sandstone,  fine  in  texture,  and  with  a  calcareous  matrix .  220  225 

Like  the  preceding  .  225  230 

Light  gray,  sandy  shale  .  230  235 

Like  the  preceding  .  235  240 

Like  the  preceding  .  240  245 

Like  the  preceding  .  245  250 

Light  gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale  and  some  calcareous  concre¬ 
tionary  material  .  250  255 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  micaceous  gray  sandstone  .  255  260 

Gray,  stony  shale  .  260  265 

Black  fissile  shale  (miner’s  slate),  and  greenish  fire  clay .  265  270 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  black  shale  .  270  275 

Greenish  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  275  280 

Light  gray  shaly  sandstone  and  shale,  biotitic .  280  285 

Light  gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale,  with  some  dark  and  soft, 

marly  material  .  285  295 

Gray  sandy  shale  . 290  295 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale  .  295  300 

Dark  gray  sandy  and  micaceous,  stony,  shale  .  300  305 

Like  the  preceding  .  305  310 

Like  the  preceding  .  310  315 

Like  the  preceding  .  315  320 

Dark  gray  stony  shale  and  green  fire  clay  .  320  325 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  325  330 

Like  the  preceding  .  330  33o 

Dark  shale,  with  impressions  of  narrow  leaf-like  forms  of  vegetation 

and  of  fragments  of  thin  shells  .  335  340 

Miner’s  slate,  black,  and  some  coaly  shale  .  .  .  .  .‘ .  340  345 

Gray  sandstone,  moderately  coarse  .  345  350 

Light  gray  sandy  shale  with  layers  of  shaly  sandstone  which  contains 

spherules  of  brown  siderite  .  350  355 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  .  355  360 

Gray  limestone  and  some  black  shale.  Chetetes  milleporaceus  noted.  .  360  365 

Micaceous  gray  sandy  shale  or  sandstone  with  some  concretionary  lime¬ 
stone  . ' .  365  370 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  . 370  375 

Like  the  preceding  .  375  380 

Gray,  soft  shaly  sandstone.  Some  fragments  have  a  brownish  tint..,.  380  385 

Like  the  preceding  .  385  390 

Gray  fine-grained  shale  .  390  395 

Gray  sandy  shale,  light  .  395  400 

Micaceous  and  sandy,  stiff  shale,  light  gray,  with  narrow  impressions, 
carbonaceous,  of  small  leaves  and  bits  of  brown  tests  of  Crustacea. 

Many  fragments  of  coal  . 400  405 

Medium  gray  stiff  shales  of  fine  texture,  with  many  fragments'  of  coal.  405  410 

Gray  shale  of  fine  texture,  with  fossil  fragments  .  410  415 

Shale,  sandy,  micaceous,  greenish  gray,  with  loaf  imprints .  415  420 

Shale,  sandy,  micaceous,  and  greenish  gray,  with  small  black  frag¬ 
ments  of  vegetation  .  420  425 

Sandstone,  fine  in  texture,  micaceous,  shaly,  light  gray . 425  440 

Gray  shale  of  fine  texture,  greenish,  only  very  slightly  micaceous .  440  445 

Sandy  shale,  gray,  micaceous,  with  bits  of  vegetation  .  445  450 

Light  gray  shale,  stony  .  450  455 


/ 


108 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  7 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Shale,  greenish  gray,  micaceous  .  455  470 

.Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  of  fine,  even  texture  .  470  475 

Coal  and  fine  gray  shale  and  fire  clay  .  475  48  0 

Limestone,  some  dark  and  compact,  with  very  slow  effervescence,  some 
light,  calcareous,  with  crystalline  cleavage  like  that  in  crinoid 
stems.  Also  some  limestone  and  shale,  with  small  spherules  of  clay 
ironstone,  magnetic  after  fusion,  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter. 

Wood  in  coaly  pyrite  .  480  485 

Shaly  sandstone  of  light  gray  color  .  485  495 

Dark  gray,  stony,  micaceous  shale  .  495  500 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale  .  500  505 

Gray  shale,  stiff,  fine  textured  .  505  510 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  510  515 

Gray  dark  shale,  stiff,  micaceous  .  515  52o 

Gray  limestone  and  coal,  limestone  is  organic  fragmental.  Crinoid 

joints  noted  . ‘ .  520  525 

Coal  and  some  gray  fire  clay .  525  530 

Gray  sandstone  with  a  little  micaceous  shale  .  530  540 

Gray  sandstone  and  sandy  shale .  540  545 

Gray  sandstone,  fine  textured  .  545  55» 

Gray,  micaceous,  stony  (sandy)  shale .  555  670 

Gray  shaly  fire  clay  or  shale .  570  575 

Dark  shale  and  a  little  coal.*  Shale  is  fine  and  carbonaceous .  575  580 

Black  limestone,  effervescing  slowly,  with  embedded  organic  fragments 
and  pyrite.  Green  grains,  or  fillings,  in  limestone ;  crinoid  stems ; 

fragments  of  shells;  and  spines  of  brachiopods  ;  Fusulina  noted .  585  590 

Dark  gray,  stiff,  micaceous  shale  .  590  595 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  and  shale  .  595  60u 

Shaly  sandstone,  gray,  micaceous  .  600  605 

Dark  calcareous  limestone,  with  Athyris,  crinoid  stems  and  spines  in 

many  fragments,  and  coal,  in  coarse  and  fine  fragments .  605  615 

Gray  sandstone  and  black  shale  .  615  620 

Gray  sandy  shale  . . .  620  625 

Sandstone,  light  gray,  fine  textured,  thinly  laminated,  and  some  yellow 

concretionary  material  .  625  630 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  micaceous  .  635  640 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  fire  clay  .  640  645 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  640  650 

Gray  shale,  fine  textured  .  650  660 

Gray  sandy  shale  with  straight  laminations  .  660  665 

Black  shale,  with  gray  blotches,  laminated  (miner’s  slate)  .  665  670 

Black  shale,  and  dark  gray  shale  .  670  675 

Light  greenish  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  675  680 

Like  the  preceding  .  680  685 

Black  shale,  almost  slaty  . * .  685  69u 

Black  stiff  shale  of  fine  texture  .  690  695 

Dark  gray  shale  . . .  695  700 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  700  705 

Gray  stiff  shale,  and  some  earthly  shale  .  705  710 

Dark  gray  earthly  shale  and  light  gray  sandstone .  710  715 

Dark  gray  laminated  shale .  715  725 

Dark  gray,  laminated,  micaceous  shale,  with  imprints  of  leaves  and 

bits  of  vegetation  .  725  730 

Gray  shale,  sandy  and  micaceous,  with  imprints  of  fragments  of  leaves  730  735 

Very  dark  shale,  micaceous  .  735  740 

Black  shale  (miner’s  slate)  .  740  745 

Like  the  preceding,  with  pyrites  .  745  750 

Gray  sandstone,  with  some  coal  .  750  755 

Sandstone  and  laminated,  dark  gray  shale  .  755  760 

Dark  gray  shale  .  760  765 

Shale,  dark  gray,  some  dark  fire  clay,  coal  .  765  770 

Coal,  hardly  anything  else,  large  sample .  770  775 

Light  gray,  sandy,  fire  clay  and  coal  .  775  780 

Light  gray,  micaceous,  pyritiferous  sandstone,  and  some  dark  shale...  780  785 

Light  gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  785  790 

Micaceous  light  gray  sandstone .  790  795 

Sandy  gray  shale  and  fire  clay,  dark,  and  showing'  slickensides .  795  800 

Dark  gray  shale,  fine  in  texture,  with  some  slickensided  pieces .  8^0  8»'5 

Black  miner’s  slate  .  805  810 

Black,  coaly  shale,  with  a  light  gray  rock  composed  of  clay  and  con¬ 
taining  small  spherules  of  clay  ironstone,  .25  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in 

diameter  . .  810  815 

Dark  gray  shale  with  some  fine  small  flakes  of  mica .  815  820 

Coal  and  some  dark  shale,  with  fragments  of  brown  clay  ironstone...  820  825 

Fire  clay,  shale,  dark  and  light  gray  sandstone  .  825  830 

Dark  gray  shale  and  shaly  light  gray  sandstone  .  830  835 

Black  shale,  coal  and  fire  clay  .  835  840 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  black  shale,  some  coal  .  840  845 

Gray  sandy  shale,  black  shale,  some  coal .  845  850 

Black  and  gray  shale,  laminated  .  850  855 

Dark  gray  shale,  micaceous,  and  sandy,  light  gray  shale .  855  860 


WELL  RECORDS. 


109 


Description  of  samples  from  well  No.  7 — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Black  shale  and  gray  shale,  micaceous;  imprints  of  leaves .  860 

Gray  and  black  shale,  some  of  the  black  shale  with  thin  laminae  of 

coal  .  86*> 

Gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale  and  shaly  sandstone .  870 

Black  coaly  shale  (miners  slate),  some  impure  coal,  and  some  fire  clay  875 

Dark  gray  shale,  stiff  . .  880 

Some  gray  shale,  some  shaly  sandstone,  some  “cloddy”  limestone  with 
crinoid  stems  and  other  fossils  in  fragments.  Much  of  the  sample  is 
a  stony,  sandy  fire  clay,  in  which  are  embedded  spherules  Of  clay 
ironstone  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  On  grinding  some  frag¬ 
ments  containing  these  spherules  a  centre  of  pyrite  was  seen  in  some. 

The  embedded  spherules  lie  quite  close  together,  giving  the  appear¬ 


ance  of  an  oolitic  rock  .  885 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  fire  clay .  890 

Gray  shaly,  micaceous,  sandstone,  or  sandy  shale  .  895 

Like  the  preceding  .  900 

Gray  shaly,  micaceous,  sandstone  . . .  905 

Gray  sandstone,  with  carbonaceous,  black  foliations  .  910 

Like  the  preceding  .  915 

Yellowish  sandstone,  grains  float  on  water  .  920 

Gray  sand,  less  oily,  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter .  925 


865 

870 

875 

880 

885 


890 

895 

900 

905 

910 

915 

920 

925 

950 


36.  WELL  NO.  15,  ON  FARM  OF  0.  F.  EDWARDS  IN  OBLONG  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

This  well,  which  is  also  operated  by  the  Ohio  Oil  Company,  is  located 
on  the  farm  of  Mr.  0.  F.  Edwards  in  the  SE.  *4  sec.  7,  Oblong  Town¬ 
ship,  Crawford  County.  The  elevation  of  its  curb  is  485  feet  above 
sea  level. 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Edward  well  No.  15. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Loess  or  silt,  with  some  sand  .  0  5 

Boulder  clay,  thoroughly  leached  .  5  10 

Like  the  preceding  .  10  15 

Yellow  boulder  clay,  calcareous  .  15  20 

Yellowish  gray  calcareous  boulder  clay,  with  limestone  pebbles .  20  25 

Sand  and  gravel,  washed  from  boulder  clay .  25  30 

Sand  and  gravel,  washed  from  boulder  clay .  30  35 

Like  the  preceding  .  35  40 

Gray  boulder  clay  .  40  45 

Sand  and  gravel,  washed  from  boulder  clay .  45  50 

Mostly  sandstone,  fairly  coarse,  with  some  limestone  fragments  of 
fossils,  probably  Productus  semi-recticulatus,  Retzia,  Rhombopora 
lepidodendroides,  Fistulipora,  Tubipora,  and  joints  of  crinoid  stems  50  55 

Sandstone,  gray  micaceous,  friable  .  55  60 

Like  the  preceding  .  60  65 

Gray  friable  shale,  slightly  micaceous .  65  70 

Like  the  preceding  .  70  75 

Like  the  preceding  .  75  80 

Like  the  preceding  .  80  85 

“Dirt  bed”  material,  dark  crumbling  silt  clay,  with  some  coal .  85  90 

Impure  fire  clay  and  shale,  much  coal,  and  concretions  of  caloite 

and  siderite  .  90  95 

Dark  shale  . 95  100 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  .  100  105 

Gray  shale  and  marly  material,  containing  the  pygidium  Of  a  small 

trilobite,  fragments  of  bryozoa,  and  joints  of  crinoid  stems .  105  110 

Almost  black  shale,  containing  small  ostracods,  1/30  inch  in  length 
and  an  impression  of  some  smooth  flat  objects,  having  the  shape 
of  an  equilateral  triangle  with  perfectly  straight  sides  measuring 

1/6  inch  .  110  115 

Black  shale  with  impressions  of  fucoidal  bands  1/10  inch  in  width. 

Part  of  sample  a  dark  limestone  with  crinoid  stems,  a  small 
pentagonal  crinoid  plate,  and  a  small  brachiopod  ( Ambocoelia  um- 

bonata  ?)  115  120 

Dark  limestone,  of  characteristic  appearance  of  “clod”  limestone ; 
clay ;  fissile  shale  and  coal.  The  limestone  has  the  same  fossils  as 

in  the  preceding  .  120  125 

Dark  limestone  as  above,  with  irregularly  curved  Ammodiscus  tubes. 

Also  coal  and  some  fire  clay.  The  coal  probably  lies  at  a  depth 

of  about  125  feet,  and  is  underlain  by  the  fire  clay .  125  130 


110 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Edward  well  No.  15 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  130  135 

Like  the  above  .  135  140 

Micaceous  shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  140  145 

Micaceous  shaly  sandstone  . . . ...  145  150 

Micaceous  shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  150  155 

Coal,  some  “clod”  and  some  shale  .  155  160 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  160  165 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  one  large  piece  of  coal  and  one  large 
piece  of  black  shale,  containing  fragments  of  some  thin  shells, 

^  probably  a  Lingula  .  165  170 

Gva.y  sandstone,  with  some  calcareous  rock .  170  175 

Shaly  micaceous  gray  sandstone  .  175  180 

Like  the  preceding  with  some  small  fragments  of  a  calcareous  rock.  .  180  185 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale  with  large  flakes  of  mica .  185  190 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  190  195 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  with  shreds  of  vegetation .  195  200 

Limestone,  compact,  yellowish  white  and  dark  gray,  containing  crinoid 
stems  and  fragments  of  other  unidentified  fossils.  Splits  into  thin 

fragments,  and  has  a  sort  of  waxy  lustre .  200  205 

Like  the  preceding  .  205  210 

Gray  shale,  somewhat  micaceous  .  210  215 

Fire  clay,  shale,  and  sandstone  .  215  220 

Mostly  sandstone  having  a  calcareous  matrix  and  a  few  embedded 

organic  calcareous  fragments  .  220  225 

Sandy  shale  or  shaly  sandstone,  with  some  black  mica .  225  230 

Gray  sandstone  .  230  235 

Gray  sandstone,  laminated  with  thin  layers  of  carbonaceous  material  235  240 

Dark  gray  sandstone,  laminated,  micaceous,  with  thin  carbonaceous 

foliations,  and  with  a  calcareous  cement  .  240  245 

Sandstone,  dark  gray,  shaly,  biotitic.  Some  fragments  show  yellow 
specks  of  presumably  concretionary  iron  carbonate ;  other  frag¬ 
ments  are  closely  studded  with  minute  grains  of  pyrite .  245  250 

Some  sandstone  like  the  preceding,  dark  shale,  and  fire  clay .  250  255 

Dark  shale  and  sandstone,  both  biotitic .  255  260 

Black  shale  and  some  fragments  of  a  coarse  shell  breccia  containing 

crinoid  stems  .  260  265 

Like  the  preceding  .  265  270 

Gray  sandstone  .  270  275 

Gray  sandstone,  with  a  brown,  slowly  effervescing  sandstone .  275  280 

Like  the  preceding,  with  more  of  the  brown  rock,  which  seems  to 
have  a  concretionary  (oolitic)  structure  and  consists  mainly  of 

carbonate  of  iron  with  some  calcareous  grains  .  280  285 

Gray  sandstone,  micaceous  .  285  290 

Like  the  preceding  .  290  295 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  shaly  sandstone .  29.5  300 

Gray  sandstone,  micaceous  .  300  305 

Like  the  preceding  .  305  310 

Gray  shale  .  310  315 

Gray  shale,  with  small  ostracod,  and  a  spiral  Ammodiscus .  315  320 

Gray  shale,  with  narrow  ribbon-shaped  impressions  of  vegetation  and 

with  ostracods  and  a  spiral  Ammodiscus  .  320  325 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  micaceous  sandstone .  325  330 

Micaceous  sandstone  and  coarse  gray  shale .  330  335 

Coarse  sandstone  .  335  340 

Sandstone,  with  yellow  grains  (concretionary)  of  carbonate  of  iron, 

larger  than  the  sand  grains .  340  345 

Gray  shale  with  some  very  compact  fragments  of  carbonate  of  lime 

concretions  .  345  350 

Faintly  yellowish  gray  limestone,  splitting  into  thin  chips,  with  many 

unrecognizable  fragments  of  organic  origin .  350  355 

Like  the  preceding  . .  .  355  360 

Limestone,  like  the  preceding,  with  a  brachiopod  shell  fragment,  a 

Zaphrentis  and  joints  of  crinoid  stems.  Also  some  dark  gray  shale  360  365 

Greenish  gray  shale  .  365  370 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  shale  .  370  375 

Like  the  preceding  .  375  380 

Like  the  preceding  . 380  385 

Gray  shale,  fine  textured  .  385  390 

Gray  shale,  fine  textured  .  390  395 

Bluish  gray  sandstone  .  395  400 

Shale,  mostly  dark  gray,  and  of  fine  texture .  400  405 

Sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  405  410 

Micaceous  sandstone  and  shale  .  410  415 

Gray  silty  shale  .  415  420 

Dark  gray  shale  .  420  425 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale  .  425  430 

Gray  shale  and  some  impure  coal  .  430  435 

Micaceous  gray  shale,  with  fragments  of  concretions  of  siderite .  435  440 

Gray  shale  .  440  445 

Gray  shale,  or  fire  clay  .  445  450 

Gray  shale,  stony  and  dark,  micaceous  .  450  455 


WELL  RECORDS. 


Ill 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Edward  well  No.  15 — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Some  gray  shale  like  the  above.  But  mostly  a  dark  dirty  yellow  clay 
too  oily  to  mix  with  water,  giving  off  gas  and  oil  when  heated  and 
losing  much  of  its  weight  on  ignition,  probably  30  or  40  per  cent.  .  455  460 

Like  the  preceding,  with  much  coal .  460  465 

Sandstone,  gray,  micaceous,  and  some  pieces  of  a  black  limestone, 

containing  fragments  of  fossils  .  465  470 

Oily  clay,  like  that  above,  with  coal  and  gray  stony  shale  and  some 

pyrite  .  470  475 

Like  the  preceding,  with  much  coal  and  some  fossiliferous  limestone.  .  475  480 

Sandstone,  with  some  yellow  limestone  containing  organic  fragments..  480  485 

•Gray  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  485  490 

Dark  gray  shale  .  490  495 

Dark  gray  shale  .  495  500 

Dark  gray  shale  with  a  small  Ammodiscus  and  some  narrow  fucoid 

markings  . .' .  500  505 

Gray  limestone  with  embedded  yellow  fragments  of  fossils  with  some 

black  shale  and  coal  .  505  510 

Mostly  fire  clay  and  coal  .  510  515 

Sandstone,  some  coarse,  some  thinly  laminated .  515  520 

Sandstone,  comparatively  coarse  .  520  525 

Sandstone  of  average  texture  .  525  530 

Sandstone  .  530  535 

Dark  arenaceous  shale  .  535  540 

Shaly  sandstone,  black  shale  and  coal  .  540  545 

Some  coal,  fire  clay,  and  dark  sandy  shale .  545  550 

Mostly  coal,  some  black  shale  and  fire  clay  .  550  555 

Gray  sandstone,  with  a  compact  yellowish  gray  limestone,  breaking 
frequently  into  rectangular  fragments,  and  probably  of  concre¬ 
tionary  origin  .  555  560 

Dark  shale  and  sandy  gray  shale  with  fragments  of  concretions  of 

siderite  .  560  565 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  .  565  570 

Dark  “cloddy”  shale  and  coal,  with  some  sandstone .  570  575 

Coal,  stony  fire  clay  and  sandy  shale  .  575  580 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  580  585 

Shaly  sandstone  .  585  590 

Shaly  sandstone,  greenish  sandy  shale,  coal  and  concretionary  siderite  590  595 

Like  the  preceding  .  595  600 

Gray  shale  .  600  605 

Dark  gray  shale,  hard  .  605  610 

Like  the  preceding  .  610  615 

Dark  gray  shale  . i .  615  620 

Like  the  preceding  .  620  625 

Like  the  preceding  .  625  630 

Dark  gray  shale  with  a  fine  textured  and  compact  limestone,  in  part 

gray,  in  part  yellow,  apparently  concretionary  .  630  635 

Gray  shale,  with  concretionary  limestone  like  that  in  the  above .  635  640 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  black  shale  .  640  645 

Gray  fine-grained  sandstone,  with  some  black  coaly  shale .  645  650 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  less  shale  .  650  655 

Gray  shale  and  black  shale  .  655  660 

Gray  shale  .  660  665 

Black  micaceous  shale  and  gray  shale,  with  concretionary  material..  665  670 

Black  micaceous  shale  with  concretionary  material .  670  675 

Gray  and  black  shale  and  coal . . .  675  680 

Coal  and  gray  shale  . ’. .  680  685 

Gray  shaly  and  micaceous  sandstone  with  much  carbonaceous 
material,  and  with  imprints  of  vegetation  abundant  in  some  frag¬ 
ments  .  685  690 

Dark  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  with  thin  layers  of  carbonaceous 

material  .  690  695 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  with  imprints  of  fern  leaves .  695  700 

Dark  gray  shale,  micaceous  . .  700  705 

Dark  gray  shale,  micaceous,  stony  .  705  710 

Like  the  preceding  .  710  715 

Like  the  preceding  .  715  720 

Like  the  preceding  .  720  725 

Black  shale,  hard  .  725  730 

Black  shale  .  730  735 

Black  shale,  with  “clod”  limestone  containing  a  crinoid  stem ;  some 

coal  .  735  740 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  comparatively  coarse  in  texture .  740  745 

Gray  sandstone  . • .  745  750 

Shale,  almost  black  . 750  755 

Black  shale  and  coal  .  755  760 

Black  shale  and  fragments  of  “clod”  limestone,  coal  and  fire  clay.  .  .  760  765 

Like  the  preceding  .  765  770 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  brown  concretionary  material .  770  775 

Gray  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  775  780 

Gray  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  780  785 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale,  with  much  brown  concretionary  material.  .  .  785  790 


112 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  the  Edward  well  No.  15 — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Like  the  preceding-,  with  some  calcareous  material  .  790  795 

Gray  shale,  and  some  fire  clay  with  thin  carbonaceous  flakes  embedded  795  800 

Dark  gray  shale,  micaceous  . 800  805 

Like  the  preceding  .  805  810 

Shale,  almost  black  .  810  815 

Like  the  last  .  815  820 

Black  and  gray  shale,  some  “clod”  limestone,  some  fire  clay  and  some 

concretionary  carbonate  of  lime  .  820  825 

Black  clay,  shale,  some  coaly  shale,  some  brown  and  soft  concre¬ 
tionary  material  .  825  830 

Dark  bluish  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  830  835 

“Clod”  limestone,  dark  and  black  shale,  coal  and  greenish  shaly 

fire  clay  .  835  840 

Bluish  gray  shaly  fire  clay  and  black  shale  .  840  845 

Gray  fire  clay  and  some  coal  .  845  850 

Black  shale,  gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  850  85b 

Gray  shale  and  shaly  sandstone  .  855  860 

Black  shale  and  coal,  with  some  concretionary  siderite  .  860  865 

Like  the  preceding  .  865  870 

Like  the  preceding  .  870  875 

Black  shale  and  gray  shale  with  much  concretionary  siderite  and  some 

coal  .  875  880 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  concretionary  siderite  . .  880  885 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  much  concretionary  siderite  .  885  890 

Black,  micaceous  shale  .  890  895 

Black  shale,  slightly  micaceous  .  895  900 

Mostly  black  shale,  with  some  concretionary  material .  900  905 

Thinly  laminated  shale  with  alternate  light  and  dark  layers  .  905  910 

Dark  gray,  stiff  shale  .  910  915 

Dark  gray  shale,  laminated . , .  915  920 

Laminated  shale,  with  sandy  laminae  about  1/64  in.  in  thickness .  920  925 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  sandy  layers,  thicker  .  925  930 

Like  the  preceding  .  930  935 

Like  the  preceding  .  935  940 

Coaly  black  shale  and  gray  shaly  sandstone,  both  micaceous .  940  945 

Black  shale,  greenish  gray  shale,  and  sandstone  .  945  950 

Crumbly  gray  sand,  some  70  per  cent  of  the  grains  measuring  from 
.125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  20  per  cent  measuring  less 
than  .125  mm.,  and  only  a  few  measuring  more  than  .25  mm.  The 

sand  floats  on  water .  950  955 

Black  shale  .  955  960 

Black  shale,  brownish  concretionary  siderite  and  some  sand .  960  965 

Gray  faintly  brownish  sand  which  floats  on  water,  with  some  coherent 

lumps,  which  emit  oil  when  heated  .  965  970 

Thinly  laminated  shale  sandstone,  alternate  laminae  of  dark  and  light 
material.  Laminae  mostly  about  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  Slightly 

effervescent  with  acid  .  970  975 

Like  the  preceding,  but  more  shaly  with  fewer  laminations . .  ...  975  980 

Dark  stony  shale,  with  thin  layers  of  alternating  light  and  dark  mate¬ 
rial,  with  some  concretionary  brownish  carbonate  of  iron .  980  985 

Sandy  laminated  shale  or  shaly  sandstone,  layers  bended  and  curving  985  990 

Samples  taken  every  5  feet  for  the  entire  depth  of  the  well  were 

submitted  for  examination.  All  have  the  general  appearance  of  the  de¬ 
posits  of  the  Pennsylvanian  series  in  this  region.  An  oily  clay,  con¬ 
taining  a  considerable  percentage  of  bituminous  material,  and  of  a 

yellow  color,  occurs  at  a  depth  of  455  to  465  feet,  and  again  at  a  depth 

of  470  to  475  feet.  There  is  a  sufficient  quantity  of  oil  in  this  clay  to 
prevent  its  mixing  with  water,  to  render  it  soft,  coherent,  and  decidedly 
plastic,  to  make  faint  grease  spots  on  the  paper  bags  in  which  the 
samples  were  kept,  and  to  distil  readily  from  the  clay  in  quantities  suffi¬ 
cient  to  support  a  flame  in  an  open  receptacle.  Two  limestones  appear 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  section,  one  at  the  depth  of  200  feet  and  the 
other  at  the  depth  of  360  feet.  The  latter  is  probably  to  be  correlated 
with  a  limestone  horizon  which  occurs  at  about  160  feet  above  coal  No. 
6,  in  the  Belleville  region,  and  the  former  is  most  likely  the  equivalent 


WELL  RECORDS. 


113 


of  the  Carlinville  limestone,  about  150  feet  higher  up  in  the  section, 
coal  No.  6  is  believed  to  be  either  the  coal  at  477  feet  or  else  the  coal  at 
510  feet,  most  probably  the  latter.  The  number  of  coal  seams  pene¬ 
trated  is  no  less  than  fourteen  or  fifteen,  and  they  fall  into  three  groups, 
the  lower  group  consisting  of  five  coals,  probably  in  thin  beds,  including 
those  between  670  and  850  feet  in  depth.  This  group  probably  includes 
coals  No.  1  and  No.  2  of  Northern  Illinois.  The  middle  group  com¬ 
prises  the  coals  from  430  to  580  feet  below  the  surface  and  no  doubt 
includes  coal  No.  6.  The  uppermost  group,  comprising  some  small  coals 
of  the  upper  “Coal  Measures”  of  Worthen,  are  the  coals  in  the  upper 
200  feet  of  the  section.  The  sandy  shale  in  the  lower  part  of  the  section, 
which  contains  the  oil-sand,  exhibits  a  quite  persistent  lamination  of  thin 
dark  and  light  layers.  It  is  believed  that  this  feature  may  be  useful  in 
its  identification  in  the  nearest  outcrops.  This  part  of  the  section  prob¬ 
ably  belongs  to  the  Pottsville. 

37.  CRAIG  AND  LOWRIE's  TEST  WELL,  ROBINSON,  CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

The  Craig  and  Lowrie  test  well,  at  Eobinson,  is  located  on  W.  T. 
Highsmittds  farm,  in  the  NE.  ^4  sec.  14,  T.  7  N.,  K.  12  W.  2%  miles 
southeast  of  Eobinson,  Crawford  County. 

Some  cuttings  were  submitted  for  examination  from  the  lower  part 
of  this  well  extending  from  1,576  to  1,940  feet  in  depth.  All  the  sam¬ 
ples  are  evidently  from  the  Mississippian.  The  cherty  rock  at  1,710  and 
1,740  may  be  from  the  Burlington  and  the  brown  rock  in  the  lowest  three 
samples  may  be  from  the  Kinderhook,  but  the  samples  give  no  certain 
evidence  that  such  is  the  case. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Robinson,  Illinois. 

Depth 
in  feet. 

Light  gray  limestone,  effervescing  slowly  for  a  calcareous  rock.  A  small 
unrecognizable  fragment  of  some  fossil  was  noted.  One-fourth  of  the 

material  was  dark  gray  shale  . .  1,575 

Light  gray,  or  white  limestone,  effervescing  slowly  for  a  calcareous  rock. . 

Some  dark  shale  .  1,585 

The  largest  fragments  consist  of  dark  shale.  There  is  also  some  bluish 
green  shale.  Most  of  the  sample  is  a  finely  ground  and  highly  effervescent 
limestone  with  a  shaly  matrix.  The  limestone  has  widely  scattered  bright 
green  specks.  Some  is  dark  gray  and  fi'agmental.  Oolitic  spherules  are 
plentiful.  They  range  from  .125  mm.  to  .5  mm.  in  diameter.  They  are 
oblate,  prolate,  flattened  prolate,  and  spheroid  in  form,  occasionally  united 
in  clusters.  The  limestone  has  occasional  specks  of  pyrite.  A  crinoid  stem 


was  noted.  The  rock  is  decidedly  Mississippian  in  aspect .  1,600 

White  and  grayish  white  calcareous  limestone  .  1,640 

Grayish  white  limestone,  effervescing  very  briskly  with  acid.  Occasional 
spherules  present,  showing  incrustations.  A  small  fragment  of  some  shell 
noted.  Some  greenish  shale  of  very  fine  texture,  and  capable  of  breaking 

into  sharp  splinters  .  1,650 

Yellowish  gray  oolitic  limestone,  with  spherules  mostly  from  .1  to  .3  mm. 
in  diameter.  Some  dark  greenish  black,  shale  present.  Some  cubic  pyrite 

noted  .  1,655 

Light  straw-colored  dolomitic  limestone,  consisting  of  crystals  mostly  from 

.06  mm.  to  .125  mm.  in  diameter  .  1,690 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,700 

—8  G 


114 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  at  Robinson — Concluded. 

Depth 
In  feet. 


Dark  gray  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  white  chert,  some  black  shale, 
and  some  dolomitic  limestone.  The  latter  evidently  from  above.  A  joint 

of  a  crinoid  stem  noted .  1,710 

Gray  dolomitic  limestone  of  fine  texture.  Some  fragments  are  chert  and 

some  gypsum,  as  shown  by  hardness,  fusibility  and  test  for  sulphur .  1,740 

Gray  calcareous  limestone.  Some  fragments  consist  of  accretions  of  sphe¬ 
rules  .25  mm.  in  diameter.  Some  spines  of  brachiopods,  sponge  spicules 
(?),  and  other  fossil  fragments  were  noted  in  the  finest  material.  Bryozoa 

noted  .  1,825 

Brownish  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  some  crinoid  joints .  1,895 

Brownish  gray  calcareous  limestone,  with  some  oolitic  white  rock.  A  few 

slivers  of  black  shale  and  some  crinoid  joints  noted  .  1,920 

Brownish  gray  calcareous  limestone  with  some  rare  white  oolitic  spherules.  .  1,930 


The  limestone  in  the  last  three  samples  is  probably  an  organic  cal¬ 
careous  silt.  In  a  certain  light  under  the  microscope  the  rock  shows  a 
fine  text  resembling  that  of  a  clastic  rock  with  interstitial  cement. 


38.  WELL  NO.  21,  ON  FARM  OF  L.  R.  NEWLIN,  MARTIN  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 

Another  well  of  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  is  in  the  property  of  Mr. 
L.  E.  Newlin  in  the  SW.  SE.  %  sec.  27>  T.  6  N.,  E.  13  W.,  in 

Martin  Township,  Crawford  County.  Its  elevation  is  498  feet  above  sea 
level.  The  last  90  feet  of  the  section  are  probably  in  the  Pottsville. 
The  coal  at  500  feet  is  probably  No.  6. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  Newlin  farm. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Drift  .  1  25 

Dark  limestone,  brown  limestone,  fragments  of  coal  and  yellow  sand.  .  .  25  30 

Dark  limestone  with  sand  .  30  40 

Gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite  .  40  45 

Gray  sandstone,  some  yellow  limestone  and  siderite  .  45  50 

Gray  sandstone  with  some  yellow  limestone.  Pyrite  noted .  50  60 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sand  with  fragments  of  coal  .  60  65 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sand  .  65  70 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  70  75 

Coal  and  some  fire  clay .  75  80 

Gray  micaceous  sand.  A  little  calcareous  substance  in  sand .  80  110 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  sand  .  110  115 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  sand.  A  few  fossil  fragments .  115  120 

Limestone,  fragmental,  organic  crinoid  fragments  and  bryozoa  noted..  120  125 

Light  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  125  130 

Limestone,  in  part  fragmental,  and  some  shale  .  130  135 

Gray  sandy  shale,  with  some  crinoidal  limestone . 135  140 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  with  some  limestone  .  140  145 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  145  150 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  much  dark  clay-iron-stone .  150  155 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  with  embedded  shreds  of  vegetation.  .  155  160 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  .  160  165 

Like  the  preceding  .  165  170 

Fine  grained,  gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  interstitial  calcite .  170  175 

Some  black,  fissile  shale.  Mostly  a  dark  blotched  organic  breccia  lime¬ 
stone,  containing  many  crinoid  stems,  some  small  shells  of  Athyris 

and  some  crinoid  spines .  175  180 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  sandstone  and  coal  .  .  . .  180  185 

Sandstone,  limestone  and  shale  . 185  190 

Micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  laminated  sandy  shale  .  190  195 

Gray  sandstone,  quite  coarse  .  195  200 

Gray  sandstone  .  200  205 

Gray  sandstone  .  205  210 

Micaceous  silty  gray  shale  .  210  215 

Like  the  preceding  .  215  220 

Like  the  preceding  .  220 

Like  the  preceding  .  225  230 

Like  the  preceding  .  230  235 

Like  the  preceding  .  235  240 


WELL  RECORDS. 


115 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  Newlin  form — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  shale,  and  some  dark  shale  .  240  245 

Bellerophone,  Athyris,  a  cyathophyllid,  two  gastropods  .  245  250 

Black  shale  and  coal  .  250  255 

Yellowish  and  gray  concretionary  siderite  and  limestone,  with  some 

fire  clay  and  coal  .  255-  260 

Gray  shale  .  260  265 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  dark  shale  .  265  270 

Gray,  micaceous  sandstone  .  270  275 

Laminated  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture .  275  280 

Gray  shale  and  fire  clay  .  280  285 

Gray  sandstone  .  285  290 

White  sandstone  with  siderite  concretions  .  290  295 

Laminated  sandstone  .  295  300 

Micaceous  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  300  305 

White,  micaseous  sandstone  .  305  310 

Like  the  preceding  .  310  315 

Like  the  preceding  .  315  320 

Like  the  preceding  .  320  325 

Like  the  preceding  . .  325  330 

Gray,  sandy  shale,  micaceous  .  330  335 

Like  the  preceding  .  335  340 

Like  the  preceding  .  340  345 

Gray,  micaceous,  sandy  shale  and  some  dark  gray  shale .  345  350 

Like  the  preceding  with  some  clay  ironstone .  350  355 

Mostly  coal,  some  shale  and  some  fragments  of  concretionary  lime¬ 
stone  . 355  360 

Gray  sandstone  with  siderite  .  360  365 

Gray  sandy  shale,  micaceous  .  365  370 

Like  the  preceding  .  370  375 

Gray  sandstone,  with  some  white  limestone  .  375  380 

Gray  sandstone,  with  interstitial  calcareous  material  and  some  pure 

white  limestone  .  380  385 

Greenish  gray  sandstone  .  385  390 

Gray  sandstone  with  many  concretionary  spherules  about  .5  mm.  in 

diameter  .  390  395 

Gray  sandstone  . . '. .  395  400 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale,  stiff  .  400  405 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  405  410 

Dark  gray  shale  . 410  415 

Dark  shale  and  limestone  with  pyrite,  calcite  and  an  Estheria  (?)...  415  420 

Coal  with  some  limestone  fragments  and  shale  .  420  425 

Coal  and  fire  clay  .  425  430 

Gray  sandstone,  with  some  yellow  fragments  of  concretionary  material  430  435 

Gray  sandstone  .  435  440 

White  sandstone  .  440  445 

Yellowish  white  sandstone  .  445  450 

Dark  shale  .  450  455 

Black  shale  and  coal  .  455  460 

Gray  sandstone,  micaceous  . . .  460  465 

Gray  limestone  and  some  large  quartz  grains  .  465  470 

Gray  sandy  shale,  micaceous  .  470  475 

Sandstone  and  some  limestone  .  475  480 

Shaly  sandstone,  with  some  siderite  concretions  .  480  485 

Black  and  dark  micaceous  shale  .  485  490 

Black  dolomitic  limestone,  with  calcite,  Rhombopora  lepidedendroides 

and  crinoid  stems  .  490  495 

Black  limestone,  with  crinoid  stems,  and  coal  .  495  500 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  intersticial  calcareous  material,  500  505 

Like  the  preceding  .  505  510 

Gray  sandstone  and  a  dirty  yellow  dolomitic  limestone  concretion¬ 
ary  (?)  .  510  515 

Gray  sandy  or  silty  shale,  with  yellow  concretionary  limestone .  515  520 

Gray  silty  shale,  with  embedded  carbonaceous  shreds  .  520  525 

Gray  silty  shale  with  thin  layers  of  shiny  coal  of  silky  lustre.  Coal 

layer  in  one  fragment  adhering  to  the  shale  .  525  530 

Gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  530  535 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  535  540 

Like  the  preceding  .  540  545 

Like  the  preceding  .  545  550 

Like  the  preceding  .  550  555 

Black  shale  and  coal,  mostly  impure  .  555  560 

White  sandstone  of  fine  texture  . 560  565 

Light  gray  shale,  with  many  small  spherical  siderite  concretions .  565  570 

Gray  shale,  with  much  siderite,  in  fragments  and  in  minute  spherical  , 

concretions.  Some  bright  red  fragments  noted  .  570  575 

Shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shale,  gray,  with  siderite  as  in  preceding 

sample  .  575  580 

Sandy  shale,  gray,  with  siderite  fragments  .  580  585 

Gray  sandstone,  some  shale  and  siderite  .  585  590 

Shaly  gray  sandstone  or  sandy  shale  .  590  595 


116 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  Newlin  farm — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Sandstone,  black  shale,  and  “clod”  with  some  coal  and  siderite  con¬ 
cretions  .  595  600 

Like  the  preceding  .  600  605 

Shale  and  shaly  sandstone,  with  fragments  of  siderite  concretions  and 

coal  .  .  605  610 

Greenish  fire  clay  and  shale  . .  610  615 

Shaly  gray  sandstone  .  615  620 

Black  “miner’s”  slate,  with  siderite  concretions  .  620  625 

Black  “miner’s”  slate,  with  sandstone  and  gray  shale  .  625  630 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  &30  635 

Dark  gray,  sandy  shale,  micaceous  . 635  640 

Dark  gray,  sandy  shale,  micaceous  .  640  645 

Gray,  laminated  shaly  sandstone  . .  645  650 

Dark  gra"1  sand*  shale  .  650  655 

Black,  st'  sh^1  ,  almost  “miner’s”  slate  .  655  660 

Like  the  preceding  .  660  665 

Black,  stiff  shale' and  impure  coal  .  665  670 

Black  shale  and  black,  concretionary  limestone  with  fossils .  670  675 

Gray  sand  and  gray  sandy  shale,  with  some  coal .  675  680 

Coal,  with  very  bright  (black)  lustre,  and  fire  clay  .  680  685 

Coal,  of  bright  lustre  and  brownish  earthy  streak,  and  some  fire  clay  685  690 

Gray,  gritty  fire  clay  and  dark  shale  .  690  695 

Gray  shale  .  695  705 

Gray  shale  and  some  siderite  . .  705  710 

Dark  limestone,  some  dark  shale  and  pyrite  .  710  720 

Dark  shale,  some  coal,  and  a  little  dark  limestone  .  725  730 

Dark  shale,  some  dark  limestone,  and  spherulitic  siderite .  720  725 

Dark  shale,  some  coal,  and  spherulitic  siderite  .  730  735 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  and  bits  of  yellow  limestone  .  735  740 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  and  fragments  of  siderite  .  740  745 

Dark  micaceous  shale,  some  siderite,  bits  of  coal  and  limestone .  745  750 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  siderite  .  750  755 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  fire  clay,  coal  and  pyrite .  755  760 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  and  a  litde  shale  .  760  770 

Black  shale  and  some  coarse  sandstone  .  7  70  7  > 

Coal  and  fire  clay,  and  some  gray  shale .  775  780 

Coal  and  fire  clay,  and  some  gray  fire  clay,  with  pyrite .  780  785 

Black  shale,  bits  of  yellow  limestone,  spines  of  brachiopods  and  spheru¬ 
litic  siderite  .  785  790 

White  sandstone  and  black  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  spheru¬ 
litic  siderite  .  790  795 

Dark  shale,  some  little  sandstone,  siderite  and  limestone  .  795  800 

Black  shale  and  some  siderite  .  800  810 

Black  shale  . 810  820 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  sandstone .  820  825 

Dark  and  white  limestone,  some  sandstone  with  infiltered  calcite,  gray 

micaceous  shale,  pyrite  and  some  crinoid  joints  .  825  830 

Dark  and  white  limestone,  with  crinoid  stems  and  pieces  of  shells,  and 

pyrite  .  830  835 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  and  some  dark  and  some  white  calcite .  835  840 

Black,  micaceous  shale,  some  sandstone  and  white  limestone  .  840  845 

Black,  micaceous  shale  .  845  850 

Black,  micaceous  shale,  some  white  sand  and  siderite  .  850  860 

Gray  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  860  865 

Gray  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  and  siderite  .  865  870 

Coarse  gray  sandstone  and  a  little  shale  .' .  870  875 

Gray,  micaceous  sand  .  875  885 

Gray  sand  and  some  dark  shale  .  885  890 

Gray  sand,  white  limestone,  little  shale  and  pyrite  .  890  895 

Gray  sandstone,  bits  of  limestone,  shale,  siderite .  895  905 

Gray,  micaceous  sand  .  905  940 

Gray,  micaceous  sand,  and  some  dark  shale  .  940  945 

Dark  shale  and  gray  sandstone  .  945  950 

Dark,  sandy,  micaceous  shale  .  950  955 


39.  WELL  NO.  9,  ON  C.  T.  COCHRANES  FARM,  MONTGOMERY  TOWNSHIP, 

CRAWFORD  COUNTY. 


Well  No.  9,  on  the  property  of  Mr.  Cochran  is  also  operated  by  the 
Ohio  Oil  Company.  It  is  located  at  the  NE.  cor.  SW.  ^4  sec-  21,  T. 
5  N.,  E.  11  W.,  in  Montgomery  Township,  Crawford  County.  Its  eleva¬ 
tion  is  unknown.  Its  entire  section  is  believed  to  be  in  the  Pennsyl- 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


117 


vanian.  Fusulina  was  found  in  4he  sample  from  556  to  562  feet.  Coal 
No.  6  lay  below. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  Cochran's  farm. 


Yellow  sandstone,  disintegrated  . 

Yellow  sandstone  . 

Yellow  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite  and  oxidized  siderite  con¬ 
cretions  . t . 

Yellow  sandstone  and  concretions  . . . 

Yellow  sandstone,  siderite  concretions  and  some  black  crinoidal  lime¬ 
stone  . . . 

Yellow  sand,  dark  calcareous  limestone  and  siderite  concretions . 

Brown  coarse  sandstone,  dark  limestone,  with  siderite  concretions — 

one  spherical,  half  inch  in  diameter  . v  . . .  . 

Gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite  and  siderite  concretions..  . .. 
Gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite,  and  siderite  concretions..  ..-.-J' .  . 

Dark  gray  shale  .  .... 

Black  shale  . 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  siderite,  a  few  fragments  of  coal  . 

Gray  shale,  siderite  . 

Black  shale  . 

Gray  sandy  shale,  fragments  of  coal  . 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . 

Fine  gray,  laminated,  sandstone,  black  shale  . 

Gray  sandstone,  black  shale,  brown  limestone  . 

Gray  sandstone,  brown  limestone,  black  shale  . 

Brown  limestone,  gray  shale,  gray  sandstone  . 

Gray  shale,  gray  sandstone,  fragments  of  siderite  concretions . 

Gray  laminated  micaceous  sandstone,  siderite  concretions . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone  . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  a  few  pieces  of  coal,  pyrite  and 

siderite  . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  calcite  . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  calcite,  and  frag¬ 
ments  of  black  shale  . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  calcite,  and  frag¬ 
ments  of  impure  coal  . 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  concretions  of  brown  limestone  . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . '. . 

Greenish  gray  shale  with  infiltrated  calcite  . 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  . 

Coarse  gray  sand  . 

Coarse  gray  sand  with  carbonaceous  laminae  . 

Coarse  gray  sand  . 

Coal  and  fire  clay,  a  few  fragments  of  mottled  limestone . 

Gray  sandstone  . 

Gray  sandstone,  limestone  . 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  . . 

Greenish  gray  sandstone  and  gray  calcareous  limestone  . 

Gray  shale  and  calcareous  limestone  . 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  with  some  gray  calcareous  limestone  . 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale  . / . . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  . 

Coarse  gray  sandstone  with  carbonaceous  laminae  . 

Gray  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  . 

Coal,  siderite  concretions,  pyrite  crystals  and  a  few  white  gypsum 

crystals  . 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  . 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite  . 

Gray  shale,  gray  sandstone  . 

Coal,  gray  shale,  dark  limestone,  pyrite,  and  a  few  crinoid  stems  noted 

Coal,  pyrite,  and  a  few  crinoid  stems  noted . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite . 

Coarse  gray  micaceous  sand  . 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  shale,  fragments  of  coal  and  pyrite  . 

Black  shale,  some  limestone,  and  numerous  crinoid  stems  noted . 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  . 

Dark  limestone  with  Chonetes  punctatus,  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides 

and  showing  intensely  green  specks.  Fusulina  present  . . 

Coal,  some  limestone  . 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  pyrite  . 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  . 


Depth  in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

1 

6 

6 

12 

12 

19 

19 

24 

24 

38 

38 

45 

45 

51 

51 
V  58 

58 

64 

r  64 

78 

78 

85 

85 

91 

91 

98 

98 

104 

104 

111 

111 

117 

117 

124 

124 

130 

130 

137 

137 

143 

143 

150 

150 

156 

156 

163 

163 

170 

170 

176 

176 

223 

223 

231 

231 

237 

237 

244 

244 

250 

250 

257 

257 

270 

270 

276 

•  276 

296 

296 

309 

309 

315 

315 

328 

328 

335 

.  335 

341 

341 

348 

348 

361 

361 

367 

367 

374 

374 

380 

380 

387 

387 

413 

413 

419 

419 

432 

432 

439 

439 

445 

445 

452 

452 

465 

465 

471 

471 

478 

478 

497 

497 

504 

504 

510 

510 

523 

523 

530 

530 

536 

536 

543 

543 

549 

549 

556 

556 

562 

562 

569 

569 

575 

575 

582 

118 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  well  on  Cochran’s  farm — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Coarse-  gray  sand  with  fragments  of  black  shale  .  582  588 

Gray  sandstone  with  some  limestone  .  588  595 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  .  595  608 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone  .  608  621 

Gray  shale  .  621  666 

Black  and  gray  shale  .  666  673 

Black  shale  .  673  679 

Brown  limestone,  greenish  red  dolomitic  shaly  limestone  and  very  dark 

gray  shale  .  679  686 

Gray  limestone,  some  gray  shale  and  fragments  of  brown  limestone  ; 

two  small  gasteropods  .  686  692 

Coal,  some  gray  and  brown  limestone  .  692  699 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  699  705 

Gray  shale  .  705  712 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  712  718 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  718  725 

Gray  shale  .  725  731 

Black  shale  .  731  737 

Black  and  gray  shale  .  737  743 

Black  stiff  shale  .  743  750 

Coal,  some  gray  shale  .  750  756 

Coarse  gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite,  fragments  of  coal  and 

gray  shale  .  756  763 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  763  769 

Black  shale,  coarse  gray  sandstone,  fragments  of  coal .  769  775 

Gray  sandy  shale,  black  shale  .  775  781 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  gray  sandstone  with  infiltrated  lime  .  781  787 

Gray  shale  and  gray  micaceous  shale  .  787  793 

Gray  shale  .  793  806 

Black  stiff  shale  . '. .  806  813 

Coal,  fire  clay  .  813  820 

Gray  shale  .  820  834 

Gray  micaceous  sand  and  shale  .  834  840 

Yellow  micaceous  sand  .  840  846 

Gray  shale  .  846  862 

Gray  shale  with  fragments  of  gray  sandstone .  862  873 

Gray  and  black  shale  .  873  884 

Black  shale  .  884  895 

Gray  shale  .  895  906 

Gray  sandstone  with  shreds  of  vegetation  and  a  few  fragments  of  coal  906  912 

Gray  sandstone  with  shreds  of  vegetation  .  912  923 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  923  928 

White  micaceous  sand  with  fragments  of  shale  .  928  934 

Gray  laminated  sandstone  .  934  940 

Gray  laminated  sandstone,  brown  sandstone  .  940  952 

Brown  sandstone  (Note  on  sack  “Oil  952  to  973”),  gray  sandstone...  952  958 

Brown  sandstone,  some  gray  sandstone  . ' .  958  964 

Brown  sandstone,  some  gray  sandstone,  pyrite  .  964  970 

Brown  sandstone,  some  gray  sand .  970  975 


40.  WELL  NO.  4,  ON  FARM  OF  S.  G.  MCLEAVE,  BRIDGEPORT  TOWNSHIP, 

LAWRENCE  COUNTY. 

The  well  for  the  Ohio  Oil  Company  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  McLeave  is 
at  the  center  of  sec.  31,  T.  4  N.,  R.  12  W.,  Bridgeport  Township,  Law¬ 
rence  County.  Its  curb  is  at  an  elevation  of  520  feet  above  sea  level.  Its 
section  to  a  depth  of  1,300  feet  is  through  Pennsylvanian  strata,  with 
the  Pottsville  from  900  feet  to  1,300  feet.  Below  1,300  feet  the  sec¬ 
tion  is  in  the  Mississippian  beds.  The  coal  from  505  feet  to  510  feet 
is  No.  6. 

Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 


Loess  .  1  5 

Like  the  preceding  .  5  19 

Like  the  preceding  .  10  15 

Yellow  limestone  and  coal,  some  calcite,  and  numerous  crinoid  stems..  15  20 

Coal,  yellow  sandstone, some  gray  sandstone  and  crinoidal  limestone. .  20  25 

Coal,  yellow  sandstone,  some  crinoidal  limestone  and  a  few  pieces  of 

calcite  and  red  marl.  Numerous  crinoid  stems .  25  30 


WELL  RECORDS. 


119 


Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite,  some  yellow  sand¬ 
stone,  bits  of  coal  and  calcite .  30  35 

Coal,  some  yellow  and  white  sandstone,  some  pieces  of  crinoidal  lime¬ 
stone  .  35  40 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  and  fire  clay .  40  45 

Coal,  some  crinoidal  limestone,  a  little  red  material.  A  small 

Athyris  shell  noted,  also  a  piece  of  crinoid  calyx  (?) .  45  50 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  a  few  pieces  of  fire  clay  and  coal .  50  55 

White  micaceous  sandstone  .  55  60 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  a  few  pieces  of  dark  shale .  60  65 

Gray  micaceous  laminated  sandstone,  some  fragments  of  yellow  lime¬ 
stone,  some  coal  .  65  70 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  a  few  fragments  of  yellow  limestone  and 

coal  .  70  75 

Yellow  sandstone,  crinoidal  limestone,  some  black  shale  and  pieces  of 

gypsum.  Two  Ambocoelia  planoconvexa  and  a  crinoid  stem  noted  75  30 

Black  shale,  some  dark  limestone,  and  a  few  pieces  of  sandstone. 

A  crinoid  stem  noted  . 80  85 

Gray  limestone  and  coal,  with  some  sandstone  and  shale .  85  90 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  90  95 

Yellow  limestone,  some  gray  sandstone,  and  bits  of  siderite .  95  100 

Yellow  limestone  and  gray  sandstone,  some  siderite  concretions  and 

shale  .  100  105 

Gray  shale  and  fire  clay .  105  110 

Dark  shale,  some  siderite  concretions,  and  bits  of  white  limestone.  .  110  115 

Coal,  some  black  shale,  gray  sandstone,  a  few  bits  of  calcite  and  pyrite  115  120 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  some  dark  shale  and  coal,  some  pieces 

of  yellow  limestone  and  fire  clay  .  120  125 

Dark  shale,  some  coal,  a  few  pieces  of  limestone .  125  130 

Dark  shale,  some  red  oxidized  material,  and  siderite  concretions....  130  135 

Coal,  some  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  gray  sandstone .  135  140 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  coal  and  fire  clay  .  140  145 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  sandstone,  some  siderite  concretions,  a  few 

bits  of  white  limestone  .  145  150 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  a  few  bits  of  siderite  concretions .  150  155 

Siderite,  concretionary,  and  some  gray  micaceous  shale .  155  160 

Coal  and  gray  sandstone,  some  concretionary  siderite,  some  bits  of 

limestone  and  pyrite.  A  crinoid  stem  noted .  160  165 

White ' sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite .  165  170 

Like  the  preceding  . .  .  .  170  175 

Like  the  preceding  .  175  180 

Fine  gray  sand  with  infiltrated  calcite  . -. .  180  185 

Fine  gray  micaceous  sand  with  infiltrated  calcite,  some  gray  shale...  185  190 

Fine  gray  sand  with  infiltrated  lime  .  190  195 

Like  the  preceding  .  195  200 

Fine  gray  micaceous  sand  with  some  infiltrated  calcite . 200  205 

Like  the  preceding  .  205  210 

White  micaceous  sand  .  210  215 

White  micaceous  sand  .  215  220 

Like  the  preceding  .  220  225 

Sand  with  infiltrated  calcite  and  some  coal .  225  230 

Coal,  some  white  limestone  and  black  shale,  some  siderite .  230  235 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  some  bits  of  coal,  pyrite,  and  siderite  235  240 

Yellow  sand  with  infiltrated  calcite;  the  smaller  grains  float  on  water  240  245 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  small  spherules  of  siderite  concre¬ 
tions,  a  few  pieces  of  pyrite  and  white  limestone .  245  250 

Gray  sandstone,  some  siderite  concretions  (spherules),  some  dark 

shale,  and  bits  of  white  limestone  .  250  255 

Dark  sandy  micaceous  shale,  some  gray  sandstone,  and  siderite .  255  260 

Like  the  preceding  .  . . .  260  265 

White  sandstone  .  265  270 

White  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  a  few  pieces  of  gray  shale .  270  275 

White  micaceous  sandstone  .  275  280 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  pieces  of  laminated  sandstone .  280  285 

Like  the  preceding  .  285  290 

Gray  micaceous  sand  .  290  295 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  pieces  laminated .  295  300 

Like  the  preceding  .  300  310 

White  micaceous  sand  .  310  320 

White  limestone,  indistinctly  fragmental,  a  little  sand,  and  some  gray 

shale  .  320  325 

White  limestone  like  the  above,  a  little  dark  shale.  A  crinoid  stem 

noted  .  325  330 

White,  indistinctly  fragmental  limestone.  Some  bits  of  pyrite,  and  a 

crinoid  stem  noted  .  330  335 

Greenish  compact  limestone,  and  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some 

shale  .  335  340 

Gray  shale,  some  sandstone  .  340  345 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  345  350 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  one  piece  containing 

woody  fibre  (?)  .  350  355 


120 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  a  few  siderite  concre¬ 
tions  .  355  360 

Gray  shale,  micaceous  sandy  shale,  and  some  yellow  limestone .  360  365 

Gray  sandstone,  some  laminated  yellow  sandstone,  some  yellow  lime¬ 
stone,  fragments  of  siderite  .  365  370 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone,  some  siderite  concretions .  370  375 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  siderite  concretions.  Carbonaceous  shreds 

noted  in  shale  .  375  380 

Siderite  concretions,  some  sandy  shale  .  380  385 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  concretionary  siderite  and  bits  of  gray  sand¬ 
stone  .  385  390 

Gray  sandstone  and  sandy  shale.  A  few  pieces  of  black  carbonaceous 
shale,  coal,  some  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite,  and  some  crinoid 

stems.  Retzia  punctulifera  noted  .  390  395 

Gray  sandstone,  dark  shale,  some  white  limestone,  concretionary 

siderite.  A  crinoid  stem  and  Athyris  noted.  A  little  coal  present.  .  395  400 

Gray  shale  and  some  sandstone,  concretionary  siderite,  bits  of  pyrite, 

and  a  few  pieces  of  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite .  400  405 

Gray  sandy  shale,  and  some  concretionary  siderite .  405  410 

White  breciated  limestone,  with  cracks  filled  with  yellow  calcite,  some 
yellow  limestone,  some  siderite,  a  little  gray  shale,  and  sandstone, 

with  bits  of  pyrite  .  410  415 

White  limestone,  cracks  filled  with  yellow  calcite,  some  concretionary 

siderite  .  415  420 

White  limestone,  having  cracks  filled  with  yellow  calcite ;  some  yellow 

limestone,  some  gray  soft  shale,  and  a  few  bits  of  coal .  420  430 

White  and  yellow  limestone,  cracks  filled  with  calcite,  some  gray 

sandstone  and  a  few  pieces  of  black  shale .  430  435 

Gray  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  .  435  450 

Dark  gray  shale  and  siderite  concretions  .  450  465 

Dark  shale  and  some  siderite  concretions  .  465  475 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  gray  sandstone,  siderite,  and  a  few  fragments 

of  yellow  limestone  .  475  480 

Gray'  sandy  shale,  some  pieces  of  which  have  layers  of  siderite. 

Yellow  limestone  and  bits  of  pyrite .  480  485 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  gray  sandstone,  few  small  fragments  of 

yellow  limestone  .  485  490 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  490  495 

Dark  shale,  some  siderite  concretions,  a  few  pieces  of  white  lime¬ 
stone  and  pyrite  .  495  500 

Dark  shale,  some  coal  and  concretionary  siderite,  and  a  few  pieces 
of  dark  limestone.  A  crinoid  stem  noted,  also  some  oolitic  black 

concretionary  material  .  500  505 

Dark  shale  and  some  siderite,  a  few  bits  of  white  limestone,  coal,  and 
pvrite.  Crinoid  stem  and  closely  tuberculated  crinoid  pinnule 
noted,  also  a  spiral  Amvxodiscus,  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides,  and 

black  shale  with  fucoidal  traversions  .  505  510 

Dark  shale,  some  siderite,  white  limestone  fragments,  and  bits  of  coal 
and  pyrite.  Crinoid  stems  and  a  small  Syntrielasma  hemiplicata 

noted  .  510  515 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  gray  sandstone  and  yellow  limestone...  515  520 

Gray  micaceous  ^hale,  some  sandstone,  some  pieces  of  yellow  lime¬ 
stone  .  520  525 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  525  530 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  530  535 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  siderite  .  535  540 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  siderite,  and  a  few  bits  of  yellow  lime¬ 
stone  . 540  545 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  yellow  sandstone,  bits  of  yellow  limestone  and 

pyrite  .  545  550 

Black  shale  with  streaks  of  pyrite,  some  siderite  concretions,  and 

bits  of  white  limestone  .  550  555 

Black  shale,  some  siderite  concretions,  and  white  limestone.  Crinoid 

stem  noted  .  555  560 

Black  shale  and  a  few  siderite  concretions  .  560  565 

Yellow  concretionary  limestone  and  black  shale.  Some  siderite.  More 

shale  than  limestone  . 565  570 

White  and  yellow  concretionary  limestone,  some  dark  shale  and  sand¬ 
stone,  bits  of  pure  calcite,  and  pyrite.  More  shale  than  limestone.  .  570  575 

Black  carbonaceous  shale  and  coal,  some  white  limestone  and  siderite, 

and  some  bits  of  pyrite  .  575  580 

Dark  shale,  some  pieces  of  yellow  limestone  .  580  595 

Dark  shale,  some  pieces  of  yellow  limestone  and  white  sandstone.  A 

few  pieces  of  calcite  .  595  600 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  some  yellow  limestone  with  layers  of 

calcite,  and  some  sandy  shale  .  600  605 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  bits  of  white  sandstone  and 

pyrite  .  605  610 

Gra v  sandy  shale,  some  pieces  of  dark  limestone,  and  bits  of  pvrite..  610  615 

Dark  sandy  shale,  some  pieces  of  pyrite .  615  620 


WELL  RECORDS. 


121 


Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  some  pieces  of  yellow  limestone,  and 

siderite  concretions  .  620  625 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  pieces  of  yellow  limestone  and  siderite.  A 

crinoid  stem  noted .  625  630 

Gray  shale  .  630  635 

Gray  shale,  few  siderite  concretions,  and  crinoid  stems .  635  640 

Gray  sandy  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  concretionary  carbonate 

of  iron  . ' .  640  645 

Gray  shale,  some  coal,  and  siderite .  645  650 

Soft  gray  shale,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  siderite .  650  655 

White  limestone,  some  “clod”  and  some  sandstone .  655  660 

Black  “clod,”  some  yellow  limestone,  and  soft  gray  shale .  660  665 

“Clod”  with  little  white  limestone  and  crinoid  stems .  665  675 

“Clod,”  crinoid  stems,  an  Edmondia  (?),  with  some  white  limestone..  675  680 

Gray  shale,  yellow  limestone,  and  some  “clod” .  680  685 

Yellow  limestone  and  gray  sandstone,  some  concretionary  siderite 

and  gray  shale  .  685  690 

Soft  gray  shale,  yellow  limestone,  and  some  sandstone .  690  695 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  yellow  and  white  limestone,  some  “clod,” 

and  some  pyrite  . 695  700 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  siderite,  some  white  limestone,  pieces  of 

calcite,  with  some  sandstone  .  700  705 

Gray,  sandy  shale,  some  black  shale,  and  siderite  with  a  few  pieces 


Gray  sandy  shale,  some  coal,  and  siderite. .  710  715 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  black  carbonaceous  shale .  715  720 

Coal  and  some  fire  clay  . 720  725 

Black  shale  .  725  735 

Hard  black  shale  .  735  740 

Black  shale,  a  little  white  sandstone .  740  745 

Gray  sandstone,  some  black  pyritiferous  shale,  and  yellow  limestone  745  750 

Gray  sandstone,  bits  of  yellow  limestone .  750  755 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  pieces  laminated,  and  bits  of  yellow 

limestone  .  755  760 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone,  some  imprints  of  leaves  in  shale .  760  765 

Dark  shale,  some  sandstone,  laminated  and  micaceous,  bits  of  yellow 

limestone  .  765  770 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  dark  shale,  some  yellow  limestone....  770  780 

Gray  micaceous  sandstorte,  some  dark  shale,  few  bits  of  limestone...  780  785 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  some  dark  shale  .  785  790 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  bits  of  yellow  limestone  and  siderite....  790  795 

Black  micaceous  shale  .  795  800 

Gray  shale  and  some  black  micaceous  shale .  800  805 

Gray  shale  with  some  imprints  of  vegetation  .  805  810 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  some  pieces  of  yellow  limestone .  810  815 

Dark  shale,  some  fragments  of  yellow  limestone .  815  820 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  shale,  bits  of  yellow  limestone 

(small)  .  820  825 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  little  shale  and  limestone .  825  835 

Gray  sandstone,  with  concretionary  yellow  limestone .  835  840 

Gray  sandstone,  some  yellow  limestone,  and  white  limestone,  with 

some  pieces  of  dark  limestone  .  840  845 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  gray  shale,  and  a  few  pieces  of  yellow 

limestone  .  845  850 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  gray  sandstone,  few  pieces  of  yellow  limestone 

and  yellow  calcite.  Crinoid  stems  and  a  piece  of  shell  noted .  850  855 

Black  shale  and  a  little  white  limestone.  Crinoid  stems  and  a  piece 

of  brachiopod  shell  noted  .  855  860 

Black  shale  and  a  little  yellow  limestone.  Piece  of  shell  and  crinoid 

stem  noted  .  860  865 

Black  shale,  few  pieces  of  yellow  and  white  limestone .  865  870 

Black  shale,  some  concretionary  siderite  and  bits  of  yellow  limestone  870  875 

Black  shale  and  some  gray  shale  .  875  880 

Black  shale,  some  siderite,  and  gray  sandstone .  880  885 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  few  pieces  of  shale .  885  890 

Gray  sandstone,  few  pieces  of  yellow  limestone  and  dark  shale .  890  895 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  sandstone  .  895  900 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  900  905 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  dark  shale  .  905  910 

Dark  and  gray  micaceous  shale  .  910  915 

Dark  gray,  shale  and  a  few  pieces  of  white  limestone .  915  920 

Dark  gray  shale,  bits  of  limestone  and  pyrite  .  920  925 

Black  shale  .  925  93o 

Black  shale  and  some  fire  clay,  bits  of  sandstone .  930  935 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  dark  sandy  shale .  935  940 

Dark  shale  and  sandstone,  bits  of  yellow  limestone .  940  945 

Dark  sandy  shale  and  sandstone  .  945  950 

Dark  shale,  some  sandy  shale  .  950  955 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  .  955  909 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  and  sandstone  .  900  970 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone,  some  black  shale .  970  975 


122 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale,  bits  of  yellow  limestone .  975  980 

White  micaceous  sand,  little  dark  shale  .  980  985 

White  micaceous  sand,  some  dark  laminated  shale .  985  990 

Gray  sandstone  and  some  dark  micaceous  shale.  Sandstone  with  in- 

filtered  calcite,  some  pieces  of  laminated  sandstone .  990  995 

White  micaceous  sand,  some  dark  shale  .  995  1,000 

White  micaceous  sand,  little  dark  shale  .  1,000  1,005 

Gray  micaceous  sand  .  1,005  1,010 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  dark  shale  . 1,010  1,015 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  1,015  1,025 

Gray  shale  .  1,025  1,035 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,035  1,040 

White  micaceous  sand,  grains  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in 

diameter  .  1,040  1,045 

White  micaceous  sand  .  1,045  1,065 

White  micaceous  sand  with  a  little  infiltered  calcite .  1,065  1,070 

White  micaceous  sand  with  some  infiltered  lime,  a  little  dark  shale..  1,070  1,080 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  shale  .  1,080  1,085 

White  micaceous  sand  with  some  infiltered  calcite .  1,085  1,090 

Yellow  micaceous  sand  .  1,090  1,125 

Yellow  sand  .  1,125  1,130 

Yellow  sand,  showing  secondary  enlargement  of  grains .  1,130  1,135 

Yellow  sand  .  1,135  1,140 

Yellow  sand  and  some  dark  shale  .  1,140  1,145 

Gray  sand  with  some  secondary  enlargement  of  crystals .  1,145  1,150 

White  sand,  very  fine  .  1,150  1,155 

White  sand  . 1,155  1,160 

Fine  white  sand  .  1,160  1,165 

White  sand  and  some  gray  shale  .  1,165  1,170 

Fine  white  sand  .  1,170  1,175 

Fine  white  sand  with  some  infiltrated  calcite  .  1,175  1,180 

Yellow  sand  .  1,180  1,190 

Yellowish  sand  with  infiltrated  calcite  .  1,190  1,210 

White  sand,  grains  mostly  from  .125  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter .  1,210  1,215 

Fine  white  sand  .  1,215  1,230 

White  sand,  some  grains  show  secondary  enlargement .  1,230  1,235 

White  sand  .  1,235  1,250 

White,  fine,  sand  .  1,250  1,280 

Yellowish  sand  .  1,280  1,290 

Yellow  sand  and  some  white  limestone  .  1,290  1,300 

White  limestone  and  sand  .  1,300  1,305 

Like  the  preceding  but  with  more  calcite .  1,305  1,310 

Greenish  shale  with  some  flakes  of  mica,  some  white  and  dark  lime¬ 
stone.  Some  imprints  of  leaves  .  1,310  1,315 

Greenish  shale  or  a  fire  clay,  some  limestone,  and  bits  of  pyrite. 

Imprints  of  vegetation  .  1,315  1,320 

Gray  sandstone,  some  pieces  of  pyrite,  and  greenish  shale  like  in 

the  preceding  .  1,320  1,325 

Gray  sandstone  with  some  flakes  of  mica .  1,325  1,330 

A  tangled  organic  oolitic  limestone  breccia  and  some  sandstone .  1,330  1,335 

A  tangle  of  organic  oolitic  limestone,  effervescence  brisk.  Some 

.  greenish  shale  and  sand,  bits  of  pyrite  .  1,335  1,345 

A  tangled  organic  oolitic  limestone,  some  pieces  of  green  and  red 

shale  .  1,345  1,350 

Oolitic  limestone,  some  dark  shale,  bits  of  green  and  red  shale  and 

two  pieces  of  chert .  1,350  1,355 

A  tangled  organic  oolitic  limestone  breccia,  some  black  greenish  and 

brown  shale  .  1,355  1,370 

Black  shale  and  limestone,  like  that  of  the  preceding  sample .  1,370  1,375 

Black  shale  and  some  oolitic  limestone,  effervescence  brisk .  1,375  1,380 

Black  and  green  shale,  white  limestone  .  1,380  1,390 

Black  shale  and  some  sandstone  .  1,390  1,395 

Black  shale  and  little  sandstone  .  1,395  1,400 

Greenish  and  red  shale,  some  limestone,  effervescence  brisk.  Bits  of 

chert  and  pyrite  .  1,400  1,405 

Dark  shale  and  some  reddish  colored  limestone,  effervescing  briskly.  .  1,405  1,410 

Dark  and  reddish  brown  shale,  some  gray  limestone  .  1,410  1,415 

Dark  shale  and  some  gray  limestone,  a  little  red  shale .  1,415  1,420 

Black  shale  and  a  little  limestone  . 1,420  1,425 

Black  marly  shale  and  some  white  limestone.  Bits  of  pyrite  and  red 

shale  .  1,425  1,435 

White  limestone,  some  black  marly  shale  and  red  shale ;  numerous 

crinoid  stems  .  1,435  1,440 

Black  shale,  some  marly  shale  and  white  limestone,  crinoid  stems  and 

pieces  of  shells  .  1,440  1,445 

White  limestone  and  dark  shale  .  1,445  1,450 

White  limestone  and  dark  shale;  some  yellow  sandstone .  1,450  1,455 

Grayish  yellow  sandstone  with  infiltered  calcite,  some  dark  shale  and 

white  limestone  .  1,455  1,470 

Gray  sandstone,  some  black  shale  . 1,470  1,475 


WELL  RECORDS. 


123 


Description  of  samples  from  McLeave  well — Concluded. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Red  shale,  some  greenish  sandstone  with  infiltered  calcite,  and  little 

gray  sandstone  .  1,475  1,480 

Dark  sandy  calcareous  shale,  some  white  limestone  and  red  shale....  1,480  1,485 

Coarse  gray  sand  and  some  black  shale  .  1,485  1,490 

Coarse  gray  sand  .  1,490  1,500 

White  sandstone  with  infiltered  calcite  and  some  dark  shale .  1,500  1,515 

Gray  sandstone  and  a  little  dark  shale .  1,515  1,535 

Black  shale  .  1,535  1,550 

Black  shale,  some  yellowish  sandstone  with  infiltered  calcite .  1,550  1,560 

Black  shale  and  white  limestone.  A  few  fragments  of  shells .  1,560  1,565 

Black  shale  and  white  sandstone,  and  little  limestone .  1,565  1,585 

Black  shale,  white  limestone,  effervescence  brisk,  and  some  sand....  1,585  1,590 

Black  shale  and  some  white  fragmental  limestone,  a  crinoid  stem 

noted  .  1,590  1,595 

Black  shale  .  1,595  1,600 

Black  shale  and  little  limestone  .  1,600  1,605 

Black  shale,  some  sandstone,  and  white  limestone .  1,605  1,610 

Gray  sand,  white  limestone,  and  a  little  dark  shale .  1,610  1,620 

White  limestone  and  dark  shale  .  1,620  1,625 

Black  shale  and  little  limestone  .  1,625  1,645 

Black  shale  and  some  limestone.  A  crinoid  stem  noted .  1,645  1,650 

Black  shale  and  some  limestone  .  1,650  1,660 

Black  shale  .  1,660  1,665 

Black  and  red  shale,  some  white  limestone .  1,665  1,670 

Black  shale,  some  red  shale  and  oolitic  limestone,  effervescing  briskly  1,670  1,680 

Greenish  and  reddish  shale,  some  oolitic  limestone .  1,680  1,685 

Greenish  shale,  some  red  shale  and  oolitic  limestone .  1,685  1,690 

Oolitic  limestone,  a  little  sand  and  greenish  shale .  1,690  1,710 

Oolitic  limestone  .  1,710  1,740 

Oolitic  limestone,  little  greenish  shale,  and  bits  of  pyrite .  1,740  1*,745 


The  writer’s  interpretation  of  the  above  section  is  as  below: 


Coal  No.  6  . . . 
Pennsylvanian 
Pottsville 
Mississippian 


Feet  below 
surface. 
505-  510 
0-  900 
900-1,300 
1,300-1,745 


41.  WELL  NO.  2,  ON  FARM  OF  W.  B.  GRAY,  BRIDGEPORT  TOWNSHIP, 

LAWRENCE  COUNTY. 

The  Ohio  Oil  Company’s  well  No.  2,  on  the  farm  of  W.  B.  Gray  is 
in  the  SW.  %  sec.  7,  T.  3  N.?  R.  12  W.,  Bridgeport  Township,  Law¬ 
rence  County.  Its  elevation  above  sea  level  is  495  feet.  The  set  of 
samples  from  this  well  is  very  full.  From  a  careful  study  of  these  it  is 
evident  that  the  top  of  the  Chester  is  at  the  depth  of  450  feet. 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray  well. 


Yellow  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  quartz  pebbles  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

White  micaceous  sandstone  with  shreds  of  carbonaceous  matter.  . . . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

White  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some  fragments  of  siderite  and  pyrite 

Gray  sandstone,  with  shreds  of  vegetation  . 

Grav  sandy  shale  . 

Black  shale  and  some  gray  sandstone  . 

Black  micaceous  shale  . 

“Clod,”  with  numerous  crinoid  stems  . 

Black  shale  and  “clod”  . 

Coal  and  “clod”  . 

Coal,  fragments  of  siderite  concretions,  limestone  and  some  g 

sandstone  . 

Gray  sandy  shale  . 


Depth  in  feet. 

From. 

To. 

1 

5 

5 

10 

10 

15 

15 

20 

20 

25 

25 

30 

s  30 

35 

35 

40 

40 

45 

45 

50 

50 

55 

55 

60 

60 

65 

65 

70 

70 

75 

75 

80 

124 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Black  shale,  “clod,”  some  coal  and  some  pure  calcite .  80  85 

Like  the  preceding  .  85  90 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  coal  with  calcite  .  90  95 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  95  100 

Black  shale,  with  a  few  crinoid  joints  .  100  105 

Black  shale  .  105  no 

Black  shale  with  some  limestone  .  110  115 

Black  shale  .  115  120 

Hard  black  shale  .  120  125 

Like  the  preceding  .  125  130 

Black  shale  .  130  135 

Black  micaceous  shale  .  135  140 

Gray  micaceous  sand,  with  some  black  shale  .  140  145 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  infiltrated  calcite,  and  shreds  of 

carbonaceous  matter  .  145  150 

Like  the  preceding  .  150  155 

Gray  micaceous  sand  .  155  160 

Like  the  preceding  .  160  165 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  165  170 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  ...  .  170  175 

Like  the  preceding  .  175  180 

Like  the  preceding  .  180  185 

Like  the  preceding  .  185  190 

Like  the  preceding  .  190  195 

Like  the  preceding  .  195  200 

Like  the  preceding  . • .  200  205 

Gray  sandstone,  some  black  shale,  and  a  little  limestone .  205  210 

Black  shale  and  gray  sandstone,  with  a  little  limestone  .  210  215 

Dull  bluish  green  shale,  with  some  yellowish  limestone  (from  concre¬ 
tions?)  .  215  220 

Lik6  the  preceding,  with  fossils  in  concretionary  limestone .  220  225 

Shale,  light  green,  gray,  smooth .  225  230 

Like  the  preceding  .  230  235 

Like  the  preceding  .  235  240 

Greenish  gray  micaceous  shale  .  240  245 

Light  greenish  gray  shale,  smooth  .  245  250 

Light  greenish  gray  micaceous  shale  .  250  255 

Like  the  preceding  .  255  260 

Like  the  preceding  .  260  265 

Gray  micaceous  sandy  shale  .  265  270 

Gray,  rather  coarse  sandstone  with  occasional  red,  pink,  green  and 

black  grains  .  270  275 

Like  the  preceding,  all  crushed .  275  280 

Fire  clay,  fragments  of  concretions,  sandstone,  and  some  shreds  of 

carbonaceous  material  .  280  285 

Fire  clay  .  285  290 

Greenish  blue  shale,  with  concretionary  yellow  limestone .  290  295 

Black  shale,  with  some  bits  of  coal  .  295  300 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  infiltrated  calcite.  Some  black  shale 

and  coal  . .  300  305 

.Gray  sandstone,  in  part  laminated,  with  small  siderite  concretions...  305  310 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  with  small  siderite  concretions .  310  315 

Gray  sandstone  with  some  black  shale  .  315  320 

Dirty  white  limestone,  and  some  sand.  Pyrite,  crinoid  joints,  and  spine 

of  a  Productus  noted  . 320  325 

Limestone  and  some  shale  .  325  330 

Limestone  of  light  color,  some  gray  shale  and  pyrite.  Limestone  seems 

to  be  concretionary  .  330  335 

Gray  shale  and  black  shale,  with  yellow  concretiomnary  limestone...  335  340 

Gray  shale,  with  some  concretionary  limestone  .  340  345 

Like  the  preceding  . 345  350 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  yellow  concretionary  limestone  .  350  355 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  some  pyrite .  355  360 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  white  limestone  and  pyrite  .  360  365 

Dark  gray  shale  .  365  370 

Dark  shale  .  370  375 

Dark  shale  .  375  380 

Dark  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  siderite  concretions .  380  385 

Like  the  preceding  .  385  390 

Sandstone,  shale  and  coal  .  390  395 

Shale,  with  some  sandstone  and  coal  .  395  400 

Greenish  gray  shale  .  400  405 

Olive  colored  shale  .  405  410 

Laminated  sandy  shale  .  410  415 

Sandy  gray  shale  . ' .  415  420 

Shale,  stony,  olive  colored  .  420  425 

Gray  shale  .  425  430 

Dark  shale,  almost  black  .  430  435 

Gray  shale .  435  440 

Gray  shale  .  440  445 

Gray  shale  .  445  450 


WELL  RECORDS. 


125 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  shale  .  450  455 

Gray  shale  .  455  460 

Gray  shale,  coal  and  concretionary  fragments  .  460  465 

Gray  fire  clay,  coal  and  shale  .  465  470 

Gray  shale  and  gray  concretionary  limestone,  impure,  with  iron  car¬ 
bonate  and  with  pyrite  .  470  475 

Limestone,  concretionary  and  shale  .  475  480 

Gray  shaly  fire  clay  and  concretionary  limestone,  effervescing  slowly.  .  480  485 

Gray  concretionary  siderite  .  485  490 

Gray  shale,  with  much  concretionary,  impure,  limestone  or  siderite.  ...  490  495 

Like  the  preceding. 

N.  B. — Samples  475-515  are  essentially  alike.  The  material  with 
the  shale  is  a  concretionary  carbonate  apparently  of  calcium  and 
iron.  It  is  yellow  or  gray,  and  it  effervesces  very  slowly.  Sam¬ 
ples  contain  as  much  of  the  concretionary  limestone  as  of  the  shale  495  500 

Concretionary  impure  limestone  and  shale  .  500  505 

Dark  gray  shale  with  much  concretionary  impure  limestone  and 

siderite.  Fucoidal  traversions  on  the  shale  . 505  510 

Like  the  preceding  .  510  515 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  siderite  .  515  520 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  some  coal  and  siderite .  520  525 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  with  some  coal  .  525  530 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  bits  of  coal  .  530  535 

Gray  sandstone,  laminated  and  with  minute  spherules  of  siderite .  535  540 

Gray  shale,  with  some  sandy  shale  and  some  black  shale .  540  545 

Dark  stony  shale  .  545  550 

Dark  micaceous  shale,  with  some  limestone.  Crinoid  stem  noted .  550  555 

Dark  gray  shale  .  555  560 

Dark  micaceous  shale  and  clod,  with  Productus .  560  565 

Gray  shale  . 565  570 

Very  dark  shale  and  “clod”  .  570  575 

Black  ^play  shale,  with  “clod”  .  575  580 

Greenish  gray,  micaceous,  sandy,  shale  .  580  585 

Like  the  preceding  .  585  590 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  590  595 

Like  the  preceding  .  595  600 

Like  the  preceding  . 600  605 

Greenish  gray  clayey  shale  .  605  610 

Like  the  preceding  .  610  615 

Black  stony  shale  and  some  red  clay  shale  .  615  620 

Very  dark  stony  shale  .  620  625 

Dark  cheeky  shale  or  fire  clay  .  625  630 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  630  635 

Dark  shale  or  fire  clay,  with  imprints  of  leaf  .  • .  635  640 

Dark  hard  shale,  slightly  micaceous  .  640  645 

Gray  shale,  with  some  siderite  .  645  650 

Gray  shale  .  650  655 

Gray  shale  and  some  gray  sandstone  .  655  660 

Hard  gray  shale,  with  a  few  pieces  of  sandstone .  660  665 

Hard  gray  shale,  with  a  few  pieces  of  siderite  .  665  670 

Dark  and  hard  shale  . 670  675 

Dark,  hard  shale  .  675  680 

Like  the  preceding  .  680  685 

Coal  -and  dark  shale,  with  some  siderite  and  pyrite  .  685  690 

Coal,  with  some  shale  and  some  siderite  .  690  695 

Dark  shale  and  some  siderite,  coal,  and  pyrite ;  a  fragment  of  shell 

noted  .  695  700 

Gray  shale  and  coal,  with  concretions  of  siderite ;  and  black  shale, 

with  leaf  imprints,  calcareous  .  700  705 

Calcareous  gray  shale,  fire  clay  and  coal  .  705  710 

Gray  shale  and  fire  clay,  calcareous  . 710  715 

Like  the  preceding,  with  pyritized  wood  .  715  720 

Gray  clay  shale,  fine  in  texture  .  720  725 

Black  shale,  sandstone,  and  coal .  725  730 

Gray  sandstone  and  dark  gray  sandy  shale . 730  735 

Like  the  preceding  . 735  740 

Gray  sandstone,  and  shale  .  740  745 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  745  750 

Sandstone  and  gray  shale  .  750  755 

Black  miner’s  slate  .  755  760 

Dark  shale,  carrying  much  pyrite  .  760  765 

Gray  shale,  impregnated  with  small  pyrite  crystals  .  765  770 

Gray  shaly,  sandstone,  and  black  shale .  770  775 

Coal,  sandstone  and  some  yellow  limestone,  apparently  from  a  solid 

stratum  .  775  780 

Gray  micaceous  and  sandy  shale,  some  red  clay  shale  . .  780  785 

Gray  shale,  coaly  shale,  and  shaly  coal,  with  gray  limestone  and  frag¬ 
ments  of  concretionary  siderite  .  785  790 

Gray  clay  shale,  with  some  concretionary  fragments  .  790  795 

Gray  shale,  some  black  shale  and  siderite  concretions .  795  800 

Gray  shale,  some  black  carbonaceous  shale  and  some  fire  clay .  800  805 


126 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray  well — Continued. 


Depth  in  feet. 

'  From.  To. 

Gray  shale,  some  black  coaly  shale,  a  few  bits  of  white  limestone  and 

minute  concretionary  spherules  of  siderite  .  805  810 

Gray  shale  containing  many  minute  spherules  of  siderite  and  some 

white  limestone  .  810  815 

Dark  shale  and  fire  clay  .  815  820 

Like  the  preceding  .  820  825 

Like  the  preceding  .  825  820 

Dark  shale  with  some  imprints  of  vegetation  .  830  835 

Dark  shale  and  some  sandstone,  with  some  minute  spherules  of  siderite  835  840 

Black  shale  and  gray  shale,  with  some  sandstone,  some  minute  sphe¬ 
rules  of  siderite,  and  a  few  bits  of  limestone .  840  845 

Black  shale,  some  sandstone  and  some  pieces  of  siderite .  845  850 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  850  855 


Black  hard  shale,  with  pyrite,  shell  of  Retzia  (?),  some  sponge  spi¬ 
cules,  and  a  few  bits  of  white  limestone  .  855  860 

Black  stony  shale,  with  pyrite .  860  865 

Black  shale,  with  pyrite  and  pieces  of  siderite .  865  870 

Like  the  preceding  .  870  875 

Black  shale  and  white  fine  grained  sandstone,  laminated,  with  a  few 

small  pieces  of  very  white  limestone .  875  880 

Gray  laminated  sandstone  and  black  shale  .  880  885 

Like  the  preceding  .  885  890 

Black  shale  and  laminated  sandstone,  with  some  grayish  soft  material 

and  a  few  bits  of  white  limestone  .  890  895 

Coal,  with  some  gray  limestone  .  895  900 

Gray  sandy  shale  and  fragments  of  concretionary  siderite,  with  some 

coal  .  900  905 


Black  shale  and  gray  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  yellow  limestone 

and  concretionary  material  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  a  little  limestone,  and  some  green,  serpentine¬ 
like  shale  . . . . . 

Dark  gray  shale  and  greenish  shale  with  red  blotches,  and  a  few 

fragments  of  limestone  . 

Dark  gray  shale  and  gray  sandy  shale . 

Gray  sandy  shale,  with  minute  crystals  of  pyrite  . 

Dark  gray  shale  and  gray  sandstone,  with  shreds  of  vegetation . 

Dark  gray  shale  and  sandstone . 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  . 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale,  pyritiferous  . 

Dark  gray  sandy  shale  . 

Gray  clay  shale  . 

Gray  shale  and  limestone.  The  limestone  is  white,  and  consists  of 
rounded  fragments,  which  are  invested  with  an  oolitic  incrustation 

Dark  and  stony  thin-splitting  shale  and  light  sandstone . 

White  and  gray  sandstone  and  dark  gray  shale.  Sandstone  occasion¬ 
ally  with  interstitial  pyrite  . 

Dark  gray  shale  and  white  sandstone  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture  . 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  siderite  partly  in  fragments,  partly  as 

spherules  . 

Dark  gray  sandstone  and  dark  shale  . 

Dark  shaly  sandstone  and  black  shale . 

Black  shale  with  many  fragments  of  siderite . 

Black  shale  . . . 

Black  shale,  and  gray  limestone,  which  contains  a  tangle  of  tubes 

of  Ammodiscus  . 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale,  with  limestone  as  above . 

White,  gray  sandstone  and  gray  shale  . 

White,  slightly  micaceous  sandstone,  and  gray  shale . 

Gray  laminated  shaly  sandstone  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

•  Gray  sandstone  . 

Gray  laminated  sandstone  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Laminated  gray  sandstone  and  white  sandstone  . 

White  sandstone  . 

White  sandstone  . 

White  sandstone  . 

Yellow  sandstone  . 

Coarse  white  sand  . 

Coarse  white  sand  . 

Yellow  sand  . 

Yellow  sand  . 

Red  sand  . 

Reddish  sand  . 

White  sand  . 


905  910 

•  910  915 

915  920 

920  925 

925  930 

930  935 

935  940 

940  945 

945  95® 

950  955 

955  960 

960  965 

965  970 

970  975 

975  980 

980  985 

985  990 

990  995 

995  1,000 
1,000  1,005 

1,005  1,010 
1,010  1,015 
1,015  1,020 
1,020  1,025 
1,025  1,030 

1,030  1,035 
1,035  1,040 
1,040  1,045 
1,045  1,050 
1,050  1,055 
1,055  1,060 
1,060  1,065 
1,065  1,070 
1,070  1,075 
1,075  1,080 
1,080  1,085 

1,085  1,090 
1,090  1,095 
1,095  1,100 
1,100  1,105 
1,105  1,110 
1,110  1,115 
1,115  1,120 
1,120  1,125 
1,125  1,130 
1,130  1,135 
1,135  1,140 


WELL  RECORDS. 


127 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray 


well — Continued. 


Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


White  sand  . 

White  sand  . 

White  sand  . 

White  sand  . 

White  sand  . 

Reddish  sand  . 

Pinkish  sand . 

Gray  sand  . 

Gray  sand  . 

White  sand  . 

Grayish  white  sand  . 

Black  shale,  with  some  few  small  fragments  of  red  shale . 

Black  shale  and  sand,  with  pyrite . 

Gray  fire  clay  with  shreds  of  vegetation . . 

Black  clay  shale,  gray  sand  . 

Black  shale,  gray  fire  clay-like  shale,  with  shreds  of  vegetation  and 

sandstone  . 

Dark  fire  clay-like  shale,  with  shreds  of  vegetation  and  some  gray 

shale  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Fire  clay,  dark  shale,  and  sandstone . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Gray  shale  and  sand  . 

Gray  fire  clay,  and  gray  sandstone,  with  spherules  of  siderite . 

Black  stony  shale,  with  large  fragments  of  pyrite  and  some  gray 

compact  siliceous  rock  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Black  shreds  showing  shreds  of  vegetation  and  some  gray  rock . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Laminated  dark  and  gray,  sandy  and  stony,  shale,  showing  mica  and 

and  shreds  of  vegetation,  very  much  comminuted . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Black  shale  with  pyrites  and  some  sandstone . 

Coarse  sand  showing  secondary  enlargement  of  grains,  with  some 

black  shale  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding.  Mechanical  analysis  of  the  sand  gives  results 
as  follows : 


Diameter  of  grains 
in  mm. 


Percentage  of  total 
sample. 


1 —  .5  .  5 

.5 —  .25  .  10 

.25 — .125  .  80 

.125  .  5 

Like  the  preceding  . 


Gray  sand,  of  somewhat  finer  texture  than  the  preceding . 

Gray  coarse  sandstone  and  some  black  shale . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding,  but  with  finer  sand . . 

Coarse  sand  and  some  gray  shale  . 

Sand,  white  . 

Like  the  preceding  . . . 

White  sand.  The  mechanical  analysis  of  this  sample  is  about  as 
below : 

Diameter  of  grains  Percentage  of  total 

in  mm.  sample. 


1—  .5  .  3 

.5 —  .25  .  6 

.25— .125  .  85 

.125  .  6 


White  and  black  shale  . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding  . . . . 

Like  the  preceding  . 

Like  the  preceding,  laminated 

Like  the  preceding  . 

White  sand  . 

White  sand  . 


1,140 

1,145 

1,150 

1,155 

1,160 

1,165 

1,170 

1,175 

1,180 

1,185 

1,190 

1,195 

1,200 

1,205 

1,210 

1,215 

1,220 

1,225 

1,230 

1,255 

1,240 

1,245 

1,250 

1,255 

1,260 

1,270 

1,275 

1,280 

1,285 

1,290 

1,295 

1,300 

1,305 

1,310 

1,315 

1,320 

1,325 

1,330 

1,335 

1,340 

1,345 

1,350 

1,355 


1,360 

1,365 

1,370 

1,375 

1,380 

1,385 

1,390 

1,395 

1,400 


1,405 

1,410 

1,415 

1,420 

1,425 

1,430 

1,435 

1,435 

1,440 


1,145 

1,150 

1,155 

1,160 

1,165 

1,170 

1,175 

1,180 

1,185 

1,190 

1,195 

1,200 

1,205 

1,210 

1,215 

1,220 

1,225 

1,230 

1,235 

1,240 

1,245 

1,250 

1,255 

1,260 

1,270 

1,275 

1,280 


1,285 

1,290 

1,295 

1,300 

1,305 

1,310 

1,315 

1,320 

1,325 

1,330 

1,335 

1,340 

1,345 

1,350 

1,355 

1,360 


1,365 

1,370 

1,375 

1,380 

1.385 

1,390 

1,395 

1,400 

1,405 


1,410 

1,415 

1,420 

1,425 

1,430 

1,435 

1,440 

1,440 

1,445 


128 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


#  JffrF 

Description  of  samples  from  Gray  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

White  sand.  (A  change  in  texture  noted  here) .  1,450  1,455 

Fine  reddish  sand  .  1,455  1,460 

Fine  gray  sand  .  1,460  1,465 

Fine  yellow  sand  . . .  1,465  1,470 

Fine  yellow  sand  .  1,470  1,475 

Fine  yellow  sand  .  1,475  1,480 

White  limestone  with  some  sand  .  1,480  1.485 

Like  the  preceding,  with  two  minute  crinoid  stems . . .  1,485  1,490 

Yellowish  organic  limestone  .  1,490  1,495 

White  limestone,  containing  fragments  of  fossils,  with  a  few  frag¬ 
ments  of  chalcedonic  chert  and  with  much  dark  shale .  1,495  1,500 

Organic  calcareous  fragments  with  dark  shale  and  coarse  white  sand  1,500  1,505 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,505  1,510 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,510  1,515 

Dolomitic(?)  limestone,  with  occasional  purple  tint,  mixed  with  much 

shale  and  sand  . .  . .  1,515  1,520 

Yellowish  sandstone,  with  some  shale,  and  dolomitic  ?  fragments.  .  .  .  1,520  1,525 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,525  1,530 

Limestone,  organic,  fragmental  gray,  calcareous,  with  some  shale 

and  sand.  Some  shale  is  green  .  1,530  1,535 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,535  1,540 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,540  1,545 

Dark  gray,  organic  fragmental,  limestone,  with  some  green  shale....  1,545  1,550 

Like  the  preceding,  with  more  shale .  1,550  1,555 

Gray  and  greenish  gray  shale  and  gray  calcareous  limestone,  with  a 

fragment  of  a  fossil  shell  .  1,555  1,560 

Gray  calcareous,  organic,  limestone  and  greenish  shale .  1,560  1,565 

Fine  gray  sand  and  shale  with  pyrite .  1,565  1,570 

Gray  sandstone  and  shale  .  1,570  1,575 

Dark  gray  shale,  gray  sandstone  and  limestone .  1,575  1,580 

Black  shale,  showing  a  few  brown  blotches  .  1,580  1,585 

Black  shale,  with  green  and  red  shale,  some  limestone  and  pyrite....  1,585  1,590 

Dark  green  shale,  with  green,  and  some  red  shale  and  limestone .  1,590  1,595 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,595  1,600 

Like  the  preceding,  with  two  thin  flakes  of  coal,  and  a  few  bits  of  red 

limestone  .  1,600  1,605 

Dark  gray  and  greenish  gray  shale,  some  white  sandstone,  and  some 

red  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  limestone .  1,605  1,610 

Like  the  preceding,  but  more  sandy.  Pyrite .  1,610  1,615 

Gray  fine  sand,  gray  and  black  shale,  limestone  and  pyrite .  1,615  1,620 

Gray  fine  sand  and  dark  gray  shale  .  1,620  1,625 

Black  and  greenish  shale  with  sandstone  and  pyrite .  1,625  1,630 

Black  shale  and  gray  sand  .  1,630  1,635 

Black  shale  and  gray  sandy  shale,  with  bits  of  red  shale .  1,635  1,640 

Gray  shale  .  1,640  1,645 

Black  shale,  greenish  shale  and  sandstone  .  1,645  1,650 

Greenish  gray  shale  and  some  white  sand .  1,650  1,655 

Gray  and  green  shale  with  sand.  One  fragment  of  pure  black 

bitumen  noted  (burned  when  ignited) .  1,655  1,660 

Black  and  gray  shale  and  sand,  in  about  equal  quantities .  1,660  1,665 

Slickensided,  greenish  gray  shale  and  fine  sand .  1,665  1,670 

Sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  1,670  1,675 

Sandstone,  dark  shale,  and  some  limestone .  1,675  1,680 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,680  1,685 

Gray  fine  sand  .  1,685  1,690 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,690  1,695 

Sand  and  dark  shale  .  1,695  1,670 

White  limestone,  effervescing  slowly,  dark  gray  shale  and  sand .  1,700  1,705 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,705  1,710 

Fine  yellow  sand .  1,710  1,715 

Fine  gray  sand  .  1,715  1,720 

Fine  gray  sand  . .  1,720  1,725 

Fine  gray  sand  .  1,725  1,730 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,730  1,735 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,735  1,740 

Black  and  dark  gray  shale  .  1,740  1,745 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,745  1,750 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  gray  limestone,  with  oolitic  grains .  1,750  1,755 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,755  1,760 

Grayish,  white,  fine,  sand  . .  1,760  1,765 

Grayish  white  sand  and  some  shale,  effervescing  slowly .  1,765  1,770 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,770  1,775 

Dark  gray  and  black  shale,  with  some  sand .  1,775  1,780 

Calcareous  limestone  with  slow  effervescence,  and  dark  gray  and 

red  shale  with  oolitic  grains,  .5  mm.  to  .25  mm.  in  diameter .  1,780  1,785 

Gray  calcareous  limestone-  with  bits  of  brachiopod  shells,  spines, 
occasional  oolitic  grains,  and  dark  gray  and  dull  red  shale.  Oolitic 

frequently  oval  .  1,785  1,790 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,790  1,795 

Like  the  preceding,  with  more  sand  and  more  oolitic  grains .  1,795  1,800 

Dark  shale,  some  oolitic  limestone  .  1,800  1,805 


WELL  RECORDS. 


129 


Description  of  samples  from  Gray  ivell — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Dark  shale,  oolitic  limestone  and  some  red  shale .  1,805  1,810 

Dark  shale,  red  shale,  oolitic  limestone  and  “lobster”  red  limestone..  1,810  1,815 

Like  the  preceding',  but  with  less  limestone .  1.815  1,820 

Like  the  preceding  . 1,820  1,825 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  and  dark  red  shale,  with  limestone,  organic  1,825  1,830 

Like  the  preceding,  with  a  few  limestone  fragments  of  “lobster”  red 

color  . . 7. .  1,830  1,835 

Dark  gray,  gray  and  red  shale  with  organic  limestone,  with  slow 

effervescence  .  1,835  1,840 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,840  1,845 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,845  1,850 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,850  1,855 

Oolitic  limestone,  effervescing  slowly,  and  black  and  red  shale .  1,855  1,860 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,860  1,865 

Oolitic  white  calcareous  limestone  .  1,865  1,870 

Like  the  preceding  . 1,870  1,875 

Like  the  preceding  . 1,875  1,880 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,880  1,885 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,885  1,890 

Gray  limestone  effervescing  slowly  .  1,890  1,895 

Fine  gray  sand,  pure,  grains  measuring  about  1/6  mm.  in  diameter.  .  1,895  1,900 

Gray  limestone,  effervescing  slowly  with  acid  .  1,895  1,900 

Gray  limestone,  calcareous  .  1,900  1,905 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,905  1,91  0 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,910  1,915 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,915  1,920 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,920  1,925 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,925  1,930 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,930  1,935 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,935  1,940 

Gray  calcareous  limestone  with  a  few  bits  of  chalcedonic  chert .  1,940  1,945 

Gray  limestone,  with  slow  effervescence,  and  some  fragments  of  chert  1.945  1.950 

Gray  oolitic,  calcareous,  limestone  .  1,950  1,955 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,955  1,960 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,960  1,965 

Gray  oolitic  limestone,  effervescing  slowly.  Fragments  of  ribbed 

lamellibranch  shell  noted  .  1,965  1,970 

Gray  oolitic,  limestone,  effervescing  slowly  .  1,970  1,975 

Gray  marl  .  1,975  1,980 

Gray  marl  and  some  limestone  .  1,980  1,985 

Gray,  very  finely  granular,  dolomitic,  and  oolitic  limestone,  with  some 

chalcedonic  chert  .  1,985  1,990 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,990  1,995 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,995  2.000 


Note. — The  Chester  begins  at  1,450  feet  below  the  curb  of  this  well. 


42.  WELL  NO.  7,-  ON  FARM  OF  W.  H.  SNYDER,  DENNISON  TOWNSHIP, 

LAWRENCE  COUNTY. 

This  well  of  the  Ohio  Oil  Company,  on  the  farm  of  Willis  IT.  Sny¬ 
der,  is  situated  in  the  SW.  NW.  %  sec.  25,  T.  3  N.,  E.  12  W.,  Den¬ 
nison  Township,  Lawrence  County.  Its  elevation  is  495  feet.  Its  sec¬ 
tion  is  in  Pennsylvanian  to  a  depth  of  1,535  feet  and  in  Mississippian 
below  this.  The  Pottsville  lies  between  1,000  feet  and  1,535  feet,  and 
coal  No.  6  is  between  560  feet  and  580  feet. 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  well. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Loess  .  1  5 

Loess,  silty  .  5  20 

Gray  sandy  limestone  and  micaceous  and  calcareous  sand.  Spherules 

of  pyrite  noted,  measuring  from  .25  mm.  to  1  mm.  in  diameter .  20  25 

Micaceous  gray  sandstone  with  occasional  shreds  of  carbonaceous 

material  . 25  35 

Sandy  shale  .  35  40 

Gray  shale  . 40  45 

—9  G 


130 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Gray  sandstone,  coal,  black  shale,  and  pieces  of  gray  limestone,  crinoid 
stems,  one  crinoid  plate  from  a  calyx,  and  an  umbo  of  a  small 

brachiopod  .  45  60 

Light  gray  shale  of  fine  texture.  No  effervescense  .  50  55 

Gray  calcareous  and  sandy  rock,  with  much  concretionary  calcareous 
material.  One  large  fragment  is  black  concretionary  limestone  with 
embedded  minute  white  shells  and  tubes,  apparently  small  gastero- 

pods  or  foraminifera  .  55  60 

Shaly  sandstone,  some  shale,  white  and  yellow  limestone  of  concretion¬ 
ary  appearance,  and  some  coal  .  60  65 

Sandy  shale  of  very  light  gray  color .  65  70 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  70  90 

Dark  shale  and  black  shale,  fragments  of  concretionary  limestone 
Nucula  beyrichi  (?),  crinoid  stems,  tubes  of  Ammodiscus,  and  frag¬ 
ments  of  concretionary  limestone  .  90  100 

Black  shale  .  100  105 

Black  shale,  black  calcareous  “clod,”  occasional  pieces  of  coal,  crinoid 

stems,  “mineral  charcoal”  showingwvoody  structure,  pyrite  and  calcite  105  110 

Gray  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  110  12U 

Gi’ay  micaceous  sandstone  .  120  140 

Gray  sandy  shale,  black  shale  and  coal,  with  some  calcareous  material  140  145 

Gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale  .  145  155 

Fine  gray  sand  .  155  165 

Fine  gray  shaly  sand  .  165  170 

Fine  gray  shaly  sand,  with  dark  shaly  laminae .  170  175 

Laminated  shaly  sandstone  . 175  180 

Laminated  gray  sandy  shale  . . .  180  185 

Dark  micaceous  and  sandy  shale  . 185  195 

Dark  shale,  micaceous  .  195  200 

Sandy  shale  and  sandstone  .  200  205 

Coarse,  micaceous  gray  sand  .  205  215 

Micaceous  gray  shale  .  215  225 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  225  230 

Dark  shale,  black  shale,  some  sandstone,  impure  coal,  and  fragments 

of  limestone,  yellow.  Crinoid  stems  and  a  small  gasteropod  noted.  .  230  235 

Fire  clay,  sandy  shale,  and  concretionary  fossil-bearing  yellow  lime¬ 
stone.  A  few  fragments  of  coal  noted  .  235  240 

Gray  shale  .  240  245 

Gray  stony  shale  .  245  250 

Dark  micaceous  shale  .  250  255 

Gray  micaceous  shale  . 255  260 

Dark  micaceous  shale  . , .  260  265 

Gray  shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shale  .  265  270 

Gray  micaceous  sand  of  fine  texture  .  270  310 

Gray  sand  and  some  lumps  of  light  fire  clay  or  shale  containing 

imprints  of  leaves  .  310  315 

Clean  and  white  micaceous  sand  .  315  320 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  .  320  335 

Light  gray  fire  clay,  coal,  some  sandstone,  and  a  little  limestone. 

Minute  spherules  of  .siderite  present  in  the  fire  clay  .  335  340 

Cream  white  limestone  of  fine  granular  homogeneous  texture,  with 
occasional  minute  green  specks,  and  occasional  indistinct  organic 

fragments  .  340  345 

White  limestone  of  fine  uniform  texture.  Some  fragments  show  a  fine 

reticulate  structure.  Some  greenish  shale  and  pyrite  .  345  350 

Brownish-red  marly  clay  and  limestone  .  350  355 

Red  marl,  greenish  marl,  and  white  limestone  .  355  360 

White  limestone  of  fine  uniform  texture,  with  a  few  fragments  of  gray 

shaly  limestone  .  360  365 

Gray  sandstone,  biotitic  and  impregnated  with  irregular  kernels  and 

layers  of  yellow  calcareous  material  .  365  370 

Some  sandstone,  some  white  limestone,  and  some  fragments  of  a  slowly 

effervescing  material  .  370  375 

Dirty  dark  marl  and  limestone,  with  some  fragments  of  bright  red 

marl,  and  some  black  fragments  .  375  380 

Gray  sandstone  .  380  385 

Very  dark  shaly  sandstone,  bituminous  green  shale  .  385  390 

Dark,  almost  black,  sandy  micaceous  shale  .  390  400 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  .  400  405 

Gray  micaceous  shaly  sandstone  and  some  white  limestone .  410  415 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture.  Coal  .  405  410 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  and  some  white  limestone  .  415  425 

Gray  micaceous  laminated  sandstone  .  425  430 

Dark  gray  shale  and  some  brown  clay  .  430  435 

Dark  gray  sandstone  with  layers  of  siderite  .  435  440 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  dark  gray  sandstone  with  layers  of 

siderite  .  440  445 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  a  dark  gray  sandstone  with  layers  of  car¬ 
bonate  of  lime,  and  a  few  fragments  of  limestone  .  445  450 

Dark  gray  shale,  siderite  and  pyrite  . 450  455 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  and  some  siderite  .  455  460 


WELL  KECORDS. 


131 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  gray  sandstone  with  layers  of  siderite  460  470 

Dark  gray  shale,  sandstone  and  concretions  of  siderite .  470  475 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  texture  and  some  siderite  .  475  480 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  some  siderite  .  480  485 

Dark  gray  shale,  dark  micaceous  shale,  and  siderite  .  485  495 

Dark  gray  shale,  white  and  dark  limestone .  495  500 

Siderite  concretions  showing  cracks  filled  with  calcite,  and  gray  lime¬ 
stone  and  shale  .  500  .  505 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  siderite  concretions  and  some  gray  limestone...  505  510 

Gray  shaly  sandstone,  fragments  of  white  and  gray  limestone  .  510  515 

Gray  sandy  shale,  siderite  and  fragments  of  gray  limestone .  515  520 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  greenish  shale,  siderite,  and  fragments  of  gray 

limestone  .  520  525 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale,  and  some  siderite  .  525  530 

Dark  gray  shale,  some  greenish  shale  and  some  siderite .  530  535 

Dark  shale,  siderite  and  some  brown  limestone  .  535  540 

Dark  shale,  siderite,  fragments  of  limestone,  and  a  part  of  a  crinoid 

stem  noted  . 540  545 

Dark  shale  and  fragments  of  limestone  . .  545  560 

Black  shale  with  organic  calcareous  fragments.  Crinoid  stems  and 
Rhombopora  lepidodendroides  noted.  Spherules  of  siderite  present. 

Spines  of  Productus  (?)  .  560  565 

Black  shale  with  organic  calcareous  material,  limestone,  fragments  of 
gray  micaceous  sandstone,  numerous  crinoid  stems  noted,  also 
siderite.  Hustedia,  Chonetes  punctatus,  Rhombopora  lepidoden¬ 
droides, ,  gasteropods  and  crinoid  stems  noted ;  also  spines  of  pro¬ 
ductus  (?)  565  570 

Black  shale  with  calcareous  material,  fragments  of  limestone  and 
sandstone,  small  gasteropods,  numerous  crinoid  stems,  and  spines 

of  Producti  noted  .  570  575 

Coal,  gray  shale,  limestone,  numerous  crinoid  stems  and  pyrite .  575  580 

Brownish  dark  limestone,  gray  shale,  and  fragments  of  coal.  Consider¬ 
able  pyrite,  fossil  wood  in  fragments .  580  585 

Brownish  dark  limestone,  gray  shale,  some  crinoid  stems  and  Chonetes 

noted  .  585  590 

Gray  micaceous  shale,  gray  shale,  gray  limestone  and  brown  limestone  590  595 

Gray  sandy  shale,  fragments  of  brown  and  gray  limestone  .  595  600 

Dark  gray  shale  of  a  fine  texture  and  some  pyrite  .  600  605 

Dark  gray  shale  of  a  fine  texture,  some  gray  micaceous  shale,  pyrite 

and  fragments  of  coal  .  605  610 

Dark  gray  shale  of  a  fine  texture  .  610  620 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  620  625 

Dark  gray  shale  and  fragments  of  limestone  .  625  630 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  pyrite  .  630  635 

Dark  gray  shale,  fragments  of  coal  and  limestone .  635  640 

Dark  gray  shale,  fragments  of  limestone  and  some  pyrite  .  640  645 

Light  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture,  and  fragments  of  black  shale.  .  .  .  645  650 

Light  gray  sandstone,  and  some  fragments  of  black  shale .  650  660 

Dark  gray  shale  and  light  gray  sandstone .  660  665 

Light  gray  micaceous  fine  sand  . 665  680 

Fine  white  micaceous  sand  with  infiltrated  calcite  .  680  685 

Fine  white  micaceous  sand  and  some  dark  gray  shale  .  685  695 

Fine  gray  micaceous  sand  with  infiltrated  lime .  695  700 

Dark  gray  shale  and  gray  sandstone  .  700  705 

Gray  micaceous  laminated  sandstone  .  705  710 

Coal,  some  gray  shale,  and  a  few  fragments  of  limestone  .  710  715 

Gray  micaceous  laminated  sandstone  and  some  coal  .  715  720 

Micaceous  sandstone  .  720  725 

Dark  gray  shale  . 725  730 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture  .  730  735 

Very  dark  stony  shale  of  fine  texture  .  735  740 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  some  black  shale  and  fragments  of  white 

limestone  .  740  745 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  soft,  and  containing  calcareous  material.  .  745  750 

Micaceous  sandstone  . 750  755 

Dark  shale,  sandstone,  coal,  with  some  limestone  fragments  .  755  760 

Fire  clay,  black  shale,  coal,  sandstone,  a  few  fragments  of  limestone, 
yellow  siderite,  spherical  concretions,  measuring  from  .125  mm.  to 

2  mm.  in  diameter  .  760  770 

Dark  shaly  clay  and  micaceous  clay,  with  coal,  sandstone  and  small 

spherical  concretions  of  siderite  .  770  775 

Dark  clayey  shale  and  some  micaceous  and  sandy  shale .  775  78  u 

Gray  clayey  shale  of  fine  texture,  with  some  stony  and  micaceous  shale  780  790 

Dark  gray  shale,  in  part  sandy,  in  part  of  fine  texture.  Much  pyrite, 

some  pyritized  wood  and  “mineral  charcoal”  . 790  795 

Light  gray  shale  or  fire  clay .  795  800 

Light  gray  fire  clay,  white  sandstone,  coal,  and  some  fragments  of 

white  and  yellow  limestone  .  800  805 

Gray  clay  shale  or  fire  clay,  coal,  and  white  sandstone  .  805  810 

Fire  clay,  sandy  gray  shale,  black  shale,  coal  and  brown  siderite .  810  815 


132 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  ivell — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Soft  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  with  thin  carbonaceous  laminae,  black 
shale,  brown  siderite,  pyrite  and  some  fragments  of  fissured  white 

limestone  .  815  820 

Black  shale  containing  calcareous  organic  fragments,  and  gray  sand¬ 
stone  containing  thin  layers  of  shaly  material,  pyrite  and  spherules 

of  gray  lime  measuring  about  .5  mm.  in  diameter . 820  825 

Dark  shale  and  greenish  gray  sandy  fire  clay  .  825  830 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  fire  clay  and  black  shale  with  white  lime¬ 
stone.  Crinoid  stems  noted  . < .  830  840 

Black  shale  and  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  brown  siderite,  white  lime¬ 
stone  and  partly  pyritized  mineral  charcoal  .  840  845 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone,  laminated,  gray  marly  shale  .  845  850 

Laminated  dark  shale  and  sandstone,  with  a  few  fragments  of  coal, 

apparently  from  a  thin  seam  in  rock .  850  855 

Gray  sandstone  and  sandy  shale,  with  black  shale,  impure  coal  and 

siderite  .  855  860 

Like  the  preceding  but  with  some  pure  coal  .  860  865 

Gray  shale,  fire  clay,  gray  sandstone,  and  coaly  black  shale .  865  870 

Fire  clay,  gray  shale,  coal,  brown  siderite,  white  limestone,  fragments 
of  shells  and  crinoid  stems,  pyrite  giving  an  oily  film  on  the  water 

when  washed  .  870  875 

Gray  clayey  shale,  and  coal,  with  some  calcareous  material  .  875  880 

Like  the  preceding.  Crinoid  joints  noted  .  880  885 

Gray  clayey  shale,  containing  fragments  of  coal  and  of  limestone  and 

also  some  mica  .  885  900 

Mostly  fire  clay,  greenish  gray,  some  gray  sandstone,  black  shale,  a 
little  coal,  and  much  pyrite.  Fragments  of  shells  and  of  limestone 
noted.  In  the  fire  clay  a  joint  was  filled  with  a  thin,  film  of  black 

bituminous  or  carbonaceous  material  .  900  905 

Gray  laminated  micaceous  sandstone  .  905  915 

Dark  gray  sandy  and  micaceous  shale  .  915  920 

Gray  micaceous  sandstone  and  dark  shale  .  920  925 

Gray  sandstone,  greenish  fire  clay  and  coaly  black  laminated  shale.  .  .  925  930 

Gray  laminated  sandstone,  black  shale,  brown  siderite,  fragments  of 

white  limestone  .  930  935 

Sandstone,  from  dark  to  light  gray,  and  showing  streaks  of  carbon¬ 
aceous  material,  together  with  black  coaly  shale  .  935  940 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay,  containing  spherules  of  siderite  from  .25  mm. 
to  .5  mm.  in  diameter,  and  having  thin  joints  filled  with  bituminous 

or  carbonaceous  material.  Some  "sandstone  and  shale  .  940  945 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay  .  945  950 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  950  955 

Gray  coarse  sand  with  a  faint  odor  of  petroleum.  It  floats  on  water.  .  955  960 

Black  and  dark  shale,  with  some  carbonaceous  layers .  960  965 

Dark  and  black  shale  and  concretionary  siderite  and  white  limestone  965  970 

Minutely  blotched  and  light  gray  limestone  .  970  975 

Minutely  blotched  dark  gray  limestone  and  some  dark  shale .  975  980 

Dark  clayey  shale  .  980  990 

Black  shale  and  gray  sandstone  .  990  995 

Black  coaly  shale  with  brownish  streak  and  containing  streaks  of 
brown  flaky  siderite,  greenish  gray  fire  clay,  gray  limestone,  and 

stony  fire  clay  filled  with  minute  spherules  of  siderite  .  995  1,000 

Black  and  gray  shale  and  a  fragment  of  coal .  1,000  1,005 

Coarse  quartz  sandstone  with  fragments  of  siderite  .  1,005  1,010 

Gray  sandstone  with  siderite  grains  .  1,010  1,015 

Gray  sandstone  with  many  grains  of  brown  siderite  .  1,015  1,020 

Fairly  coarse  gray  sand  .  1,020  1,030 

Fine  gray  sand  having  the  odor  of  petroleum  .  1,030  1,035 

Fine  gray  sand  with  some  black  and  gray  shale,  white  limestone,  and 

yellow  and  brown  siderite  .  1,035  1,040 

Gray  sandstone,  some  coarse  with  black  and  brown  grains,  some 

laminated,  alternating  with  black  micaceous  shale  .  1,040  1,045 

Black  shale,  some  sandstone,  and  some  white  limestone .  1,045  1,050 

Black  stiff  shale,  some  clayey  shale  and  white  limestone  .  1,050  1,060 

Black  shale  and  fire  clay  with  a  few  fragments  of  coal .  1,060  1,065 

Black  shale  and  some  white  limestone  .  1,065  1,075 

Black  shale,  some  pyrite  and  white  limestone .  1,075  1,080 

Black  shale  and  some  pyrite  .  1,080  1,085 

Gray  sandstone  with  embedded  siderite  spherules  and  shreds  of  car¬ 
bonaceous  material  .  1,085  1,090 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  1,090  1,100 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  with  some  dark  gray  shale .  1,100  1,105 

Gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  .  1,105  1,110 

Gray  sandstone  with  some  fragments  of  white  limestone .  1,110  1,115 

Laminated  shaly  sandstone,  consisting  of  layers  of  dark  sandy  shale 

and  light  gray  sandstone  .  1,115  1,120 

Laminated  sandstone  and  shale  . • .  1,120  1,130 

Green  and  black  fire  clay  of  fine  texture,  cut  by  joints  .  1,130  1,140 

Greenish  blotchy  very  dark  fire  clay,  with  siderite  concretions  in  large 

fragments,  and  some  very  red  clay  lumps  with  green  cores .  1,140  1,145 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


133 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Very  dark,  almost  black  fire  clay . . .  1,145  1,150 

Very  dark,  almost  black  fire  clay,  of  a  greenish  tinge,  some  bright 
red  clay  showing  green  streaks,  some  white  limestone,  and  some  coal 

or  bituminous  substance  .  1,150  1,155 

Very  dark  fire  clay  .  1,155  1,160 

Dark  fire  clay-like  shale  .  1,160  1,165 

Black  stiff  shale  and  fragments  of  siderite  concretions .  1,165  1,170 

Black  shale  and  dark  green  shale  .  1,170  1,185 

Black  shale  and  gray  shale,  with  some  white  sandstone  and  frag¬ 
ments  of  siderite  concretions  .  1,185  1,190 

Black  shale  .  1,190  1,195 

Black  shale  with  some  fragments  of  siderite  .  1,195  1,200 

Dark  gray  shale  of  fine  clay-like  texture  .  1,200  1,205 

Laminated  white  and  black  sandstone.  The  laminae  are  thin .  1,205  1,215 

Dark  shale  .  1,215  1,220 

Dark  shale  with  some  sandstone  . . .  1,220  1,225 

Dark  shale  .  1,225  1,235 

Dark  sandy  shale  and  laminated  sandstone  .  1,235  1,240 

Dark  shale  . 1,240  1,245 

Dark  sandy  shale  and  white,  fine-grained  sandstone,  apparently  inter- 


Gray  shale,  greenish  fire  clay,  some  coal  and  a  little  nodular  limestone  1,255  1,260 
Gray  shale  and  dark  shale,  some  yellow  siderite,  some  white  limestone 

and  a  few  fragments  of  coal.  Bituminous  joints .  1,260  1,270 

Gray  shale,  black  shale,  white  sandstone  of  fine  texture  and  white 

limestone  . 1,270  1,280 

Gray  shale,  considerable  white  limestone,  and  white  sandstone  of  fine 

compact  texture  .  1,280  1,285 

Black  shale  and  white  fine-grained  sandstone  with  some  limestone.  .  1,285  1,290 

Fine-grained,  hard  white  sandstone,  gray,  sandy  shale  and  white  lime¬ 
stone  .  1,290  1,295 

Micaceous  gray  sandstone,  black  shale  and  some  pieces  of  white  lime¬ 
stone  .  1,295  1,300 

Dark  gray  shale,  white  fine-grained  sandstone,  and  some  fragments 

of  white  limestone  .  1,300  1,305 

Light  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  gray  shale  and  some  fragments  of 

white  limestone  .  1,305  1,310 

Dark  gray  shale,  laminated  sandstone  and  some  limestone .  1,310  1,315 

White,  fine-grained  sandstone,  gray  shale,  white  limestone,  and  some 

pyrite  .  1,315  1,320 

Sand,  fairly  coarse  .  1,320  1,325 

Yellow  rusty  sand  .  1,325  1,340 

Yellow  rusty  sand  with  some  shale  .  1,340  1,345 

Laminated  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture .  1,345  1,355 

Fine  sand  with  some  shale  and  calcareous  material .  1,355  1,360 

Fine  sand  and  shale  with  some  carbonate  of  lime .  1,360  1,365 

Fine  sand  and  shale  .  1,365  1,370 

Dark  gray  shale  and  sand  .  1,370  1,380 

Sand,  gray  shale  and  black  shale . 1,380  1,405 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay,  some  dark  shale,  considerable  pyrite,  and 

sand  (from  above)  .  1,405  1,410 

Greenish  gray  fire '  clay,  much  pyrite,  a  few  fragments  of  rock  con¬ 
taining  organic  calcareous  fragments  and  some  sand .  1,410  1,415 

Dark  greenish  gray  shale,  some  fragments  of  black  shale,  and  pyrite  1,415  1,420 

Sand  of  fine  texture  and  dark  greenish  gray  shale  or  fire  clay  with 

much  pyrite  .  1,420  1,425 

Dark  green  fire  clay  or  shale,  very  much  pyrite  and  fragments  of 

coal,  evidently  from  a  thin  seam .  1,425  1,430 

Dark  greenish  gray  fire  clay,  pyrite  and  fragments  of  impure  coal...  1,430  1,435 

Dark  green  fire  clay  and  dark  shale  with  some  coal .  1,435  1,440 

Very  dark  shale,  thin  splitting  and  dark  green  fire  clay .  1,440  1,445 

Very  dark  shale,  dark  green  fire  clay,  a  little  coal  and  pyrite .  1,445  1,470 

Dark  green  fire  clay  and  dark  shale,  pyritiferous  .  1,470  1,480 

Dark  green  fire  clay-like  shale  .  1,480  1,495 

Dark  green  fire  clay-like  shale,  with  much  pyrite,  and  some  coal  in 

thin  seams  . 1,495  1,500 

Dark  green  fire  clay-like  shale  .  1,500  1,510 

Dark  green  fire  clay-like  shale,  some  black  bituminous  shale  with 

thin  laminae  of  coal,  and  with  pyrite  .  1,510  1,515 

Dark  green  fire  clay-like  shale,  daik  gray  shale,  with  pyrites,  like 

shale  of  “Coal  Measures”  .  1,515  1,520 

Dark  green  fire  clay,  like  shale,  and  dark  gray  shale  with  pyrite.  .  .  1,520  1,535 

Brownish  red  marl,  some  fire  clay-like  greenish  shale,  some  pyrite  and 
some  fragments  of  white  limestone.  The  red  marl  and  the  iimestone 

have  the  aspect  of  the  Chester  .  1,535  1,540 

Brownish  red  shale,  pyrite  and  fragments  of  white  limestone .  1,540  1,545 

Red  marly  shale,  gray  marly  shale  and  white  limestone .  1,545  1,565 

Dark  gray  shale  and  marl  .  1,565  1,570 


134 


DEEP  BORIXGS  IX  ILLIXOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Snyder  well — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Dark  gray  stony  marl  and  fragments  of  white  limestone,  with  crinoid 

stems  .  1,570  1,590 

Gray  marl  and  red  marly  shale  with  fragments  of  white  limestone...  1,590  1,595 

Gray,  green  and  red  shale,  white  limestone,  sandy  limestone,  pyrite 

and  crinoid  stems  .  1,595  1,615 

Greenish  gray  calcareous  shale  .  1,615  1,635 

Dark  green,  stony,  calcareous  shale  .  1,635  1,640 

Dark  gray  shale,  organic  fragmental  limestone,  dirty  speckled,  gray.  .  1,640  1,645 

Shale  and  limestone  .  1,645  1,650 

Gray  marly  shale  and  organic  fragmental  limestone.  Oily .  1,650  1,655 

Organic  fragmental  limestone  and  some  shale.  Oily .  1,655  1,660 

Dark  gray  shale,  green  shale,  red  shale  and  organic  fragmental  lime¬ 
stone.  Oily  .  1,660  1,665 

Like  the  preceding  with  less  limestone  .  1,665  1,680 

Red  marly  shale  and  green  laminated  shale  .  1,680  1,685 

Red  marly  shale  and  dark  green  shale  .  1,685  1,695 

Gray  marly  shale,  gray  sandstone  of  fine  texture  and  some  organic 

fragmental  limestone  .  1,695  1,700 

Gray  marly  shale  .  1,700  1,730 

Fine  gray  quartz  sand  showing  a  few  mica  scales . .  ..  R730  1,755 

Fine  textured  gray  sand  with  some  shale  .  1,755  1,760 

Fine  textured  gray  sand  with  some  gray  shale  .  1,760  1,765 

Gray  marly  shale  and  sand  .  1,765  1,775 

Fine  textured  gray  sand,  dark  gray  shale,  with  some  fragments  of 

limestone  showing  joints  filled  with  black  bituminous  films .  1,775  1,780 

Gray  marly  shale  and  fine  sand  .  1,780  1,785 

Earthy  black  marly  shale  filled  with  bitumen  .  1,785  1,795 

Partly  like  the  preceding,  partly  gray  stony  marl .  1,795  1,800 

Gray  marly  shale  and  fine  sand  .  1,800  1,805 

Like  the  preceding  with  some  very  thtn-splitting  black  shale . 1,805  1,810 

Black  shale  and  fine  gray  sand  .  1,810  1,920 

Gray  marly  shale,  and  some  black  bituminous  material,  shining  on 

conchoidally  fracturing  surfaces.  Fractures  and  fuses  in  flame...  1,820  1,825 

Gray  marly  shale  . 1,825  1,830 

Gray  marly  shale,  with  a  black  bitumen  showing  conchoidal,  shiny 

cleavage  .  1,830  1,835 

Gray  marly  shale  with  a  few  small  fragments  of  bitumen .  1,835  1,840 

Gray  marly  shale  . 1,840  1,850 

Gray  marly  shale,  with  some  fine  micaceous  sand,  and  showing  black 

streaks  .  1,850  1,860 

Gray  marly  shale  .  1,860  1,865 

Almost  black  and  dark,  greenish-gray,  marly,  sandy  shale,  showing 
red  streaks,  and  a  dark  greenish  sand  of  fine  texture.  Mica  noted. 

Oily  .  1,865  1,880 

Dark,  greenish  gray  fire  clay-like  shale.  Oily .  1,880  1,885 

Dark,  greenish  gray  shale  and  sandy  rock,  and  some  red  shale  appear¬ 
ing  earthy,  from  bitumen  .  1,885  1,890 

Green  and  red  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  sandstone  and  some 

organic  limestone.  Oily  .  1,890  1,910 

Oolitic  limestone  and  green  shale  .  1,910  1,915 

Oolitic  limestone,  other  limestone,  green  shale  and  some  red  shale.  A 
small  Dielasma  noted.  The  dark  green  shale  splits  into  very  thin 

fragments  . 1,915  1,920 

Green  shale,  dark  shale,  red  shale,  and  oolitic  limestone .  1,920  1,930 

Green  shale,  red  shale,  and  some  dirty  looking  limestone  and  oolite. 

Crinoid  stem  noted  . 1,930  1,945 

Mostly  iron  rust  from  bit  or  casing  .  1,945  1,950 

Limestone  with  a  great  deal  of  rust .  1,950  1,955 

Granular  limestone  with  some  well  rounded  quartz  sand,  and  some 

oolitic  grains  .  1,955  1,960 

Granular  limestone,  gray  .  1,960  1,965 

Coarse  oolitic  limestone,  with  some  quartz  grains .  1,965  1,970 

An  organic  breccia,  with  embedded  oolitic  grains,  and  some  quartz 

grains  . 1,970  1,980 

Organic  fragmental  limestone,  with  oolitic  spherules,  and  with  a  few 

fragments  of  chert  .  1,980  1,995 

Limestone,  fragmental,  oolitic  .  1,995  2,000 


The  writer’s  interpretation  of  this  section  is  as  below: 

Feet  below 
surface. 

Coal  No.  6,  probably  at  .  560-  580 

Pennsylvanian  .  0-1,000 

Pottsville  (Pennsylvanian)  .  1,000-1,535 

Mississippian  .  1,535-2,000 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


135 


43.  WELL  NO.  1,  ON  FABM  OF  E.  J.  EIDGELY,  DENNISON  TOWNSHIP, 

LAWEENCE  COUNTY. 

Well  No.  1,  on  the  farm  of  E.  J.  Eidgely  is  operated  by  the  Ohio  Oil 
Company.  It  is  situated  in  the  NE.  sec.  11,  Dennison  Township, 
Lawrence  County.  Its  curb  is  elevated  471  feet  above  sea  level.  Its 


a  depth  of  about  800  feet. 


Description  of  samples  from  Ridgely  well. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Loess  .  0  6 

Loess  .  6  12 

Loess,  with  some  sand  . 12  18 

Loess  .  18  24 

Loess,  with  some  sand  .  2  4  3  0 

Drift,  a  yellow  silt  with  some  sand  .  30  30 

Like  the  preceding-,  body  more  sandy  .  36  42 

A  yellow,  sandy  silt  .  42  48 

Like  the  preceding  .  48  54 

Yellow  sandy  silt  . '. .  54  60 

Yellow  sand,  slightly  micaceous  .  60  66 

Gray  sand  . 66  72 

Gray  sand,  with  some  mica  . 72  78 

Like  the  preceding  . . 78  84 

Gray  sand,  in  part  crushed .  84  90 

Like  the  preceding  .  90  95 

Gray  sand  .  95  100 

Gray  sand  .  100  105 

Gray  sand  .  105  110 

Black  shale,  coaly,  thinly  laminated,  with  some  black  calcareous, 

concretionary  fragments  .  110  115 

Dove-colored  shale,  of  fine  texture  .  115  120 

Like  the  preceding  (4  samples) .  120  140 

Dove-colored  shale,  silty  .  140  145 

Like  the  preceding  (5  samples) .  145  170 

Light  gray  shale,  of  fine  texture  .  170  175 

Like  the  preceding  . 175  180 

Dove-colored  shale,  silty  (3  samples) .  180  195 

Some  gray  shale  and  some  black  coaly  shale  . .  .  195  200 

Dark  gray,"  soft  shale  . 200  205 

Gray,  soft,  shale  . 205  210 

Like  the  preceding  (2  samples) . 210  220 

Dove-colored  shale,  silty  .  220  225 

Graj^,  fine-grained  sand  .  .  . . 225  2 3 0« 

Light  gray  silty  shale  and  some  carbonaceous  shale .  230  235 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay  . • .  235  240' 

Greenish  gray  sandy  shale  .  24Q  245., 

Gray  micaceous  sand,  with  some  black  shale  .  245  250< 

Gray  micaceous  sand,  with  some  black  carbonaceous  shale  and  some 

fragments  of  clay  ironstone  .  250  255; 

Like  the  preceding  (2  samples) .  255  265. 

Mostly  a  white  limestone  of  a  peculiar  minute  reticulate  texture,  also 

showing  some  minute  organic  structures  .  265  270" 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  fragments  of  a  dark  limestone .  270  276 

Limestone  like  that  in  the  two  preceding  samples,  with  some  gray 

sandstone  and  some  shale  or  fire  clay  .  276  282’ 

White  limestone  .  282  288, 

White  limestone  and  gray  marly  shale  .  288  294: 

Bluish  gray  shale  of  fine  texture . 294  300 

Gray  limestone,  concretionary  ( ?),  and  gray  shale .  300  306: 

Light  gray  shale  .  306  312 

Like  the  preceding  (2  samples) .  312  324' 

Gray  shale  .  324  330 

Gray  shale  . 330  336 

Gray  silty  shale  .  336  342- 

Gray  shale  .  342  348 

Gray  silty  shale  (2  samples) .  348  360 

Gray  sandy  shale  .  360  366 

Very  fine-textured,  gray  sand,  and  some  green  shale .  366  372 

Like  the  preceding,  but  darker  .  372  378 

Gray  shale  (7  samples) .  378  420 

Gray  shale  and  coal  .  420  426 

Fire  clay  and  coal  .  426  432 

Gray  shale  .  432  438 


136 


DEEP  BOEINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


Description  of  samples  from  Ridgely  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Shale,  gray,  stiff,  micaceous  .  438  444 

Gray  shale,  white  limestone  and  coal  .  444  450 

Gray  shale,  with  some  sand  and  limestone .  450  456 

Black  limestone  .  456  462 

Gray  shale,  with  some  limestone  and  coal .  462  468 

Gray  shale,  in  part  sandy,  and  some  dark  limestone,  which  effervesces 

slowly  on  the  application  of  acid  . . .  468  474 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  some  black  shale  .  474  480 

Shale,  some  dark  gray  and  micaceous,  some  sandy .  480  486 

Dark  sandy  shale,  earthy  in  appearance,  with  some  fragments  of  lime¬ 
stone,  in  which  fragments  of  fossils  were  noted .  486  492 

Gray  silty  shale  .  492  498 

Black  shale  .  498  504 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture,  blotched  .  504  510 

Dark  shale,  sandy,  micaceous,  and  with  imbedded  fragments  of  car¬ 
bonaceous  material  .  510  516 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture,  and  some  coal .  516  522 

Dark  fire  clay  and  some  coal .  522  528 

Light  gray  shale  .  528  534 

Light  gray  shale,  micaceous  and  marly  (3  samples) .  534  552 

Light  gray  shale,  micaceous,  silty  .  552  558 

Like  the  preceding  .  558  564 

Gray  shale,  silty  and  micaceous  .  564  570 

Some  greenish  gray  shale,  silty  and  sandy,  with  shreds  of  vegetation. 

A  leaf-like  impression  shows  a  reticulate  structure .  570  576 

Greenish  gray  shale  or  fire  clay,  with  shreds  of  carbonaceous  material  576  583 

Gray  micaceous  shale  .  583  590 

Dark  gray  shale  (2  samples) .  590  604 

Gray  shale,  with  some  limestone,  some  black  carbonaceous  shale  and 
some  fragments  of  clay  ironstone.  Some  fragments  of  a  white 
limestone  were  noted.  This  was  brecciated  and  consisted  of  minute 
angiilar  fragments  separated  by  veins  of  clear  calcite.  There  were 

also  some  fragments  of  a  black  limestone  .  604  611 

Dark  gray  shale,  with  some  black  shale,  and  some  white  brecciated 

limestone.  A  protoconch  of  an  Orthoceras  .  611  618 

Gray  micaceous  shale  and  some  compact  gray  limestone  and  much 
coaly  black  shale.  Spherical  concretions  of  siderite,  %  mm.  in 

diameter,  were  noted  .  618  625 

Gray  shale  (2  samples) . ' .  625  639 

Sandstone  of  fine  texture,  and  sandy  shale .  639  646 

Gray  sandy  shale,  with  concretionary  spherules  of  clay  ironstone. 

Also  some  yellow  limestone  . 646  652 

Gray,  micaceous,  sandy  shale .  652  658 

Like  the  preceding  (2  samples) .  658  670 

Micaceous  sandy  shale,  and  some  greenish  shale .  670  676 

Gray  shale,  black  shale,  and  coal,  with  some  fragments  of  clay  iron- 


Dark  gray  shale  .  682  687 

Dark  gray  shale  .  687  692 

Dark  gray  shale  .  692  698 

Gray,  micaceous,  sandy  shale,  or  shaly  sandstone .  698  706 

Gray,  micaceous  shale,  with  pyrites.  Also  some  limestone .  706  710 

Gray  carbonaceous  shale,  with  carbonaceous  sandstone... .  710  715 

Black  shale,  with  some  fragments  of  limestone  and  pyrite .  715  720 

Black  shale  .  720  726 

Black  shale,  gray  micaceous  sandstone,  and  pyrite .  726  732 

Like  the  preceding  .  732  738 

Black  shale  and  gray  sandstone,  with  pyrite  and  siderite  concre¬ 
tions  .  738  744 

Coal,  fire  clay,  and  black  shale  . . .  744  750 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay,  with  a  few  fragments  of  coal,  black  shale, 

sandstone,  and  pyrite  .  750  756 

Light  gray  shale,  with  some  coal  and  sandstone .  756  762 

Black  fissile  shale,  gray  shale,  some  coal  and  sandstone.  The  black 

shale  has  narrow  light  fucoid  .  762  768 

Gray  shale  .  768  774 

Gray  shale  and  gray  sandstone  .  774  780 

Shaly  sandstone,  light  gray,  micaceous . 780  786 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  dark  shale .  786  792 

Black  “miner’s  slate,”  coal,  and  limestone.  The  limestone  is  dark  or 
black,  with  some  white,  like  the  limestone  over  number  6  coal. 

Some  fragments  of  fossils  were  noted .  792  798 

A  white  siliceous  rock,  with  minute  black  specks,  scattered  or  lying 
in  curving  broken  streaks.  The  rock  contains  occasional  scales  of 
mica.  It  recalls  the  texture  of  the  “white  cap”  over  the  No.  6 
coal  in  Peoria  County.  Sandstone,  gray  shale,  black  miner’s  slate, 
and  coal  were  also  noted.  The  limestone  contained  Rhombopora 

lepidodendroides  .  798  804 

Gray  stony  shale,  limestone,  coal,  and  sandstone,  as  above.  Rhom¬ 
bopora  lepidodendroides  noted  .  804  810 


WELL  EECOEDS. 


137 


Description  of  samples  from  Ridgely  well — Continued. 

Depth  in  feet. 

From.  To. 

Limestone,  sandstone,  and  shale.  One  crinoid  joint,  one  Productus(?) 

spine,  and  one  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides  was  noted . .  810  816 

Dark  grayish  yellow,  impure  limestone,  frequently  with  yellow  oolitic 
spherules  less  than  .25  of  a  mm.  in  diameter,  with  some  shale. 

Pyrite  and  a  bryozoan  noted  in  some  black  shale . .  816  822 

Some  dark  and  some  light  limestone,  with  much  coal  and  some  black 

shale.  Pyrite  noted  .  822  828 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  .  828  834 

Like  the  preceding  .  834  846 

Like  the  preceding,  with  some  coal  and  a  brownish  gray  limestone,  in 

which  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides  was  noted  .  846  852 

Gray  unctuous  clay  and  black  shale  .  852  858 

Greenish  gray  shale,  with  sandstone  that  is  frequently  filled  with  small 
oolitic  spherules  of  carbonate  of  iron,  which  measure  from  .125  mm. 
to  nearly  1  mm.  in  diameter,  some  fragments  consisting  entirely  of 

these  spherules,  being  an  oolitic  rock  of  carbonate  of  iron .  858  864 

Sandstone  and  shale  .  864  870 

Sandstone  and  shale,  showing  thin  foliations  of  alternately  light  and 

black  shale  .  870  877 

Like  the  preceding  .  877  884 

Gray  shale  and  sandstone,  with  white  limestone  and  coal  and  also 
some  “miner’s  slate.”  Pyrites,  shreds  of  vegetation,  and  “mineral 

charcoal”  .  884  891 

Gray  and  dark  micaceous  shale,  with  limestone  and  oolitic  spherules 

of  carbonate  of  iron  .  891  898 

Gray,  micaceous  shale  .  898  904 

White  limestone,  with  organic  fragments,  and  black  and  greenish 

shale  and  sandstone  .  904  910 

Shale,  sandstone  and  limestone  .  910  916 

Gray  shale,  sandstone,  and  white  limestone  impregnated  with  bitum¬ 
inous  material  .  916  922 

Gray  shale,  and  some  red  shale  .  922  928 

Gray  shale  .  928  934 

Dark  shale  and  fire  clay  .  934  940 

Dark  gray  shale  .  940  946 

Black  shale,  some  limestone  and  some  coal .  946  952 

Shale  and  coal  .  952  958 

Sand  .  958  964 

Sand  and  some  green  shale  .  964  970 

Gray  and  dark  shale  in  thin  alternate  laminations .  970  976 

Sand  and  some  shale  . .  976  982 

Dark  gray  shale  .  982  988 

Sand  and  dark  shale  .  988  994 

Dark  gray  micaceous  shale  and  sand,  with  pyrite  having  vegetable 

structure  .  994  1,000 

Gray  dark  shale  . 1,000  1,006 

Dark  gray  shale  .  1,006  1,012 

Sand  and  dark  micaceous  shale,  with  concretionary  siderite  and  pyrite  1,012  1,018 

Dark  shale  .  1,018  1,024 

Hard  dark  shale  .  1,024  1,030 

White  sand  . 1,030  1,036 

Light  gray  micaceous  sand  .  1,036  1,042 

Yellowish  gray,  micaceous  sand  .  1,042  1,048 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,048  1,054 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,054  1,060 

Black  and  gray  shale,  with  thin  laminations  .  1,060  1,066 

Dark  shale  of  fine  texture  .  1,066  1,072 

Black  shale  of  fine  texture  .  1,072  1,078 

Micaceous  sand,  yellowish  white  .  1,078  1,084 

Shale  and  clay,  some  dark  and  some  greenish  gray .  1,084  1,090 

Sandstone,  with  much  carbonaceous  material,  and  some  shale .  1,090  1,096 

Dark  shale  .  1,096  1,102 

Sand  and  shale  .  1,102  1,108 

Sandstone  of  somewhat  coarse  texture,  with  some  shale .  1,108  1,114 

Sandy  shale,  sand  and  fire  clay  .  1,114  1,120 

Sand  .  1,120  1,126 

Sand  .  1,126  1,132 

Dark  gray  stony  shale,  with  some  shale  and  sandstone .  1,132  1,138 

Sand,  with  some  shale .  1,138  1,150 

Dark  shale,  with  some  sand,  some  pyrite  and  some  manganese  con¬ 
cretions,  such  as  have  been  noted  in  fire  clays .  1,150  1,156 

Black  shale  with  some  bony  coal  .  1,156  1,162 

Like  the  preceding  . .. .  1,162  1,168 

Stony,  black  laminated  shale  .  1,168  1,174 

Gray  sand  .  1,174  1,180 

Gray  sand  .  1,180  1,186 

Black  shale,  limestone  and  coal  .  1,186  1,192 

Greenish  gray  fire  clay  .  1,192  1,198 

Black  shale  and  sandstone  .  1,198  1,204 

Yellowish  gray  sand;  floats  on  water  . 1,204  1,209 


138 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS 


Description  of  samples  from  Ridgely  well — Concluded. 

Depth  in  feet. 
From.  To. 


Like  the  preceding  .  1,209  1,214 

Black  shale  .  1,214  1,219 

Laminated  black  shale  .  1,219  1,224 

Black  and  gray  shale,  with  some  coal  .  1,224  1,229 

Like  the  preceding  .  1,229  1,234 

Sand,  floats  on  water  .  1,234  1,239 

Sand,  dark  brown,  oily  .  1,239  1,244 


INDEX. 


*139 


INDEX. 


Agriculture  .  16 

Ambocoelia  . 109,  119 

Ammodiscus  . 

. 26,  97,  100,  109,  110,  120,  130 

Argillite,  tests  for .  19 

Archimedes  . 25,  85,  90 

Athyris  . .....80,  85,  90 

Aviculopecten  . 97,  106 

B 

Bellerophon  . 97,  98 

Blue  Island  Waterworks  well  No.  3  .  .  37 

Brachiopods  . 66,  70,  71 

Bryozoa  . 26 

Bureau  County,  wells  in . 12,  47,  57 

Burlington  limestone,  stratigraphic 
features  of .  32 


see  also  individual  well  records. 


C 

Cambrian  formation . 29,  31 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Cedar  Valley  limestone .  22 

Chatsworth  city  well .  42 

Chert  in  rocks .  31 

Chester  limestone,  chert  in .  31 

Color  of .  27 

Description  of .  25 

Stratigraphic  features .  32 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Chetetes  .  63 

Chicago,  Wilmington  &  Vermilion 

Coal  Company’s  well .  69 

Chonetes  . 

..74,  78,  81,  97,  98,  103,  106,  117,  131 

Clark  County,  wells  in . 25,  91,  93 

Clinton  County,  well  in .  73 

Cincinnatian  shales,  color  of .  27 

Description  of .  26 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Clays,  tests  for .  19 

“Coal  Measures,”  color  of .  27 

Fossils  in .  26 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Cochran  well  No.  9 . 116 

Colors  of  formations . 19,  27 

Cook  County,  well  in .  37 

Craig  and  Lowrie  well . 113 


PAGE. 

Crawford  County,  Cochran  well  No. 


9  in  . 116 

Craig  and  Lowrie  well  in . 113 

Curtis  well  No.  8  in . 104 

Drake  well  No.  23  in . 100 

Edwards  well  No.  15  in . .'£09 

Newlin  well  No.  21  in . .114 

Shiltz  well  No.  7  in . .107 

Siler  well  No.  4  in .  94 

Wells  in  . 33 

Wilson  well  No.  21  in . <102 

Crinoids  .  26 

Curtis  well  No.  8 . 104 

Cyathophyllid  . 100 


D 

Darton  .  11 

Depue,  well  at .  47 

Devonian  formation,  chert  in .  31 

Color  of  shales  in . 27 

Description  of  black  shale  in...  22-25 

Fossils  in .  26 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of  limestone  and  shales  in  29 
see  also  individual  well  records. 

Dielasma  . 90 

Dolomite,  tests  for . i  .  .  20 

Texture  of . 29-30 

Douglas  County,  well  in .  71 

Drake  well  No.  23 . . . 100 

Drillers,  cooperation  with .  12 

Drilling  . 11-12 

Duquoin  Land  and  Farming  Com¬ 
pany  well  .  90 


E 

Echinoids  in  St.  Louis  limestone....  26 


Edmondia  . 106  ' 

Edwards  well  No.  15 . 109 

Elgin  Waterworks  well .  35 

Endothyra  . 26,  70,  93 

Estheria  . 24,  67 

F 

Favosites  .  95 

Fenestella  .  80 

Fire  clay,  color  of .  27 

Fistulipora  . 90,  103,  109 

Flint  in  rocks .  31 

Formations,  identification  of .  22 


140 


DEEP  BORINGS  IN  ILLINOIS. 


PAGE. 

Fossils,  care  of .  17 

Identification  by .  22 

In  limestones  and  dolomites . 


In  shales . 19-20 

Fuller  .  11 

Fusulina . 25,  26,  74, 

78,  81,  99,  100,  103,  104,  106,  108,  118 

G 

Gallagher  well .  87 

Galena  limestone,  chert  in .  31 

Color  of .  27 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of .  30 

Galesburg  city  well  No.  3 .  23 

Geneseo  city  well .  59 

Gasteropods  in  Devonian  shale .  23 

Glauconite  in  rock .  31 

Gould  .  11 

Grafton,  well  at .  72 

Grave  well  No.  2 . 123 

Guthrie  farm  well  No.  1 .  77 

Gypsum,  tests  for .  19 

H 

Hall,  Professor,  on  shale  at  Musca¬ 
tine,  Iowa .  23 

Harris  .  11 

Hemipronites  . 106 

Henry  city  well . 24,  55 

Henry  County,  well  in .  59 

Hustedia  . 131 

I 

Identification  of  formations  by  physi¬ 
cal  characters .  22 

Method  of .  27 

Illinois  Central  Coal  and  Salt  Com¬ 
pany’s  well .  85 

Illinois  Coal  and  Coke  Company’s 

well  .  25 

Illinois  Powder  Company’s  well....  72 
Ironstone,  tests  for .  20 

J 

Jacksonville,  well  near .  68 

Jensens  farm  well .  71 

Jersey  County,  well  in .  72 

Joliet  Crowley  Avenue  well .  40 

K 

Kane  County,  well  in .  35 

Kankakee  County,  well  in .  50 

Kendall  County,  well  in .  45 

Keokuk  formation,  stratigraphic  fea¬ 
tures  of .  32 

Kinderhook  formation,  color  of..  27,  28 

Texture  of  limestone  in .  30 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Knox  County,  well  in .  23 


Lawrence  County,  Grave  well  No.  2 


in  . 123 

McLeave  well  No.  4  in . 118 

Ridgely  well  No.  1  in . 135 

Snyder  well  No.  7  in . 129 

Wells  in . 33-34 

La  Salle  County,  well  in .  46 

Leverett,  Frank .  11 

Limestone,  above  coal  No.  6 .  25 

Color  of .  27 

Dolomitization  of .  30 

Examination  of .  16 

Tests  for . 20-22 

Texture  of .  29 

see  also  separate  formations. 

Lingula  . 22,  24,  67,  110 

Livingston  County,  well  in .  42 

Logs,  drillers’ .  12 

Of  Illinois  wells . 35-138 

Preservation  of . 12-13 

Lower  Magnesian  limestone,  chert  in  31 

Glauconite  in .  31 

Texture  of . 28,  30 


see  also  individual  well  records. 


M 

Manlove,  W.  B.,  farm  well  of.... 24,  66 

Marion  County,  well  in .  77 

Marl,  tests  for  .  20 

Marshall  County,  well  in . 24,  55 

McGinnis  Farm  well .  68 

McLeave  well  No.  4 . 118 

Mendenhall  .  11 

Mineral  Point  Zinc  Co.  well  No.  2..  47 

Mississippian  limestone,  color  of.. 27,  28 

Pyrite  in .  31 

Texture  of  sandstone  in .  31 

Texture  of  shales  in .  29 

see  also  individual  xoell  records. 

Monmouth  well . 13,  23,  62 

Morgan  County,  well  in .  68 

Myalina  .  97 

N 

Newlin  well  No.  21 . 114 

Niagara  limestone,  chert  in .  31 

Color  of . 27,  29 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of .  30 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Norton,  Professor .  11 

Nucula  .  98 


O 

Ohio  Oil  Company,  samples  from...  15 

Oolitic  limestone .  30 

Oppenlander  farm  well  No.  1 .  81 

Ordovician  limestone . 28,  29 

see  also  individual  well  records. 
Orthoceras  . 136 


INDEX. 


141 


Pennsylvanian  series,  chert  in  lime¬ 


stones  of .  31 

Color  of  limestones  of .  28 

Pyrite  in .  31 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  33 

Texture  of  strata  of .  29 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Pentremites  . 25,  85 

Peoria  well .  25 

Perry  County,  wells  in . 25,  85,  87 

Peru,  well  near .  46 

Physical  characters,,  identification  of 

formations  by .  27 

Plano,  well  near .  45 

Plymouth,  well  near . 24,  66 

Polypora  . 51,  81 

Pottsville  series,  stratigraphic  fea¬ 
tures  of .  32 

Potsdam  formation,  color  of  sand¬ 
stones  of .  27 

Texture  of  sandstones  of .  28 

Texture  of  shales  of .  29 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Princeton  city  wells .  57 

Productus . 74,  103,  106,  109,  125 

Ptyctodus-calceolus  . 22,  23 

Putnam  County,  well  in .  41 

Pyrite  in  rocks .  31 

R 

Reed  well .  41 

Retzia  . 109,  120 

Ridgely  well  No.  1 . 135 

Robinson,  well  at . 113 

Rocks,  components  of .  31 

Rock  Island  well .  61 

Rhombopora.  . . 26,  70,  71,  75,  81,  98, 
103,  106,  109,  115,  117,  131,  136,  137 

Rhynchodus  .  24 

S 

St.  Johns,  well  at  or  near . 25,  85 

St.  Louis  formation,  chert  in  lime¬ 
stones  of .  31 

Color  of  limestones  of .  27 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of  limestones  in .  30 

St.  Peter  sandstone,  color  of .  27 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of .  28 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Ste.  Genevieve  limestone,  strati¬ 
graphic  features  of .  32 

Salem  formation,  stratigraphic  fea¬ 
tures  of. . . .  32 

Samples  . 13-17 

San  Bede  College  well  .  46 

Sandstone,  examination  of . 17 

Physical  characteristics  of . 18-19 

Texture  in .  28 


PAGE. 

Sangamon  County,  well  in .  69 

Schuyler  Oil  and  Gas  Company  well..  24 

Schuyler  County,  well  in . 24,  66 

Shales,  color  of .  27 

Examination  of .  16 

Test  for .  19 

Texture  of .  29 

Shelby  County,  well  in .  70 

Shiltz  well  No.  7 . 107 

Shover  well  No.  1 . 25,  93 

Siler  well  No.  4 .  96 

Silts,  tests  for .  19 

Silurian  limestone,  texture  of .  29 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Snyder  well  No.  7 . 129 

Solenocaris  strigata  Meek .  23 

Southwell,  J.  H .  13 

Spathiocaris  emersoni  Clark .  22 

Spirifer  .  90 

Sporangites  . 


. 13,  23,  24,  .25,  63,  64,  65,  67,  94 

State  Asylum,  Kankakee,  well  of.  .15,  50 
Stratigraphic  features,  identification 


of  formation  by . 31-34 

Stromatopora  .  93 

Sweetland  Creek  Shale.  ...22,  23,  25,  56 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Synthetodus  .  23 

Syntrielasma  . 120 

T 

Textures  in  rocks .  28 

Thayer,  C.  W.  &  V.  C.  Company 

well  at .  69 

Thierer  farm  well  No.  1 .  73 

Trenton  limestone,  color  of .  27 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Texture  of . 29,  30 

see  also  individual  well  records. 

Tubipora  . 109 

Tuscola,  well  near .  71 

V 

Vaughan  .  11 

W 

Warren  County,  well  in . 23,  62 

Warsaw  formation,  fossils  in .  26 

Stratigraphic  features  of .  32 

Washington  County,  well  No.  1  in.  .  81 

Well  records . 35-138 

Will  County,  well  in .  40 

Wilson  well  No.  21 . 102 

Worthen  . 11,  13 

Y 

Young  well  No.  29 . 25,  91 

Z 

Zaphrentis  . 110 


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